View of EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING AT NORTH INDIA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL)

Vol. 05, Issue 07,July 2020 Available Online: http://www.ajeee.co.in

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EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING AT NORTH INDIA Dr. Neh Srivastava, New Delhi

Abstract: Global warming is one of the world's biggest and most significant public health and environmental issues. The word global warming is the same as the greenhouse effect under which increased greenhouse gasses on earth allow more and more solar energy to build up, thereby raising the world temperature. This paper should provide insight into current global warming situations in the Himalayan region and other parts of northern India, along with their innumerable origins and impacts. The effort is made to raise consciousness about different forms about gasses in the air that stress environmental consequences and the various ways of solving the situation.

Keywords: Greenhouse gases, IPCC, Climatic change, Human activities.

1. INTRODUCTION

Global warming is one of the major environmental issues by which temperature around the surface of the earth in the Troposphere layer of the atmosphere has amplified to a considerable extent due to which speckled changes in climate arrangements occur rapidly. India is the 2nd most populated nation in the world by populace more than 1.3 billion deceitful north to equator sharing its coastline of regarding 7618 km with Indian ocean, Arabian sea and bay of Bengal it exhibits a wide range of temperatures having Himalayan mountains on the northern side which participate in warming surrounding areas by preventing cold waves from blowing in on another side. Thar deserts attract summer monsoon winds held responsible for the generation of the rainy season all around India. India's monsoon season from June to September as the wettest and most active season throughout the world, and annual rainfall varies between 750 and 1500 mm in the country. The effect of global warming has been tremendous on India's climate, which has led to various disasters (Bashir et al., 2018).

For developing countries like India increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has not been so severe as there are multiple sources due to which these gases get released into the air, According to 2009 data it was established that India is, after China and Russia, the world's third- largest emitter of CO2. Therefore it can be assumed that a more significant rise in temperature and global warming is triggered in India by the fact that carbon oxides have high heat absorption power, therefore that as soon as the sunlight is dropping across the surface of the earth

have elevated carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide absorb heat radiations thereby preventing them from bouncing back due to which surrounding temperature gets increased thus causing global warming (Noykova and Gyllenberg, 2000).

1.1 Profile of India

India is well-thought-out to be a massive nation in South Asia being 2nd most populated nation in the world or located at the perfect location of the northern hemisphere. India is covered by majorly by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal along its long coastline on the southern side with a wide range of Himalayan mountains present on northern sides due to which it has got varied climatic condition across the country. From having chilled winters in Himalayan regions to extreme temperature conditions of Thar Desert with monsoons in most of the country from July to September thus making Indian climatic condition somewhat unique from rest of its neighboring countries .it is widely due to Himalayan mountain ranges that temperature of India is warmer as it is not expected in terms of its latitude value as it acts as a barrier by not allowing cold winds from other parts of Asia to pass thus making it a bit warmer in addition to it scorching heat of Thar desert attracts monsoons thus taking credit of occurrence of typhoons season in India.

India and other south Asian countries are expected to have a various change in climate due to global warming throughout this century as continuous heat waves have evolved around India which continues for more extended periods having hotter days and warmer nights around all regions leading to

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12 change in precipitation pattern and eventually agricultural efficiency across the country.

2. GLOBAL WARMING GASES

There is no denying in the statement that main reason for the occurrence of global warming is due to widening of greenhouse effect which occurs when certain gases present in the atmosphere tend to prevent escaping up of heat from the atmosphere thus bring a specific change in the temperature of the earth mainly known as greenhouse gases out of which significant share consists of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Before the beginning of the 21st century, these two gasses were considered minor but essential gases present in the atmosphere, released into the air through respiration and volcanic eruptions. Still, the significant concentration is human activities like deforestation achieve these gases, forest fires, land-use changes and most importantly burning fossil fuels, Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum products being abundant in carbon content burn-in presence of oxygen leads to the production of oxides of carbon releasing it into the air. It has been estimated that, on average, the total concentration of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide has increased three times since the beginning of the industrial revolution.

3. CURRENT GLOBAL WARMING CONCERNS

Our planet is warming from the North Pole to the South Pole, and its effect is being found everywhere, even in various far-flung areas, out of which the majority are exceptional. Significant change known to everyone is that melting up of polar ice and glaciers has increased water level across the earth and has led to a shift in climatic and precipitation patterns along with habitation change of various organisms. Some of these research facts about global warming all around the globe are:

• Melting up of polar ice, glaciers found on mountains, and ice sheets have covered major low lying areas like west Antarctica, Greenland, and arctic sea ice.

• The number of Adeline penguins in Antarctica has dropped from

32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 over the last 30 years.

• Various organisms like butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved towards higher north areas where the temperature is cold.

• Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summer, and in return, they have chewed up to 4 million acres of spruce trees.

• The expected sea level rises at an average of 18 to 59 centimeters by the end of the century.

• Prediction for the occurrence of stronger Hurricanes and droughts.

• Fewer quantities of freshwater will be available, for example, Quelccaya ice cap which, continues to melts at such rate. It will be over by 2100, affecting thousands of people who depend on this water for daily life activities and electric power.

• The rapid change in ecosystems will occur –species who will be able to migrate will be successful in coping with the situation. Still, those who won't be able will get extinct as it has been calculated that strength of polar bears has obtained skinner and statement has been delivered that if all polar ice disappears, then polar bears will also go.

4. EXTREME EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

Some of the extreme effects caused due to global warming around the globe can be summarized as:

• Impact on Cry sphere: area of earth-covered under snow and ice, mostly under these areas, abrupt changes have been found in decline in sea ice extent by the end of 21st century it has been estimated that summers in artic and Antarctic zones will be ice-free due to which overall level of water will rise around the world.

• Effect on Oceans: being labeled as reducers of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but if intake of carbon dioxide increases in the ocean due to excess carbon dioxide in the air, it will lead to ocean acidification, along with it

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13 another effect considered is level rise due to thermal expansion.

• Agricultural Productivity: it has been perceived that agriculture production is directly proportional to global warming. Due to changes in climatic patterns ie, change in rainfall pattern, increase in temperatures, and an increase in the intensity of winds have directly led to a decrease in crop yield (Mahato, 2014). There is no denying that agriculture also contributes to global warming by its various anthropological emissions, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases. On the whole agricultural activities add to 25 % of total worldwide annual radiation as per the survey of the year 2010.

5. GLOBAL WARMING IN HIMALAYAN AND OTHER PARTS OF NORTH INDIA In this paper, the primary focus is laid upon global warming in major north Indian states and Himalayan regions. The rules mentioned in this paper have been chosen because of the following reasons

• a considerable number of populace

• The agricultural sector is fully prepared

• a substantial amount of industries

• Profound changes in climate from the past few years.

5.1 Delhi

It is the capital of India located in a subtropical belt with a population of 16.78 million having extreme dry climate considerably an intensely hot summer and cold winters. Being center of all major commercial and governmental activities with the highest population in India, Delhi is considered to be a most polluted state of the country with excess concentrations of various pollutants and harmful gases present in the air with presence of three major power plants at Inderprastha, Badarpur and Rajghat which not only contribute to the economy but also increase the concentration of pollutants majorly hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Apart from vehicular emissions, there are other factories and cement industries present at Delhi which play there leading role in increasing concentration of greenhouse gases around Delhi it has been perceived that the average increase in temperature of Delhi

has increased by 3.9 degree due to which there has been changes in climatic and monsoon patterns around the state. It has been stated that worldwide health organizations around Delhi, due to global warming vector born diseases, will become more potent (Shukla and Bashir, 2018). The number of cases of dengue occurrence has alarmingly risen from 110 persons in the year 2010 to 249 persons in 2014, which has raised concern around the state. Being labeled as a polluted city with higher chances of occurrence of dengue and other respiratory diseases along with sweltering summers and dense foggy winters, this is the environmental reality of Delhi i.e., capital of the country for which various strategies and actions need to be planned to decrease the concentration of greenhouse gases and to purify the environment (Medcalf and Eddy, 2004). Due to global warming, it can be concluded that tremendous changes in the climatic pattern have taken place around Delhi. The rainfall pattern has changed, which has led to a decrease in 25 percent of Delhi’s water resources.

6. CONCLUSION

For the states given above, the average temperature rise can be compared as provided in the table and can be plotted on a graph as given below.

Fig. 1. Variation of increase in temperature due to global warming for

the selected states

These temperature variations can be plotted in the graph, as given below in Fig. 1.

From this data, it can be concluded that:

• Global warming is comparatively higher in Himachal Pradesh, followed by Delhi.

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• The global warming level is lower at Assam.

• For Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab global warming level is on the verge of exceeding its intensity.

• For Himachal Pradesh and Delhi, it indicates that the concentration of greenhouse gases that is carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is higher.

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