View of PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MOSQUITOES REPELLENT DHOOP-STICK

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104 (ISSN NO. 2456-1037) Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MOSQUITOES REPELLENT DHOOP-STICK

Anita Gour and Niharika Shivhare

Department of Chemical Sciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore (M.P.), India.

Abstract - Mosquitoes are found only in temperate zones like India and China. Many diseases like dengue, chikungunya and malaria are cause by mosquitoes. Inhaling smoke emitted by coils and incense sticks and liquid is not only harmful to the lungs, but can also cause cancer.With an aim to minimize the usage of chemicals or disinfectants to clean the environment, efforts were made to derive an herbal Mosquitoes repellent Dhoop-stick.

Doing Hawan seems to be designed by the ancient scholars to fight with the diseases of the brain. Components of Hawan are having a number of volatile oils that are specifically useful for us as the vapours of these oils enter into the central nervous system through nasal route. The routine of performing Hawan might keep the threshold value of the therapeutic components in the body and helps in preventing many diseases (dengue, chikungunya ,malaria, epilepsy, and Alzheimer). In the present manuscript authors have tried to prepare mosquito repellent Dhoop-stick from Hawan samagri with neem oil, highlighting and integrating the modern and ancient concepts for treatment and prevention of such diseases.

The current work focuses on preparation and evaluation of natural and herbal mosquito repellent dhoop-stick formulation for cleaning the environment. From the results it is clear that the doop-sticks used as mosquito repellents are highly effective (>75 %) and is better than the other available mosquito repellents. It is also clear that in the insect repellent action the smoke generated provides body and mind relaxation (>90 %).

Keywords: Hawan, Dhoop-stick, neem oil, malaria, dengue.

1. INTRODUCTION

Researchers have proved that pyrethroids used in mosquito repellent liquids lead to hyper excitation of nervous system and prolong uses result in corneal damage, liver damage and asthma. About 13% of user are seriously affected by use of mosquito repellents. Burning one mosquito repellant coil in a closed room amounts to smoking roughly 100 cigarettes. Therefore, the current research focuses on the development of natural mosquitoes repellent dhoop-stick. The formulation was developed using natural agents like cow dung, cow ghee, neem oil and certain herbs which are known traditionally for their fragrances. Cow dung has been used since time immemorial as a source of disinfection in different households. In various religious practices such as homa/ havans, cow dung, cow ghee, neem oil, brahmi, guggul, loban , camphor, etc. has been used in order to cleanse the environment and feel pleasant [1]. With the help of this traditional knowledge, we tried to devise a method to prepare a dhoop-stick having pharmacopoeias quality using various cow product, neem oil and plant powders for cleansing the air. This herbal dhoop-

stick is prepared from extremely economical sources and has a pleasant smell.

Air purified from mosquitoes and insect, becomes lighter in nature and this light air goes up and when the mosquitoes repellent Dhoop-stick is lit the air replaces the cold or the impure air and this process continues (as we studied in geography; how the lighter air from the plains replace the heavier air from the poles) and the air keep getting purified till the ritual is being performed [2].

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

To prepare the dhoop-stick the major ingredient used is cow dung. Dried Cow dung was procured from a deep root dairy in Indore. The cow dung was then pulverized in a domestic grinder and sieved to obtain the fine powder. All the plant powders were procured from local market and they were screened for their quality and then used for the preparation [3]. Cow’s ghee and neem oil was also taken from local market after checking its quality. All the ingredients were taken in following proportion as shown in Table 1.

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Table 1: Ingredients used in dhoop-stick and their effects on environment

Sr. No. Ingredients Scientific names Cleansing effect Quantity

1 Cow dung Cow dung smoke is an

antioxidant 500 gm 2 Cows Ghee clarified butter antidote for the poisons 5 gm 3 Neem oil Azadirachtin seed oil Active ingredient as

insecticide

10 ml

4 Neem wood Azadirachtin wood/bark 50 gm

5 Brahmi Bacopamonnieri leaves Calms the nervous

system of human body 10 gm 6 Guggul Commiphoramukul resin Exceptionally good

fragrance and binding

properties 10 gm

7 Loban Benzoin resin Reduces anxiety 10 gm

8 Camphor Cinnamomumcamphora

Insecticide and its fragrance spread

positivity in environment

5 gm

All the plant parts and cow dung were taken in a clean, dry mortar and pestle and macerated finely. Cow’s ghee and neem oil were also added and the mixture was macerated finely to obtain paste. A plastic syringe was cut from the apical side so as toopen the mouth of the syringe completely. Dhoop sticks were made using the opened syringe and a plunger [4]. These dhoop-sticks were dried in sun light or in an oven at 40 ^oC and then stored in an air tight container. The dhoop-sticks were used for evaluation of cleansing activity.

The aromatic herbs in the dhoop- stick when burnt removes the foul odor in the atmosphere by their fragrances. It also reduced bacteria and fungi. It also helps to prevent air born infections like T.B., Measles, Smallpox, etc. these ingredients when mixed with Neem oil shows Mosquito repellent

effect [5-12]. The burning of Dhoop-stick not only respells the mosquitoes but also charges the atmosphere with positive energy.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The mosquito repellent dhoop-stick prepared with above mentioned formulas was first tested in the laboratory and then a survey was conducted for 50 families of different localities of Indore city. 20 dhoop-sticks were distributed to the families and asked to use the same for 10 days. After 10 days each family was asked to fill a questionnaire containing 10 questions. From the questionnaire the percentage acceptability of the dhoop- sticks were calculated. Table 2 represents the questionnaire and the acceptability of the prepared dhoop-sticks as mosquito repellants.

Table 2: Summary of questionnaire submitted by the 50 families.

Sr. No. Questions Answer Percentage

acceptability Yes No (%)

1 Have you used the dhoop-sticks regularly for past 10

days? 50 00 100

2 Do you find ease in using the dhoop-sticks? 50 00 100 3 Does the fragrance of the dhoop-stick is appreciable? 48 02 96 4 Do you find any kind of irritation with the smoke of

dhoop-sticks? 04 46 92

5 Does the burning of dhoop-stick gives pleasant feeling? 47 03 94 6 Do you find the provided dhoop-stick better than the

other available mosquito repellents in the market? 41 09 82 7 Does the effect of dhoop-stick lasts for 3-4 hours? 39 11 78 8 Do you find the effectiveness of dhoop-stick for more

than one room? 35 15 70

9 Do you think the long term use of dhoop-sticks may

kill the other insects also? 38 12 76

10 Would you recommend your friends and relatives to

use this product? 42 08 84

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3 From the questionnaire in table 2 it is clear that the doop-sticks used as mosquito repellents are effective (>75 %) and is better than the other available mosquito repellents. It is also clear that with the insect repellent action the smoke generated provides body and mind relaxation (>90 %).

4. CONCLUSION

Inhalation of dhoop-stick smoke gives inhalation therapy by relaxing the mind and heals the body and has fills positive energy. This mosquitoes repellent

Dhoop-stick is not only a mosquito repellent but also hygienic, medicinal and aesthetic.

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