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A WALK THROUGH CLOUDS WITH CLOUD PROVISIONING AND MANAGEMENT
N. Meghana, R. L. Sravanthi, A. Bhargavi & M. Lavanya, G. Chaitanya Lakshmi
Department Of Computer Science and Engineering, KL University Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract – Our paper describes ‘Cloud computing’, a computing platform for the next generation of the Internet.
In this paper we define clouds, explain the business benefits of cloud computing, and outline the cloud architecture and its major components. You will discover how a business can use cloud computing to foster innovation and reduce IT costs. IBM’s implementation of cloud computing is described.
Cloud Computing denotes the latest trend in application development for Internet services, relying on clouds of servers to handle tasks that used to be managed by individual machines. With Cloud Computing, developers take important services, such as email, calendars, and word processing, and host them entirely online, powered by a vast array (or cloud) of interdependent commodity servers.
Cloud Computing presents advantages for organizations seeking to centralize the management of software and data storage, with guarantees on reliability and security for their users. Recently, we have seen many efforts of the commercialization of the cloud such as Amazon’s EC2/S3/Simple DB, Google’s App Engine, Microsoft’s SQL Server data services and IBM’s “Blue Cloud” service. At the same time, open source projects such as Hadoop and Zookeeper offer various software components that are essential for building a cloud infrastructure. We hope to bring eminent researchers and practicing together.
Keywords – Cloud compliance, Cloud checklist, SaaS for education, On-demand computing.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is a computing paradigm in which tasks are assigned to a combination of connections, software and services accessed over a network. This network of servers and connections is collectively known as “the cloud”. Computing at the scale of cloud allows users to access supercomputer level power. Using a thin client or other access point, like an iPhone, BlackBerry or laptop, users can reach into the cloud for resources as they need them. For this reason, cloud computing has also been described as “on-demand computing.”
Cloud Computing is Internet-based (“cloud”) development and use of computer technology (“computing”). The cloud is metaphor for the internet (based on how it is depicted in computer networks diagrams) and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals. It is a style of computing in which IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service”, allowing users to access technology-enabled services from the internet (“in the cloud”) without knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that supports them. According to a 2008 paper published by IEEE Internet computing “cloud computing is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops notebooks ,wall computers, handhelds ,sensors , monitors, etc”
Cloud computing is a general concept that incorporates software as a service (SAAS),Web 2.0 and other recent, well-known technology trends ,in which the common theme is reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. For example, Google Apps provides common business application online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
II. CLOUD COMPUTING:
What is a CLOUD COMPUTING?
Cloud computing is Internet-("CLOUD-") based development and use of computer technology ("COMPUTING") Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. It is used to describe both a platform and type of application. Cloud computing also describes applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet. These cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services. Anyone with a suitable Internet connection and a standard browser can access a cloud
Design of cloud computing:
Fig. 1
This vast processing power is made possible through distributed, large-scale cluster computing, often in concert with server virtualization software, like Xen, and parallel processing. Cloud computing can be contrasted with the traditional desktop computing model, where the resources of a single desktop computer are used to complete tasks, and an expansion of the client server model. To paraphrase ‘Sun Microsystems’ famous adage, in cloud computing the networks supercomputers.
III. WHAT IS DRIVING CLOUD COMPUTING?
The CLOUD COMPUTING is driving in two types of categories.
They are as follows:
Customer perspective
Vendor perspective
Customer perspective: In one word: economics
Faster, simpler, cheaper to use cloud Computation.
No upfront capital required for servers and storage.
No ongoing for operational expenses for running datacenter.
Application can be run from anywhere.
Vendor perspective:
Easier for application vendors to reach new customers.
Lowest cost way of delivering and supporting applications.
Ability to use commodity server and storage hardware.
Ability to drive down data center operational costs.
The Architecture & Clouds of different colours:
Fig. 1 Types of services:
A. These services are broadly divided into three categories:
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).
B. Types by visibility:
Public cloud
Hybrid cloud
Private cloud
Community cloud
The architecture behind cloud computing is a massive network of ‘cloud servers’ interconnected as if in a grid running in parallel, sometimes using the technique of virtualization to maximize compute power per server.
Blue cloud, built on IBM’S massive scale computing initiatives, will be based on open standards and open standards and open source software supported by IBM software, systems technology and services. This internet-scale researchers worldwide and targets clients who want to explore the extreme scale of cloud computing infrastructures quickly and easily.
Usage scenarios:
Fig. 2
Cloud computing can play a significant role in a variety of areas including internal pilots, Innovations, virtual worlds, e-business, social networks, and search. Here we summarize several basic but important usage scenarios that highlight the breadth and depth of impact that cloud computing can have on an enterprise.
Internal innovation
Innovators request resources online through a simple Web interface. They specify a desired start and end dates for their pilot. A cloud resource administrator approves or rejects the request. Upon approval, the cloud provisions the servers. The innovator has the resources available for use within a few minutes or an hour depending on what type of resource was requested.
Virtual worlds
Virtual worlds require significant amounts of computing power, especially as those virtual spaces become large or as more and more users log in. Massively multiplayer online games (MMPOG) are a good example of significantly large virtual worlds.
E-business
In e-business, scalability can be achieved by making new servers available as needed. For Example, during a peak shopping season, more virtual servers can be made available that can cater to high shopper demand. In another example a company may experience high workloads on weekends or evenings as opposed to early mornings and weekdays.
Personal hobbies
Innovation is no longer a concept developed and owned by companies and businesses. It is becoming popular at the individual level, and more individuals are coming up with innovations. These individuals could be requesting servers from a cloud to work on their innovations.
How does cloud computing work?
Supercomputers today are used mainly by the military, government intelligence agencies, universities and research labs, and large companies to tackle enormously complex calculations for such tasks as simulating nuclear explosions, predicting climate change, designing
likely to bind with potential new drugs. Cloud computing aims to apply that kind of power—measured in the tens of trillions of computations per second—to problems like analysing risk in financial portfolios, delivering personalized medical information, even powering immersive computer games, in a way that users can tap through the Web. It does that by networking large groups of servers that often use low- cost consumer PC technology, with specialized connections to spread data-processing chores across them. By contrast, the newest and most powerful desktop PCs process only about 3 billion computations a second. Let's say you're an executive at a large corporation. Your particular responsibilities include making sure that all of your employees have the right hardware and software they need to do their jobs.
Buying computers for everyone isn't enough -- you also have to purchase software or software licenses to give employees the tools they require. Whenever you have a new hire, you have to buy more software or make sure your current software license allows another user. It's so stressful that you find it difficult to go.
Fig. 3
Fig. 4 Cloud provisioning and management
Fig. 5 Automated provisioning:
The core functionality of a cloud is its ability to automatically provision servers for innovators and to enable innovators, administrators, and others to use that function with a Web-based interface. The role-based interface abstracts out the complexity of IBM Tivoli Provisioning Manager, Remote Deployment Manager, Network Installation Manager, business process execution language (BPEL), and Web services.
Reservation and scheduling
Critical to an environment like a cloud is the ability to understand what your current and future capacity is to accommodate customers. Without that understanding you cannot accurately forecast how many customers you can support, nor can you ensure that you maintain a steady pipeline of innovation. For this reason, projects cannot board the cloud without an agreed upon end date.
This date which is part of the contract (an approved request for resources) offers an
Change Management : Extending contracts
As with most innovations, projects, pilots, and prototypes often have unknown elements related to development delays, new requirements, and funding.
The unknowns sometimes make it difficult to adhere to a contractual end date, especially if the end date was agreed to several months before the project delays.
Monitoring
Clouds typically have a significant number of servers, As the number of cloud resources increase monitoring becomes a critical requirement. The cloud includes capabilities for monitoring both individual servers and collections of servers.
Monitoring is performed using IBM® Tivoli®
Monitoring. This involves installing an IBM Tivoli Monitoring agent on each cloud server and configuring the IBM Tivoli Monitoring server.
IV. SEVEN TECHNICAL SECURITY BENEFITS OF THE CLOUD:
Fig. 6 [1] CENTRALIZED DATA:
Reduced Data Leakage Monitoring benefits
[2] INCIDENT RESPONSE / FORENSICS:
Forensic readiness
Decrease evidence acquisition time Eliminate or reduce service downtime
[3] PASSWORD ASSURANCE TESTING (AKA CRACKING):
Decrease password cracking time
Keep cracking activities to dedicated machines [4] LOGGING:
“Unlimited”, pay per drink storage Improve log indexing and search Getting compliant with extended logging
[5] IMPROVE THE STATE OF SECURITY SOFTWARE (PERFORMANCE):
Drive vendors to create more efficient security Software
[6] SECURE BUILDS:
Pre-hardened, change control builds Reduce exposure through patching offline Easier to test impact of security changes [7] SECURITY TESTING:
Reduce cost of testing security Adoption-fears Security Latency
SLA
Advantages of the cloud computing:
Fig. 9
According to a Google spokesperson, Cloud computing is particularly valuable to small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping them become are critical to helping them become more productive without spending lost of money on in-house resources and technical equipment.
“But we and seeing large businesses moving to the cloud as well, for a variety of reasons, such as cost savings, remote access, ease of availability and real-time collaborating capabilities. The time is right for business users to embrace online application in ways that make sense for them. There will always be a need for desktop applications that provide advanced functionality that’s best delivered from a client such as high powered computing in spread sheets; but less and less work is like that”.
Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations
Enterprises are increasingly making innovation their highest priority. They realize they need to seek new ideas and unlock new sources of value. Driven by the pressure to cut costs and grow—simultaneously—they realize that it’s not possible to succeed simply by doing the same things better. They know they have to do new things that produce better results.
Fig. 7
Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments:
Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Pooling resources into large clouds drives down costs and increases utilization by delivering resources only for as long as those resources are needed.
Essential Characteristics:
On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi- tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data centre). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.
Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control
capability1 at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
V. CONCLUSION
In today's global competitive market, companies must innovate and get the most from its resources to succeed.
This requires enabling its employees, business partners, and users with the platforms and collaboration tools that promote innovation. Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms that can provide tremendous value to companies of any size. They can help companies achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments and provide a means to accelerate the adoption of innovations. Cloud computing enables innovation by alleviating the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community.
Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than
the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] A Microsoft U.S. Education white paper April 2010.
[2] Nabil Sultan, Cloud computing for education: A new dawn? , International Journal of Information Management 30 (2010).
[3] Armbrust, Metal (2009), Above the clouds: A Berkeley view of Cloud Computing, UC Berkeley EECS, Feb 10th2009
[4] John Powell, Cloud computing – what is it and what does it mean for education?
[5] Economist (2008), Corporate IT Special Report:
Let it rise, The Economist, Oct 23rd.
[6] Beizer, Doug. “NIST creates cloud-computing team.” Federal Computer Week, February 25, 2009.
