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Tetranychus urticae
) Tetranychidae :
Acari
(Źŵ ƶƤƐƴƯƶſ
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ƾĪǀƳƹźŤĪƫřŢƀ욌ŞţŚĪƯƩƺŘƀƯ*
An investigation on resistance of 19 common bean genotypes to two- spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), in three regions of Iran
Z. Tahmasebi1&*, A. H. Hosein Zadeh1, M. R. Bihamta1, M. R. Naghavi1, A. Saboori2, H. R. Dorri3 and M. S. Koshki4
1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 2. Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 3. Agriculture Research Center, Markazi province, Khomaen, Iran, 4. Agriculture Research Center, Lorestan province, Brojerd, Iran.
*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]
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Koch Tetranychus urticae
Żř ƮƸƯ ŚǀŝƺƫšŚƟōƲƿźţ Ţſř
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ÎÖ ŚǀŝƺƫĚǀţƺƳĥ ŢƯƹŚƤƯƽřźŝ
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ƾƯƲƿřźŝŚƴŝ Ʊřƺţ Ks41128 ƹŚƤƯƱřƺƴƗƶŝřŹ ƭ
ŵźĩƾƟźƘƯƂƿŚƯŻōƲƿřŹŵĚǀţƺƳĥƲƿźţŹřŶƿŚěƲưƋŹŵƹƲƿźţ .
ĥřƹ ƱŚĭ ƽŶǀƬĩ
Śǀŝƺƫ ƶƴĩ ƽ
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Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the important pests of common bean that causes serious damage to agricultural crops. In this study, nineteen common bean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to the two-spotted spider mite. The trial was carried out at field conditions of Karaj, Brojerd and Khomein. One week after mite infestation, the total number of female and eggs were counted for two times. Also, mite damage feeding was evaluated with a 1-6 scale. Khomein had the fewest infested mean and relative resistance of many genotypes was failed in comparison to susceptible standard genotype (Akhtar) at Khomein. So they should be eliminated in alternative breeding programs.
Nevertheless, only Ks41128 that had good relative resistance at other regions had the most relative
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ĚǀţƺƳĥ ƶƴƧƶŝŚǀŝƺƫ ƲţŹŚţƽ ƶƨƫƹŵ ƽř
resistance at Khomein. Subsequently, we propose Ks41128 as the most resistance and also the most stable genotypes.
Key words: common bean, two-spotted spider mite, relative resistance
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ƗřŹŻ ƾ ŹŵƭƺſźƯ ŝƶƤƐƴƯƶſźƷ
ƶ ŢƟźĭƭŚŬƳřƶŝŚƄƯšŹƺƇ
Źŵ ƱŚƯŻ źě ƶƳřŵƱŶƃ
ŚƷ ĭ ǀ ƱŚƷŚ īźŝŚŝ ƵŵƺƫōƽŚƷ ƶŝ
ƶƴĩ ƽ ƹŵƲţŹŚţ ƶºĪƫ ř ƽ
ƕŹřżºƯŻřƶºĩ
ŝƺƫ ǀŚ ƽ ƖưūƶƤƐƴƯƱŚưƷŹŵƵŵƺƫō
ƶƬºƇŚƟŚŝƹƽŹƹō
ƽ ƹŚƀºƯ ƽ ƞºƿŵŹƩƺºƏŹŵ
ƵŵřŵŹřźºƣŚºƷ
ƾƯ Ŷƃ ŶƳ
(Bynum et al., 2004a, 2004b)
ƶƴĩƶŝ ƽ ƫƹŵ ƶºĪ ř ƽ ŵƺºƫō Ƶ ŶƳŶºƃ ºƿ ŻřŶºƘŝƶºŤƠƷĨ
ÔÏ ƱřŹŚƨưƷƹƾŞſŚưƸƏ
ŢƯƹŚƤƯƾſŹźŝ æî
ĚǀţƺƳĥ ƶƴƧƶŝŚǀŝƺƫ ƲţŹŚţƽ ƶƨƫƹŵ ƽř
ĭŵƺƫō ƾ
ƶƳƺưƳƹŵ ĭ ǀź ƽ ƶƬƇŚƟƶŝ ƽ ŢƟźĭƭŚŬƳřŻƹŹƵŵ
ƶºƳƺưƳźƷŹŵ ĭ
ºǀ ź ƽ æÒ źºƷŻřīźºŝ
ƟŵŚƈţŹƺƏƶŝƞƿŵŹ ƾ
Ɩưū Źƹō ƽ ŵźĭ ƿŶ Ƭĩ ǀƶ ƽ ƶƳƺưƳ Źřŵźŝ ƽ řƹřŹŵŚƷ ƿ ŸěƭŚŬƳřŮŞƇƪ ƿ
ŢƟź
ƶƳƺưƳźƷƭŚưţřŻřžě
Źřŵźŝ ƽ īźŝ
ƹŹŵƶƳŚĭřŶūšŹƺƇƶŝŚƷ ĩƱ
ǀ ƶƀ ŚƷ ƽ ŤſLjě ǀĪ ƾ ƵŵřŵŹřźºƣ
ƶºŝŚūƶŝƶūƺţŚŝƹŶƳŶƃ
ŗŚºū ƾ ƶºƴĩ ŚºƷ ƽ ƱōƁŹŚưºƃŹŵƩLjŤºųřƹħźºŰŤƯ
īźºŝŚºƷ
ŚºƷ ƽ
Ɩưū Źƹō ƽ šŶƯƶŝƁŹŚưƃŻřƪŞƣƵŶƃ ƿ
ŚƯŵŹŵŢƗŚſĨ ƽ
Ñ ƶūŹŵ ƽ ŽƺǀƀƬǀſ
Źŵ ƿ ƩŚºĤŴ
ƶĮƳ Źřŵ ƽ ŝŚŝŚţŶƳŶƃ ƾ
Ţĩźů ƶƴĩƱŵƺưƳ
ƱōƁŹŚưƃŚƷ
źƀţŚƷ ƿ ŰƇƹŵŵźĭƖ ǀ
ŬƳřŮ ŵƺºƃƭŚ
řźŝ ƽ ƘưūƁŹŚưƃ ǀ
ƶƴĩƹƮŴţŢ
ƽ ƵŵŚƯ ƽ ƚƫŚŝ
Żř ƿ ŹŵŚĩĨ Ñ ŤƳŚſ ƾ ƘŝźƯźŤƯ ƾ řƺƤƯ ƾƿ ƵŵŚƠŤſř
Ŷƃ ŹřźƣŚŝ ƯŢưƀƣŹŵŹŵŚĩƱŵřŵ ǀƳŚ
ƾ ƹŹžĜºſƹŢƄě ƽ
ƟźºƏŹŵīźºŝ ǀ
ƬºƇřīźºŞĭŹƲ ƾ
ƘưūƁŹŚưƃ ǀ
ƮŴţŢ ƶºƴĩŵřŶƘţƹ
ƽ ƵŵŚºƯ ƽ ƚƫŚºŝ ŻŹŵ ºƿ źŤſřź ƿ Ưƺ ǀ ŶºƃƭŚºŬƳřęƺĪºſƹźĪ
(Bynum et al., 2004a; Baradaran et al., 2007; Labanowska, 2007)
řƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ ƿ
ŸƜţƶĪƴ ƿƶ ƽ ƶƴĩ ƽ ƹŵ ƶĪƫ ř ƽ řŜºūƺƯīźŝŻř ƿ
ƵŻƹźºĪƳƹƵźºƬĩŵƍŚºƤƳŵŚºŬ
Ư ƾ ŵŵźĭ
ř ƿ ŚŝšŹŚƀųƲ ƿ
ƤƯĨ ǀ ŽŚ Ó æ ƵŻřŶƳř ĭ ǀź ƽ ƤƯƱōŹŵƶĩŶƃ ǀ
ŽŚ æ ƿ ºƴƘ ƾ īźºŝ ŚºƷ
ƤƯšŹŚƀųƮŗLjƗƱƹŶŝ ǀ
ŽŚ ç ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ŻřźŤưĩ Ò ŶƇŹŵ ƤƯƵŶƃƵŻƹźĪƳīźŝŮƐſ ǀ
ŽŚ è ƿ ƴƘ ƾ
çÒ Ò ƤƯƵŶƃƵŻƹźĪƳīźŝŮƐſŶƇŹŵ ǀ
ŽŚ Ñ ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ÑÒ çÓ
ƵŶƃƵŻƹźĪƳīźŝŮƐſŶƇŹŵ
ƤƯ ǀ ŽŚ Ò ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ÓÒ ÑÓ ƤƯƹƵŶƃƵŻƹźĪƳīźŝŮƐſŶƇŹŵ ǀ
ŽŚ Ó ƿ ºƴƘ ƾ ºŝ ǀ ŻřƂ ÓÒ ŶºƇŹŵ
ƵŶƃƵŻƹźĪƳīźŝŮƐſ
Ţſř ţƺƳĥ ǀ Ě ŚƷ ƾƿ ƤƯƶĩ ǀ źƷŚƓšŹŚƀųŽŚ ƽ
Ʊō ŻřźºŤưĩŚºƷ ç
ºŝ ŵƺ
ƶŝ ƭƹŚƤƯƱřƺƴƗ
Ò ç ç Ƴǀ ƶư
ƭƹŚƤƯ è Ò ç Ƴǀ ƶư ƤƯƹŽŚƀů ǀ
ŝŽŚ ǀ ŻřźŤƄ è ƶŝ ŹŵŽŚƀůƱřƺƴƗ
ŶƳŶƃƶŤƟźĭźƔƳ
(Smith, 2005; Yousefi & Dori, 2006)
ƖưūŻřžě
Źƹō ƽ Ƶŵřŵ ƬĩŹŵŚƷ ǀƶ ƽ
ƢƏŚƴƯ Ƶŵřŵ ŚƷ ƽ ƶƳƺưƳƹŵ ĭ ǀź ƽ řźŝ ƽ ţƺƳĥźºƷ ºǀ ŚºŝĚ
ƿ ŶĪ ƿ ƖưūźĮ Ŷƃ
Ưƹ ǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ ƪĩŵřŶƘţƲ ƶƴĩ
ƽ ƵŵŚƯ ƽ řźŝƮŴţƹƚƫŚŝ ƽ
ţƺƳĥźƷ ǀ ŹřźºĪţƶſŹŵĚ
ŵŹƺƯ żŬţ ƿƶ ƹ ƬŰţ ǀ ƪ ŚƷ ƽ ŹŚƯōƞƬŤŴƯ ƽ
ºƴĮưƷƱƺºƯŻōƪƯŚºƃ ƾ
ŢºƬţŹŚŝ
żŬţ ºƿ ƶ ƽ Źřƹ ºƿ žƳŚ
ŚƤƯƹŜĩźƯ ƿ
ƶƀ ƽ Ư ǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ ƲĪƳřŵƁƹŹƶŝƲ ŢƟźĭŹřźƣ
ƱŚƿŚºƃ ƭŚºŬƳřŻřƪºŞƣƶºĩŢºſřźºĩŷ
żŬţ ƿƶ ƽ Źřƹ ƿ žƳŚ
ƶŝ ƩŚƯźƳŹƺƔƴƯ
ƵŵřŵƱŵźĩ ŶŞţŻřŚƷ ƿ ƪ
log (x+1)
řźºŝ ƽ Ƶŵřŵ ŚºƷ ƽ
ƶºƴĩŵřŶºƘţ
ƯƹƮŴţŵřŶƘţ ǀ
ŶƃƵŵŚƠŤſřšŹŚƀųƱřż
(Labanowska, 2007
ƴĤưƷ ǀ Ʋ
řŹŵ ƿ ŚƯŻōƲ ƿ ŝŻřƂ ǀ Ʋ
æî ţƺƳĥ ǀ ſŹźŝŵŹƺƯĚ ƾ
ţƺƳĥ
ǀ ſŚƀºůƑŚºŰƫƶºŝźŤųřĚ ǀ
LJŚºŝŢ ƽ ƶŤųŚƴºƃ ƶºƴĩƶºŝƵŶºƃ
ƽ
ƶƯŚƳ ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ
ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ èå
ç
ÎÐÕî
ÔÐ
ƶĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ
et al., 2004)
Dori
ƶŝ ţƺƳĥƱřƺƴƗ ǀ
ŹřŶƳŚŤſřŽŚƀůĚ ŢºƯƹŚƤƯƹŶƃƶŤƟźĭźƔƳŹŵŵ
ŞƀƳ ƾ Śſ ƿ ţƺƳĥź ǀ Ě řŚŝŚƷ ƿ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ ƶƤƐƴƯƶſźƷŹŵĚ
ŚƤƯŵŹƺºƯ ºƿ
ŢºƟźĭŹřźºƣƶƀ
řźºŝ ƽ ř ºƿ Ʋ
ƶƴĩŵřŶƘţŹƺƔƴƯ
ƽ ƵŵŚƯ ƽ ţƺƳĥźƷŹŵƮŴţƹƚƫŚŝ ǀ
ţƺƳĥƶŝŢŞƀƳŶƇŹŵšŹƺƇƶŝĚ ǀ
ŶƷŚºƃĚ
ŵźĭƶŞſŚŰƯŵŹřŶƳŚŤſř ƿ
Ŷ
.(Shanks et al., 1995)
ƹŪƿŚŤƳ ŦŰŝ
řŹŵ ƿ ŚƯŻōƲ ƿ ţƺƳĥźŧřƂ ǀ
Ě ŰƯ ǀ ţƺƳĥƹƎ ǀ ºŰƯŹŵĚ ǀ
řźºŝƎ ƽ Ƭĩ ºǀ ƶ ƽ ºƴƘƯšŚƠºƇ ƾ
Źřŵ
ŵźĭ ƿŶ ƩƹŶū æ ƴƘƯšƹŚƠţŵƺūƹ ƾ
ŝŹřŵ ǀ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ Ě ƱŚƄƳŚƷ ƵŶƴƷŵ ƽ ŤƳĥƕƺƴţŵƺūƹ ǀĪ
ƾ ƟŚĩ ƾ
ŝŹŵ ǀ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ Ě ŚƷ ƽ śŚŴŤƳř řźŝƵŶƃ ƽ ƶƴĩƶŝŢƯƹŚƤƯ
ƽ ƶĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ Ư ƾ ŶƃŚŝ ƪºŝŚƤŤƯźºŧřŵƺºūƹ
ţƺƳĥ ǀ ŰƯŹŵĚ ǀ
ƳƎ ǀ ƯƱŚƄƳż ƾ ţƺƳĥƶĩŶƷŵ ǀ
Ě ŰƯŹŵŚƷ ǀ Ǝ ŚºƷ ƽ ţƹŚºƠŤƯŢºƯƹŚƤƯƞºƬŤŴƯ ƾ
Żř
ƵŵřŵƱŚƄƳŵƺų
ţƺƳĥƂƴĪưƷźŝƹŶƳř ǀ
ŰƯŚŝĚ ǀ Ǝ ŝǀ ţƺ ǀ Ě ŚƷ ƽ ŰƯƪºƯřƺƗƹŢºƟō ǀ
ºƐ ƾ źºƷŹŵ
ƶƤƐƴƯ
ŚƸƳŹŵƶĩ ƿ ŢƯƹŚƤƯŲſŚěƶŝźŬƴƯŢ ƿ
ſŚƀůŚ ǀ ƯŢ ƾ šƹŚºƠŤƯƞƬŤŴƯƢƏŚƴƯŹŵŵŵźĭ
ŢſřƵŵƺŝ
ƴģ ǀ ƴƘƯƪŝŚƤŤƯźŧřƲ ƾ
ŵ Źř ƽ ŶºƴģŹŵ ƿ ƶºƴĩšřźºŧřƶºĩƶºƘƫŚƐƯƲ
ƽ ƶºĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ ŹŵřŹ
Ŷƴģ ƿ ƶƤƐƴƯƲ ƿ
ƹŹŹŵƩŚſŚ ƽ
ĭ ǀ ºſŹźŝƞºƬŤŴƯƱŚºƷŚ ƾ
ƵŵƺºưƳ ŵźĭƵŶƷŚƄºƯŶºƳř ºƿ
ŢºſřƵŶ
(Bynum et al., 2004a, 2004b; Shanks et al., 1995; Labanowska, 2007)
ƶºƤƐƴƯŹŵ ƽ ºưų ǀ Ʋ
ŵřŶƘţ ƽ ţƺƳĥŻř ǀ Ě ŚƤƯŹŵŚƷ ƿ ţƺƳĥŚŝƶƀ ǀ
ŶƷŚƃĚ źŤųř ſŚƀů
ǀ ŝŢ ǀ źŤƄ ƽ ƶƴĩƶŝ ƽ ƶºĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ
ŶƳŵřŵƱŚƄƳŵƺųŻř
ƩƹŶū Ñ
ƬĩũźĩƹŵźūƹźŝƢƏŚƴƯŹŵƶĪƳōƩŚů ǀƶ
ƽ ţƺƳĥ ǀ Ě ƶŝŚƷ ƑŚŰƫ
ƶƴĩŵřŶƘţƹƮŴţŵřŶƘţ
ƽ ƵŵŚƯ ƽ ŝŢƯƹŚƤƯƚƫŚŝ ǀ
źŤƄ ƽ ţƺƳĥƶŝŢŞƀƳ ǀ
ŶƴŤƃřŵŶƷŚƃĚ
ƩƹřŶū
ç ƹ è ţƺƳĥƂƴĩřƹŵŹřƺƯźŨĩřŹŵƹ ǀ
řŹŵĚ ƿ ŵƲ ƀŝƶƤƐƴƯƹ ǀ
ƶŝŚƄƯŹŚ ƶƤƐƴƯŻřźţ
ƽ ưų ǀ Ʋ ŵƺŝ
ƶưƷƕƺưŬƯŹŵ
ƽ ŹŵƢƏŚƴƯ æ
Ñç ƮºŴţŵřŶƘţŵŹřƺƯŻřŶƇŹŵ
ŚºƷ ƽ ƁŹŚưºƃ ŹŵƹƵŶºƃ
è èè ƶƴĩŵřŶƘţŵŹřƺƯŻřŶƇŹŵ
ŚƷ ƽ ŻřźŤưĩƚƫŚŝ ƿ
Ĩ ƁŹŚưƃŵřŶƘţƭƺſ
ƹŹŹŵƵŶƃ ƽ
ţƺƳĥ ºǀ Ě
ŵƺŝƶƤƐƴƯƱŚưƷŹŵŶƷŚƃ
Źŵƹ ì ƮŴţŵřŶƘţŵŹřƺƯŻřŶƇŹŵ
ŚºƷ ƽ ƁŹŚưºƃ ŹŵƹƵŶºƃ ÒÓ
çÑ
ƶƴĩŵřŶƘţŵŹřƺƯŻřŶƇŹŵ
ŚƷ ƽ ƚƫŚŝ ŝǀ ƁŹŚưºƃŵřŶƘţŻřƂ
ƹŹŹŵƵŶºƃ ƽ
ţƺƳĥ ºǀ ŵƺºŝŶƷŚºƃĚ
Ƭĩ ǀƶ ƽ řƿ ƶƤƐƴƯŹŵŵŹřƺƯƲ
ƽ ưų ǀ ŵźĭƵŶƷŚƄƯƲ ƿŶ
řƶºŝƶūƺţŚŝ ºƿ
Ʋ Ưƶºĩ ºǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ ĭŵƺºƫōƲ ƾ Źŵ
ƶƤƐƴƯ ƽ ưų ǀ ŝƲ ǀ ƶƤƐƴƯƹŵŻřƂ
ƽ ŵ ƿ źĮ ŵƺŝ
ƴģŹŵ ǀ ĭŵƺƫōƲ ƾ LJŚŝ ƾƿ ƹŚƤƯ ŞƀƳŢƯ ƾ ƀŝ ǀ ŹŚ ƽ Żř
ÔÑ ƱřŹŚƨưƷƹƾŞſŚưƸƏ
ŢƯƹŚƤƯƾſŹźŝ æî
ĚǀţƺƳĥ ƶƴƧƶŝŚǀŝƺƫ ƲţŹŚţƽ ƶƨƫƹŵ ƽř
ţƺƳĥ ǀ Ě ŚƤƯŹŵŚƷ ƿ ţƺƳĥŚŝƶƀ ǀ
ŶƃƶŤƀĪƃŶƷŚƃĚ
řźŝŚƴŝ ƿ Ʋ
ř ƿ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ Ě ŚŝŚƷ ƿ Ťƀ ƾ ƶƯŚƳźŝŻř ŚƷ ƽ
ůLjƇř ƾ ŶƘŝ ƽ ŶƳŵźĭƝŸů
ƩƹŶū Î żŬţ ƿƶ ƽ Źřƹ ƿ žƳŚ ŜĩźƯ ƹ šŚƠºƇŢºƬţŹŚŝƱƺºƯŻō ƶºƴĩƶºŝŢºƯƹŚƤƯŚºŝƎŞţźºƯ
ƽ
ƶĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ ŝƺƫƭŚƣŹřŹŵ ǀ
Ś Źŵ
ũźĩ ƹŵźūƹźŝ
ưų ǀ Ʋ
Table 1. Combined analysis and Bartlet's test of different traits that related to two-spotted spider mite resistance in common bean genotypes at Karaj, Brojerd and Khomein.
MS
Damage score Number of eggs
Number of mites df
Source of variation
0.121**
0.318**
4.097**
2 Environment
0.044 0.0075
0.086 6
Rep (Environment)
0.036**
0.0042* 0.060**
18 Variety
0.017**
0.0039**
0.052**
36 Variety × Environment
0.0073 0.0023
0.027 108
Error
÷2 = 5.328 ns
÷2 = 3.62 ns
÷2 = 4.588 ns Results of Bartlet's test
** Significant at 1%; ns: non-significant.
Żř æî ţƺƳĥ ǀ ſŹźŝŵŹƺƯĚ ƾ
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ţƺƳĥ ǀ ŵƺŝźŤųřĚ
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ŹƹŹŚºŝƮºƷƹŌŚƤŝ ƽ
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ƶĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ ƠƴƯźŧř ƾ ŶƃŚŝƶŤƃřŵ
řƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ ƿ
Ʋ řƶĩ ƿ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ ŤƀƳřƺţĚ ƶ
ŞƀƳŢƯƹŚƤƯ ƾ
ŹŵřŹŵƺų
ƶƤƐƴƯ ƽ ưų ǀ ƶƤƐƴƯƹŵŹŵƹŶƴĩƒƠůƲ
ƽ ŵ ƿ ƳźĮ ǀ ƘƋƹż ǀ ŞƀƳŢ ƾ ŝƺų ƾ ƵŵřŵƱŚƄºƳŵƺºųŻř
ƯŢſř ƾ ƺţ ƭƹŚƤƯƱřƺƴƗƶŝřŹƱōƱř
źţ ƿ ŚěƲưƋŹŵƹƲ ƿ
ŹřŶ źţ ƿ ţƺƳĥƲ ǀ řŹŵĚ ƿ ŚƯŻōƲ ƿ ƟźƘƯƂ ƾ
ŵźĩ ƤƯƑŚŰƫŻř ǀ
ưƄģšŹŚƀųŽŚ ƾ
ţƺƳĥƵŵŚƠŤſřŵŹƺƯ ºǀ
Ě
Ks41128
ƶºƤƐƴƯŹŵ ƽ ºưų ǀ ƹƲ
ƳƂƴĩřƹŵźūƹźŝ ǀ
ƶư ƭƹŚƤƯ
ƾƫƹ ƶƤƐƴƯŹŵ ƽ ƯŚŝũźĩ ǀ
ĮƳŚ ǀ Ʋ ÓÓ ç ƳƂƴĩřƹ
ǀ ƶư ŢºƃřŵŽŚƀů
ƶŤŞƫř ƾƯ ŚƃřƾŤƀƿŚŝ ƶƧŵƺƃƵŹ
ƌƘŝŹŵ ƾ Żř ĚǀţƺƳĥ
ŚƷ ƶŝ ţƺƳĥƩŚŨƯƱřƺƴƗ ǀ
Ě ƽŚºƷ
Jules
ºƇƹ ǀ ŵŚ
ƶƤƐƴƯŹŵ ƽ ưų ǀ řŚŝƲ ƿ Ʋ ƮŴţŵřŶƘţƶĩ
ŚƷ ƶƴƧƹ ƽŚƷ ƁŹŚưƃ ƹŹŹŵƵŶƃ ƽ
Ʊō ŚƷ ƶŝ Ŝǀţźţ ºŝǀ Ƃ
ƶƯŚƳ ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ
ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ èå
ç
ÎÐÕî
ÔÒ
ƹ ŝǀ ŻřƂ Òå ƁŹŚưƃŵřŶƘţŶƇŹŵ
ƹŹŹŵƵŶƃ ƽ
ţƺƳĥ ǀ ƳƂƴºĩřƹŵƺŝźŤųřĚ ǀ
ƶºư řźºŝƭƹŚºƤƯ ƽ
Ʊō ŶƃŢŞŧŚƷ
ƩƹřŶū ç
è ƹ Ñ
ƩƹŶū Ï ŵřŶƘţ ƪĩ ƶƴĩ ƹ ƮŴţ īźŝŹŵ
ƹ ƤƯ ǀ šŹŚƀųŽŚ æî
ţƺƳĥ ǀ ŝƺƫĚ ºǀ Ś ƵŹƹŵƩƺºƏŹŵ
ƽ
ŻŹř ƿŝŚ ƾ Źŵ ƶƤƐƴƯ ƽ ũźĩ
Table 2. Total number of mites and eggs per leaf, and damage score on 19 common bean genotypes during the evaluation periods at Karaj.
Resistance reaction Damage
score of
Akhtar Eggs / Leaf
of Akhtar Mites / Leaf
Genotype
MS 2.66
9.41 3.20f
22.90 1.82cde
Daneshkadeh
R 1.66
14.80 5.03def
22.51 1.789e
Naz
MR 2.33
32.06 10.90bcde
40.35 3.20cde
Ks41134
MR 2.33
20.64 7.02cdef
47.096 3.74bcde
COS-16
MR 2.66
31.75 10.80bcdef
31.23 2.48cde
Ks41128
MS 2.66
36.02 12.25bcde
39.64 3.15cde
Khomein
MR 2.33
26.09 8.87cdef
25.23 2e
Azna
MR 2
26.27 8.93cdef
24.45 1.94de
Gole
MR 2
61.48 20.91b
51.20 4.07bcd
G01437
MS 2.66
30.40 10.33cdef
30.09 2.39cde
Ks21191
MS 2.66
15.38 5.23ef
19.82 1.57e
Jules
MR 2
15.67 5.33def
30.53 2.42cde
G11867
S 3.33
49.08 16.69bcd
58.54 4.65bc
D81083
S 4.33
100 34a
100 7.948a
Akhtar
MR 2
21.15 7.19cdef
12.86 1.02e
Sayad
S 4.66
51.69 17.58bc
62.21 4.94b
Derakhshan
MR 2.33
22.27 7.57cdef
17.90 1.423e
74Emerson
S 3
29.85 10.15cdef
42.24 3.357cde
Ks21189
MR 2
38.77 13.187bcdef
27.42 2.18cde
AND1007
10.96 2.95
Mean
R, S, MR and MS represent resistance, susceptible, moderate resistance and moderate susceptible, respectively.
ƯźƔƳƶŝ ƾ
ŶſŹ ƤƯ ǀ ŵŹƺƯšŹŚƀųŽŚ
ƶģźĭřźƔƳ ƿ
ƤƯĨ ǀ řźŝƩƹřŶŤƯŽŚ ƽ
Ƙţ ǀǀ ƯƲ ºǀ Ʊřż
ĭƶŝƵŶƃƵŵŹřƹšŹŚƀų ǀ
ƶƴĩƎſƺţƵŚ
ƽ ƲţŹŚţ ƶĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ Ţºſř
(Bynum et al., 2004a, 2004b;
Smith, 2005; Yousefi & Dori, 2006)
ºƫƹ ƾ ưƄºģƑŚºŰƫƶºŝ ƾ
ŹřŵŹƺºųźŝƭŻLJŢºƣŵŻřƱŵƺºŝ
ưƳ ƾ ŶƃŚŝ
(Tahmasebi et al., 2009)
ƹ Śŝ ƿ Ťƀ ƾ ƁƹŹŻř ŚƷ ƽ Ŷū ºƿ ƣŵƹźţŶ ºǀ Ƣ ŵźºĩƵŵŚƠŤºſřźºţ
ƴĤưƷ ǀ řƶŝƶūƺţŚŝƲ ƿ
Ʋ ţƺƳĥŢſřƲĪưƯƶĩ ǀ
Ě ŚƷ ƿ ƾ ƀºƳŚŤěƶºĩŶƴºƃŚŝƶŤºƃřŵŵƺūƹ ǀ
źºŤƸŝƪ ƽ
ţƺƳĥƶŝŢŞƀƳ ǀ
Ě ŚƷ ƽ ſŹźŝŵŹƺƯ ƾ
řŹŵ ƿ ŚƯŻōƲ ƿ ƶƴĩƶŝŢƯƹŚƤƯƑŚŰƫŻřƂ
ƽ ƶºĪƫƹŵ ř ƽ ƶŤºƃřŵ
ÔÓ ƱřŹŚƨưƷƹƾŞſŚưƸƏ
ŢƯƹŚƤƯƾſŹźŝ æî
ĚǀţƺƳĥ ƶƴƧƶŝŚǀŝƺƫ ƲţŹŚţƽ ƶƨƫƹŵ ƽř
ŶƴƃŚŝ
ŹƹźƋ ƽ ŝŵřŶƘţŢſř ǀ
źŤƄ ƽ ţƺƳĥŻř ǀ Ě ŚºƷ ƽ ŝƺƫ ºǀ ƩŚºſŹŵŚ
ŵŹƺºƯŵŶºƘŤƯƢƏŚºƴƯƹŚºƷ
ŻŹř ƿŝŚ ƾ ĭŹřźƣ ǀ ŶƳź
ƩƹŶū Ð ŵřŶƘţ ƪĩ ƶƴĩ ƹ ƮŴţ īźŝŹŵ
ƹ šŹŚƀųŽŚǀƤƯ æî
ŚºǀŝƺƫĚǀţƺƳĥ ƵŹƹŵƩƺºƏŹŵ
ƽ
ƾŝŚƿŻŹř Źŵ ƶƤƐƴƯ ƽ ŵźūƹźŝ
Table 3. Total number of mites and eggs per leaf, and damage score on 19 common bean genotypes during the evaluation periods at Brojerd.
Resistance reaction Damage
score of
Akhtar Eggs / Leaf
of Akhtar Mites / Leaf
Genotype
MR 2.33
26.74 13.06abc
15.245 0.42a
Daneshkadeh
MR 2.33
18.28 8.93bc
65.69 1.81a
Naz
MS 2.66
38.12 18.62abc
39.85 1.098a
Ks41134
S 3
25.94 12.67abc
23.95 0.66a
COS-16
MR 2
16.83 8.22bc
19.23 0.53a
Ks41128
S 3.33
23.48 11.47abc
64.21 1.769a
Khomein
MS 2.66
26 13.02abc
49.72 1.37a
Azna
MR 2.33
36.22 17.69abc
47.18 1.3a
Gole
MS 2.66
25.9 12.62abc
31.57 0.87a
G01437
MS 2.66
18.55 9.06bc
20.65 0.569a
Ks21191
MS 2.5
25.47 12.44abc
36.29 1a
Jules
S 3
55.58 27.15abc
56.62 1.56a
G11867
S 4.33
29.56 14.44abc
48.27 1.33a
D81083
S 5
100 48.84a
100 2.755a
Akhtar
S 3
93.12 45.48a
76.58 2.11a
Sayad
S 5
36 18abc
33.06 0.911a
Derakhshan
S 3
26.47 12.93abc
22.14 0.61a
74Emerson
S 3.5
8.92 4.36c
23.954 0.66a
Ks21189
MS 2.66
89.72 43.82abc
95.09 2.62a
AND1007
18.56 1.26
Mean
R, S, MR and MS represent resistance, susceptible, moderate resistance and moderate susceptible, respectively.
ƩƹŶū Ñ ŵřŶƘţ ƪĩ ƶƴĩ ƹ ƮŴţ īźŝŹŵ
ƹ ƤƯ ǀ šŹŚƀųŽŚ
æî ţƺƳĥ ǀ ŝƺƫĚ ºǀ Ś ƵŹƹŵƩƺºƏŹŵ
ƽ
ŻŹř ƿŝŚ ƾ Źŵ ƶƤƐƴƯ ƽ ưų ǀ Ʋ
Table 4. Total number of mites and eggs per leaf, and damage score on 19 common bean genotypes during the evaluation periods at Khomein.
Resistance reaction Damage
score Akhtar of
Eggs / Leaf of
Akhtar Mites / Leaf
Genotype
MR 2
97.72 21.5de
98.38 8.910ab
Daneshkadeh
S 3.66
159.09 35bcde
45.49 4.1198bc
Naz
MR 2.49
66.41 14.61068e
34.18 3.095c
Ks41134
ƶƯŚƳ ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ
ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ èå
ç
ÎÐÕî
ÔÔ
ƩƹŶū Ñ ƶƯřŵř
Table 4. Continued.
Resistance reaction Damage
score of
Akhtar Eggs / Leaf
of Akhtar Mites / Leaf
Genotype
S 3
250 55ab
131.5 11.918a
COS-16
MR 2.33
46.74 10.28349e
17.93 1.624c
Ks41128
S 4.66
102.27 22.5de
61.67 5.58bc
Khomein
MS 2.66
259.09 57ab
70.86 6.4178bc
Azna
MS 2.66
225 49.5abc
56.71 5.136bc
Gole
S 3.66
154.54 34bcde
102.47 9.28ab
G01437
MS 2.66
111.36 24.5de
81.82 7.41abc
Ks21191
MR 2
163.63 36bcde
65.59 5.93bc
Jules
S 3
334.09 73.5a
126.23 11.43a
G11867
MR 2
250 55ab
105.08 9.516ab
D81083
S 4.66
100 22de
100 9.056ab
Akhtar
MR 2
186.36 41bcd
87.52 7.926abc
Sayad
S 4.9
113.63 25cde
79.35 7.18bc
Derakhshan
S 3
122.72 27cde
46.89 4.24bc
74Emerson
MR 2
72.72 16e
47.40 4.29bc
Ks21189
S 3.66
143.18 31.5bcde
36.82 3.335c
AND1007
34.26 6.65
Mean
R, S, MR and MS represent resistance, susceptible, moderate resistance and moderate susceptible, respectively.
ƖŝŚƴƯ
Aydemir, M. & Torus, S. (1992) The effect of different bean varieties on the life duration and egg productivity of Tetranychus urticae. Proceedings of 2nd Turkish National Congress of Entomology, 145-155.
Baradaran, P., Arbabi, M. & Shafi, R. (2007) Study on different egg-plant cultivars for infection to two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in Varamin region. Nahal va Bazr 23, 15-29. [In Persian].
Bynum, E. D., Xu, W. & Archer, T. L. (2004a) Diallel analysis of spider mite resistance maize inbred lines and F1 crosses. Crop Science 44, 1535-1549.
Bynum, E. D., Xu, W. & Archer, T. L. (2004b) Potential efficacy of spider mite resistance genes in maize testcross. Crop Protection 23, 625-634.
Dori, H. R., Lak, M. R. & Bani Jamali, M. (2004) Common bean (from planting to harvesting). Promotional and Educational Bulletin of Markazi Province, Jihad-e- Agriculture Organization 305, 27-28. [In Persian].
Flexner, J. L., Westigard, P. H., Hilton, R. & Croft, B. A. (1995) Experimental evaluation of resistance: management for two-spotted spider mite on southern Oregon pear.
Journal of Economic Entomology 87, 167-170.
ÔÕ ƱřŹŚƨưƷƹƾŞſŚưƸƏ
ŢƯƹŚƤƯƾſŹźŝ æî
ĚǀţƺƳĥ ƶƴƧƶŝŚǀŝƺƫ ƲţŹŚţƽ ƶƨƫƹŵ ƽř
Impe, G. V. & Hance, T. (1993) A technique for testing varietal susceptibility to the mite (Tetranychus urticae) application to bean, cucumber, tomato, strawberry. Agronomie 13(8), 739-749.
Labanowska, B. (2007) Susceptibility of strawberry cultivars to the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 15, 133-146.
Melotto, M., Monteiro-vitorello, C. B., Bruschi A. G. & Camargo L. E. A. (2005) Comparative bioinformatics analysis of genes expressed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Genome 48, 562-570.
Polis, G. A. (1973) Phaseolus. 124 pp. Uneversity of Kentuky Press.
Saedi, Z. & Arbabi, S. (2007) Effectiveness of 12 pesticides against two infestation levels of bean fields by Tetranychus urticae Koch in Lordegan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 76, 25-31. [In Persian].
Saeidi, Z. & Salehi, F. (2004) Study on the resistance of 7 lines, selected from Lordegan chiti bean variety, to two-spotted spider mite. Proceedings of 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Vol. I, Pests, p. 271.
Shanks, C., Chandler, C., Show, E. & Moore, P. (1995) Fragaria resistance to spider mites at three locations in the United states. Horticulture Science 30(5), 1068-1069.
Smith, C. (2005) Plant resistance to arthropods, molecular and conventional approaches.
423 pp. Springer Publisher.
Tahmasebi, Z., Bihamta, M., Hoseinzadeh, A. H., Saboori, A. R., Kosari, A. A. & Dori, H. R. (2009) Response of common bean genotypes to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in greenhouse and field. Nahal va Bazr 25-1(2), 329-348.
[In Persian].
Yousefi, M. & Dori, H. R. (2006) Evaluation of resistance of chiti bean genotypes to two- spotted spider mite in field and greenhouse conditions.. Proceedings of the 1st Iranian Pulse Crops Symposium, 429-432. [In Persian].
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