ﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۴۵ ﺎﺗ ۵۲
٤٥
ﺯﺭﺍ ﯽﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﮐﺮﺗ
ﻴ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻭ
ﮒﺮﮔ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ )
Canis lupus (
ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺎﺑ
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻦﺴﺣ ﻩﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ
۱ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ، ﻠﺑﺎﮐ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
۲ﻲ ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ، ﻱ
۱* ﻭ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ
۱ﻱ
ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ۱
ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ۲
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۵ / ۱۰ / ۱۳۸۹
، ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۳ / ۳ / ۱۳۹۰ (
ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﻏ ﺖ ﻴ ﻟﻮﺻﺍ ﺮ ﻲ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻱ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺪﻏﺮﻣ ﻩﮋ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺮﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺷﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪ
ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻳ ﺣ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺍﻳ ﻃﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺣ ﻴ ﻣ ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎ ﻲ
ﻐﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻴﻴ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺮ ﻲﻳ
ﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺗﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱ
ﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻴﻴ ﺕﺍﺮ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻫﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﻲ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ . ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﻜ ﻲ ﺿﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﻪ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲ
ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻛﺮﺗ ﺮ ﻴ ﺯﺎﺳﺎﻫﺭ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻱ
ﻏ ﻴ ﻟﻮﺻﺍ ﺮ ﻲ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻳ
ﻦ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻛﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻱ
ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﮒﺮﮔ ﺩ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﮕ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺴ .
ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ ۵
ﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻲ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻭ ﺮ ۵ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ -
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ۳
ﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻲ
۲ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺭ ۳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺭ ﻳ
ﺮﺘﻣ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮏ
ﮐﺮﺗ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺐﻌﮑﻣ ﻴ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺐ ﻲ
ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ،ﮏﺸﺧ ﻴ
ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ -
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ t
ﻱ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎ ﻲ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ ﻴ ﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻩﺩﺎﻔ
ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺍ ﺞ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ ﻴ
ﺪﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻴ ﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻴ
ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ ﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺶ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺮ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦ ﺪﺷﺎ
. ﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻲ
ﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲ
ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ،ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻳ
ﻃﺮﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺶ ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﻮﺧ ، ﻴ
ﮓﺳ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮕﻟﻭ ﻳ
ﺖ
ﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﺑ ﻴ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻦ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻫ ﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺯ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻳ
ﻣ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦ
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺍ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ : Canis lupus ﮐﺮﺗ ،
ﻴ ﻃﺮﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 09370312538
ﺲﻛﺎﻓ : ۰۲۶۳۲۲۴۵۹۰۸ E-mail: [email protected]
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ
ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺑﺎ ...
٤٦
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺩ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻲ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ
ﺪﻬﺗ ﻳ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﻮﺨﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺠ ﻴ ﺪﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖ ﻳ
ﺗﺍﺪ ﻲ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ
) Cowan, 1971; Gunther, 2001; Bath and Enck,
2003; Beckmann and Lackey; 2008)
ﺯﺍ .(
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
ﻻﺩ ﻳ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻞ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺗﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ
) Canis lupus
ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ (
ﻲ ﺪﻣ ، ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺖ
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
) Warkentin, 1989 (
ﻃﺮﺷ ،
ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ
١ﻲﻳ ﻥﺩﺮﮐﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺣ ٢
ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ
) Kellert, 1980
ﻣ (
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺪﭘ ﻳ ﻃﺮﺷ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ ﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻴ
ﻪﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﭼ
ﻴ ﺭﺍﻮﺧﺰ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻲ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﻴ
ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺒﻃ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﺯ ﻳ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﻳ
ﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻲ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺑﺎ
) Tompa, 1987
ﺍ ﺭﺩ .(
ﻳ ﺣ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﻮ
ﺒﻃ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺭﺎ ﻲ
ﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺍ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
) Zimmerman et al., 2006
.(
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻦ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻂ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺍﺭ
ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻃ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻲ
ﺪﻨﮐ
) Rutherglen and Herbison, 1998
ﺍ ﺭﺩ .(
ﻳ ﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦ ﻲ
-
ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
(1976)
ﻭ Cole Anon (1996)
ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﺳ ﺱﺮﺧ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻴ
ﻩﺎ
) Ursus thibetanus
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ (
ﻲ
ﺒﻤﻠﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎ .
ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻳ ﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ ﻳ
ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦ
ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻱ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻧﻮﮑﺴ
ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﺮﮕ
Mackenzie (1996)
ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻳ
ﺑ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺳ ﺱﺮﺧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺎ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺤﺻ ﺖ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺢ ﻲﻳ
ﻏ ﻴ ﺒﻃﺮ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ) ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ( ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺪﭘ ﻳ ﻃﺮﺷ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺣ ﻴ ﺸﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ
۴ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ :
ﺏﺬﺟ
ﺣ ﻴ ﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺖﻤ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻮﺧ ، ﻴ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮ
ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ
ﻃﺮﺷ ، ﻲ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﺣ ﻴ ﻥﺍﻮ
1 Food conditioning
2 habituation
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﺮ ۳ ﭘ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻴ ﺸ ﻴ ﺮﺑ ﻦ
ﺣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻴ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺶ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ
) Mackenzie, 1996; Kellert,1994
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(
ﻳ ﻦ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺤﺻ ﺖ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺢ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﺧ ﮕﻧ ﻲ ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺣ ﻴ ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﮒﺮﮔ
ﻥﺍﺭﺍﻮﺨﺘﺷﻮﮔ
) Carnivora
ﮓﺳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ (
ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺳ
) Canidae
ﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻭ (
ﻳ ﮓﺳ ﻦ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻥﺎﺳ ﻲ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ .
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂ
ﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺭ
ﻳ ﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻴ
ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ )
Ziaie, 2008
.(
ﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺶ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺍ ﺖ ﻳ ﻓﺮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻲ
ﺑﻴ ﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮕﻨﺳ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ ﺭ ﺍ ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺯﺍ
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻲﻳ
ﻤﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ .
ﺑ ﻟﺩ ﻪ ﻴ ﻞ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻠﻗﺍ ﻂ ﻴ ﻤ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ
،ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ .
ﺍﻳ ﻦ
ﺮﺨﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻳ
ﺪﺷ ﺐ ﻳ ﺴﺑ ﺪ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣ ﻴ ﺕﺎ -
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﺣﻭ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦ .
ﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺮﮕ
ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻱ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ .
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺍ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﻪﮐﺪﻫﺩ ﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻲ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺎ ﻳ ﺶ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ
ﺍﻳ ﻡﺍﺩ ،ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
)
Hamadan Province Environment Authority,
.(2009
ﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻳ
ﻨ ﻪﻜ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ
ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺯﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ .
ﺍ ﻳ ﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﻳ
ﻦ
ﺮﻘﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻳ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺒ ﻳ
ﻥﺎﺴﮑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ .
ﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺭ
ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ
ﺯ ﻳ ﺍ ﺖﺴ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦ ﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ
ﻱ ﻝﺎﺳ ۱۳۸۸ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺍ ﺖ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻮﺗ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﺑﺁﺪﺳﺍ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺁﺭﺩﻮﺒﮐ ،ﻥﺎﮐﺮﺴ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ
ﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۴۵ ﺎﺗ ۵۲
٤٧
ﺑ ﻥﺯﺭ ﻭ ﻴ ﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦ ﺿﺮﻓ
ﻴ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ : ﺪﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻳ ﻩﺪ ﻭﺩ ﮔﺭ ﻪ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﮓﺳ ﻭ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻦ
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﺭﺎﻫ ، ﻱ ﻐﺗ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ، ﻴﻴ ﺯ ﺕﺍﺮ ﻳ ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﻲ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦ
، ﺪﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖ -
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻴ ﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻪﺠ ﻳ
ﺩﺰﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﮏ
ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻲ ﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺖ
ﻲﻟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻣ
ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻒ
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦ
، ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻦ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻳ
ﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻴ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻲ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺩﺮ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻃﺎﻘﻧ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﻡﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻝﺎﺳ ۱۳۸۴ ﺎﻐﻟ ﻳ ﺖ ۱۳۸۹ ﻞﮐ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﺴ ﻲ
ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ،
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦ .
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ۹۰
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻡﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ
ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺕﺪﻣ .
.ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ‐۱ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺍﻳ ﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦ ﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎ
ﻴ ﺖﻌ ﻳ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺏﺎ
٣ﻲ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻭ
ﺍ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻳ ﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺳ ﺕﺎﻤ ﻴ ﺳﺎ ﻲ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ )
ﻞﻜﺷ ۱ .(
ﻥﺯﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻠﻤﺣ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ .
ﺯﺍ ۱۱
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻲﻳ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻥ
ﻪﻛ ﺑ ﻴ ﺸ ﺮﺘ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻦ
ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﭻﻨﭘ ، ﻲ
ﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
3 Global position system
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎ
ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻠﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻪ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻲ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻳ
ﺪﻧﺪ . ﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎ
،ﺪﻫﺎ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺍ ﺖ ﻳ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦ ، ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ ( ، ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻠﺨﺗ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻪ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ، ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﻠﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﻪ
ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ
ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎ ﻳ
ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎ
ﺭﺍﺪﻣﺍﺩ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻱ
ﺕﺎﺠﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﮐ ،
ﺎﻨﺻ ﻳ ﻏ ﻊ ﺍﺬ ﻲﻳ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻪ ﻳ ﺪ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻱ ، ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
-
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ
ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺑﺎ ...
٤٨
ﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻲ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
.
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻞ ﻴ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ -
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻄﻌﺗ ﻴ ﺪﺸﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻢ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺍ ﻱ ﻬﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻴ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪ
ﻠﺨﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﺶ
ﺣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﻭ ﺩﺮﮕﻟﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻳ
ﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻭ ﻦﺘﺧﻮﺳ ﺎ ﻳ
ﮎﺎﺧ ﺮ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﺨﺗ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪ -
ﺍ ﻱ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻌﮑﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮏ
ﺪﺷ . ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﺮﻇ ﻪ
ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺤﻄﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺮﭘ ﻲ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ . ﺯﺍ
ﻥﺁ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺟ ﻴ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭ ﺐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺻﺎﺧ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ
ﻣ ﻲ ﻧﺍﺭﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﻈﻧ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﮔ ،ﻩﺎﺑﻭﺭ ،ﮓﺳ ﺮ ﮒﺮﮔ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ،ﺩﺮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﺮﻇ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ
ﺸﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﮑﻔﺗ ﺮﺗ ﻭ ﮏ
ﻴ ﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﮏ ﻴ
ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ ﺪ . ﻪﮑﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﺷ ،ﺍﻮﻘﻣ ،ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻴ
،ﻪﻟﺎﺨﻧ ﻭ ﮎﺎﺧ ،ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ،ﻪﺸ
ﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺴﻨﻣ ﻴ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﮏ . ﻧ ﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻴ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺰ ﻴ
ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻤ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻳ ) ﺰﺒﺳ ﻳ ﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺠ ﻴ ﻩﻮ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺟ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ( ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ
ﺩﺎﺴﻓ ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮ .
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻪﮑﻨ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ، ﻱ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻴ
ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻤ
ﺳﻮﺳ ﻴ ﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﺲ ﻳ
ﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮ ﻴ ﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﮕ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻳ ﺖﻗﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﺑﻴ ﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻴ
ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ
ﺯﻮﺗ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﺻ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ
ﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ) ﺮﻔﻧ (
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ
ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ) (km
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ) ﺮﻔﻧ (
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻓﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ
ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ) (km
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ
۲۶۴
۱۴۰۰ ۴ ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺩ ۱۶۹۸ ۷۷۵۸ ۴ ﻥﺍﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ۴۴۰
۲۲۰۰ ۵ ﻦﻴﻗﺭﻭﺍ ۵۳۵ ۱۹۷۳ ۳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﻟ
۳۱۵
۱۸۹۰ ۶ ﻥﺎﻳﻭ ۲۴۶ ۱۱۱۹ ۲ ﺩﺮﺠﻨﻫﺩ
۳۵۰
۱۷۸۸ ۳ ﻥﺍﺮﺳﺎﻃ ۱۹۳ ۷۶۰ ۲ ﻍﻼﺑ ﻕﺁ
۴۰۸
۲۱۴۵ ۳ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺭﻮﮐ ۲۴۷۵ ۱۲۳۷۴ ۵ ﻦﻴﺠﻟﻻ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻦ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ
SPSS 15.0
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
. ﻤﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻠﮐ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
٤ﻑﻮﻧﺮ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥ
ﻟ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
٥ﻥﻮ ﻪﺑ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﺲﻧﺎ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ .
ﺖﻬﺟ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ
ﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻴ
ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ t
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ٦
.
4 Kolmogorov Smirnov test
5 Levene test
6 Independent- Samples T Test
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﺗ ﺯﺍ ﮐﺮ ﻴ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ۲
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻳ
ﻩﺪ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻳ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ -
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ ) ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻪﺳ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱ ( ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻦ
۳ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺨﻣ ﻒﻠﺘ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ .
ﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﺴﻳ
۶۵ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ، ۱۳۹۱ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ۴۵ ﺎﺗ ۵۲
٤٩
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲
‐ ﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ ۳
ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦ
ﮏﺸﺧ ) (kg
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦ
ﺮﺗ ) (kg
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ) (kg
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﻦ
ﺮﺗ ) (kg
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ۹۵
/
۱۰ ٢٥/٨٠ ۱۷/۹۷ ١٩/٥٥
۱۰ /
۱۵ ٢١/٤٠ ۱۵/۷۰ ١٢/٦٦
۵۰ /
۱۵ ٢٠/٩٠
ﺩ ﻳ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﺭﺎﻨ
۸۰ /
۱۰ ١٠/٤٠
ﻥﺍﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ۸۰
/
۱۱ ٢٣/٤٠ ۱۵/۳۵ ٢٠/٦٥
۵۰ /
۱۲ ٨/٤٠ ۱۷/۰۰ ١٦/٨٠
۰۰ /
۱۵ ١٠/٠٠
ﻗﺭﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻦ
۰۰ /
۱۷ ٢٠/١٠
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﻟ ۴۵
/
۱۷ ٢٥/٧٤ ۱۱/۹۵ ١٢/٦٠
۵۵ /
۹ ١٣/٨٠ ۱۳/۱۰ ٥/٥٧
۵۰ /
۱۵ ٢٧/٣٥
ﻭ ﻳ ﻥﺎ
۱۰ /
۱۸ ١٣/٣٠
ﺩﺮﺠﻨﻫﺩ ۷۵
/
۱۲ ٢٠/٠٠ ۱۳/۹ ٦/٤٥
۶۰ /
۱۵ ٢٤/٠٥ ۱۸/۰۰ ١٠/٠٠
۰۰ /
۱۶ ١٠/٠٠
ﻥﺍﺮﺳﺎﻃ
۸۵ /
۱۶ ١٤/١٥
ﻕﺁ ﻍﻼﺑ ۰۰
/
۱۵ ۱۴/۴۰ ۱۳/۴۷ ٢٤/٣٢
۰۵ /
۱۳ ۲۷/۸۷ ۱۲/۸۰ ١٧/٤٥
۰۰ /
۱۸ ۱۴/۰۰
ﺭﻮﮐ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺠ
۲۰ /
۱۸ ۲۳/۰۰
ﺠﻟﻻ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۳
‐ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ ﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻣ
ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱ
) (kg
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻣ
ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻴ
ﻨ ﻲ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻱ
) (kg
ﻥﺍﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ۳
ﺩ ﻳ ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺭﺎﻨ ۷
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﻟ ۷
ﻗﺭﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻦ ۵
ﺩﺮﺠﻨﻫﺩ ۹
ﻭ ﻳ ﻥﺎ ۳
ﻍﻼﺑ ﻕﺁ ۲
ﻥﺍﺮﺳﺎﻃ ۲
ﺠﻟﻻ ﻴ ﻦ ۵
ﺭﻮﮐ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺠ ۴
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞ ﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﮐ
‐ ﻤﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻑﻮﻧﺮ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ
ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻟ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞ ﻴ
ﻥﻮ ﻧﻴ ﺰ
ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻴ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺐ
ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺗ
) F= 1.08, P= 0.307
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻭ ( )
F=0.129,
P= 0.723
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ (
ﻳ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺲﻧﺎ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞ ﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ t
ﻤﻃﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪ ﻴ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻳ ﺲﻧﺎ ﺎﻫ
، ﺑ ﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻧﺯﻭ ﻦ ﻲ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗ
ﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧ
ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
) t= -1.748, df= 28, P= 0.091
ﻤﻃﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ .(
ﻴ ﻥﺎﻨ ۹۵ ﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺰ
۷۰۴۱ / ۸
‐ ﺎﺗ ۶۸۹۵ / ۰ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻧﺯﻭ ﻲ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻧﻴ
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺰ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) t= 1.230, df= 28, P= 0.229 .(
ﻤﻃﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﻨ ۹۵ ﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺰ ۷۲۹۳ / ۰
‐ ﺎﺗ ۹۲۱۳ / ۳
ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﻳ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺍﻮﮔt
ﻲ -
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ
ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺑﺎ ...
٥٠
ﺌﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻭ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ
) t= 0.648, df= 8 , P=
0.535 .(
ﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻴ
ﮔ ﻪﺠ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ
ﺑ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﻴ ﺣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺸﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻻﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ
ﻳ ﻞ
ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺨﺗ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻳ
ﺯ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺐ ﻳ
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣ ﻴ ﺕﺎ -
ﻌﻤﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺶﺣﻭ ﻴ
ﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺖ ﻳ
،ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺭﺎﻫ ﻱ ، ﻮﺧ
ﺣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲ ﻃﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﺪﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺭ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ
ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺎﺠ
) Madden, 2004
ﺍ ﺭﺩ .(
ﻳ ﻦ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻳ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﺪ ﻴ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ ﺎﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻳ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺴ ﻴ
ﺩﺮ .
ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻦ ﮐﺮﺗ
ﻴ ﺐ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻱ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﺎﺑ
ﻤﻃﺍ ﻴ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻨ ﻴ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻥﺎ ﻴ
ﻤﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺐ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺑ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻴ
ﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ .
ﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻳ ﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺍﺪ ﻲ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺴﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻴ
ﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﺎ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻲ
ﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ
ﺯ ﻳ ﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﻳ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ
ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﻳ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻳ ﺞ
Warkenti (1989)
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺿﺮﻓ ﻴ ﻃﺮﺷ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻲ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻳ
ﻮﺧ ﻭ
ﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻳ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺎﺧ ﮕﻧ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﮏ
ﺒﻃ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻮﺳ ﻴ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺎﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺭ
ﻟﻮﺻﺍ ﻲ ﻣ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺍ ﻭ ﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ
,Cole (1974)
,Anon (1996)
) Kellert
(1980 ﻭ Mackenzie (1996)
ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﺩ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺮﮕ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻪﻤﻫ ﭼ ﻴ ﺰ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﺯ ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﻫﺎﮔ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﻃ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﺍ ﺖﺳ . ﺍﻳ ﻧ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺰ ﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
) Tompa (
ﻭ 1987 ) Rutherglen (1998
&
Herbison
ﻧﻴ ﺰ
ﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻲ ﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻴ ﻦ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻴ ،ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺐ ﻃﺮﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ
ﻲ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ ﺘﻓﺮﮔﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺍ ﻦ
ﻳ ﺣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻪﻟﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ ﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻖﻃ ﺩﺭ
. ﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺯﺍ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺷﺎﺣ ﻴ ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
Hamadan Province
Environment Authority, 2009
،(
ﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺯ ﻂ ﻳ ﺍ ﺖﺴ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺪﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺖ
ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﭼ ﻱ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻲ
-
ﺗ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮ ﻱ
ﻡﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﮔ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻣﻮﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ
ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻦ ﻱ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﺭﺩ
ﻫﺎﮐ ﺑ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻣ ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) Boggs, 1991 (
،
ﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﺤﺻ ﻴ ﻭ ﺢ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ
ﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
،
ﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺭ ﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻮﺧ
ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﮕﻧﺎﺧ
ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺮﻃ ﻳ ﻈﻨﺗ ﻖ ﻴ ﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻢ ﻴ ﻦ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ
ﺑﻴ ﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺕﺎ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺶﺣﻭ .
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻪﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻳ
ﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﮏ ﻲ
ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎ ﺛﻮﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﻔﻠﺗ ﻴ ﻘ ﻲ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﭼ
ﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺣ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺶﺣﻭ ﺕﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ .
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Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 45-52
52
The Investigation of Relation Between Waste Composition, Wolf (Canis lupus) and Their Conflicts with Native People in
Hamedan Province
M. Hasanzadeh1, M. Kaboli2, R. Khosravi*1 and M. Ahmadi1
1 Msc, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
(Received: 25/11/2011 , Accepted: 23/03/2011)
Abstract
Inappropriate waste management is considered as an important factor for attracting wild animals to the inhabited area. This leads to food conditioning in some wild species, which changes their feeding behavior and food habits. Usually this trend reduces the fear of wild species and leads to conflict between wild species and human. We sampled five landfill sites of villages and small towns in which wolf attacks have been reported in Hamedan Province. We also sampled five landfill sites far from the centre of recent wolves’ attacks. Each landfill was sampled three times with two days interval. We took three samples, each of them including 0.25 m3 of wastes. The percentage of dry and wet contents along with the amount of protein was compared by independent t-test. Our results revealed that there is no significant difference in waste composition and the amount of protein between the affected and unaffected areas. These results suggest that wastes’ characteristics do not play an important role to enhance the conflict between wolves and human. However, productive agricultural lands, inappropriate waste management, accustoming to waste using and more density of swinger doges, lead to overlap, wolf habitat selection human usage pattern. This could be considered as main reasons of wolf attack in target areas.
Keywords: Wolf, Canis lupus, Waste composition, Food conditioning, Hamedan province
*Corresponding author: Tel: +989370312538 Fax: +982632245908 E-mail: [email protected]
