ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۷۸ ‐ ۶۹ (
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﺪﻴﺳ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۱۳۷۴۵۰۱ ‐
۰۹۱۱ E-mail: khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
ﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻳ
ﭘ ﺪ ﻴ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ
Erysiphaceae (Ascomycota: Erysiphales)
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺳ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﺪ
*۱
ﺤﺘﻓ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ،
۲ﻲ
، ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻬﻣ ﺳﺎﺒﻋ
۳ﻲ ﻣ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺋﺍﺯﺮ
۴ﻲ
۱ ، ۲ ، ،ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻱ ﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻴ ﻥﻼ
، ،ﺖﺷﺭ ۳
، ،ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺆﻣ ﻪﺴﺳ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺕﺎﻘ ﮔ ﻴ ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎ ﻲ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ۴
، ،ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻱ
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻲ
ﺑ ، ﻴ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۰ / ۸ / ۸۸ – ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۳ / ۱۲ / ۸۸ (
ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺗ ﻴ Erysiphaceae ﻩﺮ
، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻃ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ۱۳۸۸
‐ ۱۳۸۰ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺎﻫ
E. malvae ﻱ ﻭﺭ
Malva sp. ﻱ Erysiphe quercicola ،
ﻭﺭ Quercus sp. ﻱ ،
Golovinomyces ambrosiae ﻭﺭ
ﻱ Helianthus spp.
ﻭ Golovinomyces fischeri ﻭﺭ
ﻱ
Senecio glaucus ﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻥﺍﺮ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ Golovinomyces cichoracearum s.l.
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺪﺷ . ﺪﺟ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪ ﻳ
ﻦ
،ﺩﺭﻮﻣ Golovinomyces cichoracearum s.s.
ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ Golovinomyces
sonchicola ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ
Sonchus spp.
ﻧﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺰ ﻱ ﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻴ ﻦ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﺍﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻲ
ﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻳ
ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ Golovinomyces cichoracearum
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺩ ﻪﺑ .
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻳ
ﻦ
، ﺪﻨﭼ ﻳ ﺍﺭﺁ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺮ ﻱ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻦ
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﻣ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
، Golovinomyces cynoglossi ﻱﻭﺭ
Symphytum
asperum
،،
Podosphaera leucotricha ﻭﺭ
Photinia serrutataﻱ Leveillula tauricaﻭ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ
Daphne mucronata
.
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﻔﺳ : ﻴ ﮎﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺩﻮﭘ ﻱ ﺑ ، ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ، ﻲ
ﻣ ، ﻴ ﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻳ ﺪ .
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ Erysiphaceae (Ascomycota:
Erysiphales) ﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﻔﺳ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﮎﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺭﺩﻮﭘ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻲ
ﻏﺎﺑ ، ﻲ ﻏ ﻭ ﻴ ﺮﻤﺜﻣ ﺮ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺍﻳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﺻﺎﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻲ
ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﻬﻇ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮ ﻳ ﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺑﺎ ﻲ
ﮔ ﻴ ﻬﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﺪ
ﻳ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍ
) Kiss, 2005 .(
ﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻲ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﻮﻧ ﻴ
ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴ
، ﻔﺳ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻴ ﺭﺩﻮﭘ ﮎﺪ ﻱ
ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﮕﻧﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ .
ﺷ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻉﻮ
Erysiphe flexuosa ﻭ
E. elevata ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺮ
ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺳﺭ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﺟ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﻣ
ﻳ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪ (Ale-Agha et al. 2000,
2004; Kiss 2005) .
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ ﻲ
ﻫﺩ ﻨ ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺮﻣ ﻳ ﺎﮑ ﻱ ﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻲ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺪﻧﺍ ) Kiss, 2005 .(
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲﻳ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐ ﭘ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﺑ ﺶ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮎﺮﺤﺗ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﮋ ﻴ
ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﻀﻌﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻲ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﺗﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺘﺟﺍ ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨ ﻳ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺪﺳﺭ .
ﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮ
ﺪﻨﻤﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻓ ﻪﻨ ﻴ ﻧﮊﻮﻠ ﻲ ﻭ
ﻩﺩﺭ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ (Saenz &
Taylor, 1999; Mori et al., 2000; Takamatsu et al., 1998 & 1999, 2000, 2008; Takamatsu, 2004;
Matsuda & Takamatsu, 2003) .
۷۰
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻧ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻴ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮ ﻳ
ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﻳ ﺮ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ
ﺑ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻴ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺶ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶ .
ﺯﺍ
ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦ ﻲ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ Tajik-Ghanbary
et al.
) (2005 ، Khodaparast et al.
) ،2000 2001a,b ،
، 2002 ،2003 ،2005 (2007 ، Tavanaei et al.
) (2005
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .
ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﹰﺍﺮ Khodaparast & Abbasi )
(2009
ﻠﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻲ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻣﺎﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻴ
ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ٨٥ ﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻑﺭﻮﻣﻮﺌﻠﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧ
ﻱ
٥٢٨ ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻴ ﻣ ﻩﺎ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻳ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻲﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺭﺩ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻲﻳ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ Erysiphaceae ﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻳ
،ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺪﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺪ ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻴ ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺰ ﻲ ﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻨ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ١٣٨٠ ﺎﺗ ١٣٨٨ ﺎﺑ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻲ
ﻁﺎﻘﻧ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻳ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﮏ ﻴ
ﺗﺎﻘ ﻲ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ Erysiphaceae
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ
ﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻣ
ﻳ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺸ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪﻧﺪ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﮑ ﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭ ﻲ ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ، ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻴ
ﺘﮐﻻ ﺪ ﻴ ﮏ ٥٠ % ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻭ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺭﻮﻧ ﭖﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑ ﻱ
ﺱﻮﭙﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ BH2
.
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻳ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﮏ ﻲ
ﻏ ﻭ ﻴ ﺮ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻲ ﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ، ﻲ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻲ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺎﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻲ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻔﺳ ﻴ ﮎﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﮐﻭﺮﭼ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻴ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ
ﻐﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻣ ﺮ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﺍﺬﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻱ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﭘﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑ ﻲ ﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻴﻴ ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
، ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ
، ﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺍ ﺮ ﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﻨ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﻫ ﻭ
ﻳ ﻣﻮ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ
، ﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻳ
ﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕ ﻳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺩﺮ . ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺩ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﺩ ﻦ ﻳ ﺠ ﻴ ﻝﺎﺘ ﻧﻮﺳ
ﻲ ) ﻝﺪﻣ DSH-HX1 (
ﻪﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻣ
ﻴ ﭖﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑ
ﺱﻮﭙﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻬﺗ ﺲﮑﻋ BH2
ﻴ ﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪ ﻳ
ﺲﮑﻋ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﭖﺎﺷﻮﺘﻓ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
(Adobe Photoshop CS) ﺭﺩ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻭ
ﻳ ﺍﺮ ﻳ ﺶ ﻮﺼﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﺮ
ﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳ ﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﻔﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺎ ﻴ ﻬﺗ ﺪ ﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻪ . ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﺺ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻭ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ (Braun, 1987, 1995; Braun & Takamatsu,
2000; Cook & Braun, 2009) .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻧﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻲ ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻧﺯ ﻲ ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏ ﻱ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ .
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻦ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﮐ ﻴ ﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻪﺴ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻳ
ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ١٢
ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
ºC ٤
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻧﺯ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ
Cook & Braun )
(2009 ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺩ ﺍ ﺭ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻑﺮﻇ ﻱ ﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﺪ . ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻱ ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲ
ﺏﺭﺩ ﮏﺘﺸﺗ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﻪﺑﺮﺿ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨ .
ﻑﺮﻇ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ﮏﺘﺸﺗ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﺏﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻱ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺁ
ﺁ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻓﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻥ
ﻴ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻢﻠ ﻳ
ﻩﺎﮕﺸ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ٢٤ ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻧﺯ ﻲ ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻤﻨﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻲﻳ ٢٠
‐ ١٠ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻣ ﻴ ﺭﻮﻧ ﭖﻮﮑﺳﻭﺮﮑ ﻱ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ
ﺪﺷ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ
ﻃ ﻲ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١٣٨٨ ‐ ١٣٨٠ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱ ﺯﺍ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺎ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﻮﻠﻓﻮﮑ ﻳ ﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻳ ﺪ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻦ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ
، ﮔ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺪ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺎﺠﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻭ ﺪ
ﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺪ ﻱ ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮ ﺍﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻣ ﻪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
Erysiphe malvae V.P. Heluta ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Malva sp.
ﺠﻨﻣ ، ﻴ ،ﻞ
٣ / ٥ / ٨٦
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺍ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﻧ ﻴ ﺎﭘ ﻪﻤ ﻳ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎ ﻲ
ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻴﻳ ﻨ ﻲ ﮒﺮﺑ
ﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ،ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ١٧
‐ ١٢
× ٤٢
‐ ٣٢
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۷۱
ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺮ
) ١٣٥
‐ ( ١٢٥
‐ ٨٦ ﻣ ﻴ
،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ
ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎ ١٦
‐ ٨
× ٢٠
‐ ١٣ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺍﻭﺯ ﻳ ﻣ ،ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺪ ﻴ
ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻣﻮ ﻲ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ، ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ،ﺮ ﻭ ﻳ ﺎ
ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ،ﺐﻌﺸﻨﻣ ﻭ
ﻳ ﻤﺧ ﺎ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻩﺪ ٢
‐ ١ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﻌﺸﻨﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ
ﺍﻭﺯ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺪ ٤٢ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ٢٢٥
ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮ ﻭ ٥ / ٠
ﺎﺗ ٢ / ١ ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﮏﺳﺁ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ،
ﺎﭘ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻳ ﻪ ﻭ ﻳ ﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎ ﻳ ﻪ ﺍ ﻱ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ٤
‐ ١٠ ﻣ ﻴ ،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ٦
‐ ٣
)
‐ ٧ ( ﻭﺎﺣ ،ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻱ
٥
‐ ٣ ﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻴ
ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ١٧
‐ ١٠
× ٢٦
‐ ١٨
ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ١ .(
ﺍ ﻳ ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Khodaparast et al.
) (2008 ﻤﻫﺪﺠﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﻩﺮﮕﻨﮐ ﻦ
ﮔ ﻴ ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮ .
ﺍﻳ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ .
Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Quercus sp.
،ﺖﺷﺭ ،
٢٠ / ٧ / ١٣٨٣ ، ١٦ / ٥ / ١٣٨٥ . ﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﺑ ﻡﻮ ﻴ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻲ
ﺩ ﮒﺮﺑ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻴﻴ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺮ )
ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺪﺷ ( ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ
٩٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻨﮐ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﺩ ﻡﻮ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻪ ﻳ ﹰﺎﺒ ﻏﺮﻣ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮔ ﮎﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻪ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻭ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ ١
‐
Erysiphe malvae
) (A
ﺍﻭﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻡﻮﻴﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﻛ ﻳ
،ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪ ) (B
ﮏﺳﺁ ،ﻡﻮﻴﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ )
(C
ﮏﺳﺁ ،ﺎﻫ ) (D
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ
۷۲
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ٢٠
‐ ١٢
× ٤٠
‐ ٢٣ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ
ﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻴ
ﻥﻼ ﭘ ﻴ ﺍﺪ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢ .(
ﺍﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ E. alphitoides (Griffon &
Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam.
ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺴﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻴ
ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏ . ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺍﻳ ﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ ﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠ ﻴﻴ ﺍﻭﺯ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺮ ﻳ
ﺮﺘﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺪ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ .
ﺍ ،ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦ
ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺩ ﻱ ﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﻣﻭﺯﻮﺒ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﮕ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮ ﻳ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺰ .
ﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ
ﻠﻋ ﻲ ﺴﻨﺟ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻲ
، ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺ ﻭ
ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻧ ﻴ ﻪ ﺩ ITS ﻱ ﺁ ﻥﺍ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﻣﻭﺯﻮﺒ ﻲ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ
ﻲ AB292693
ﺭﺩ ﻥﮊ ﮏﻧﺎﺑ ) NCBI
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ Takamatsu et al.
) (2007 ﻪﭽﻧﺁ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ Oidium mangiferae Berthet
ﻭﺭ ﻱ
Mangifera indica L.
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻴ
ﻪﺑ ﺰ
ﺍﻳ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ .
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢
‐
Erysiphe quercicola
) (A
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻮ ﻡ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ﺍ ﻱ ﻞﮑﺷ ) ﻎﻟﺎﺑ (
) (B
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻏﺮﻣ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻲ ﻞﮑﺷ )ﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭ (
Golovinomyces cichoracearum V.P. Heluta
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Scorzonera sp.
،
ﮐ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ١٥ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ‐
ﻤﺳ ﻴ ﻤﺳ ،ﻡﺮ ﻴ ،ﻡﺮ ١٥ / ٥ / ١٣٨٥
،
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
؛ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﻭﺭ
ﻱ Tragopogon sp.
،
ﮐ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ١١ ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ ‐ ﻣ ﻴ ،ﻪﻧﺎ ٢١ / ٥ / ١٣٨٥
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ ،ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﻱ
،ﻢﻬﺗ ٢٣ / ٥ / ١٣٨٥ ،
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺤﺘﻓ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﻲ
؛ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﻭ ﻱﻭﺭ
Tragopogon graminifolius ﮐ ،
ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ١٨ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ﺑﻴ
ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ‐ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻳ
،ﻪ ٥ / ٣ / ١٣٨٨ ﻭ ٣ / ٨ / ١٣٨٨ ،
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻣ ﻣ ﺎﺿﺭ ﺪﻤﺤ ﻴ
ﺋﺍﺯﺮ ﻲ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ G. cichoracearum s.l.
ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﺎ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ Braun
) (1987 ﻣ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻴ
ﻩﺮ Asteraceae
ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱ ﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﺁ ﻳ
ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺘ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Matsuda & Takamatsu )
(2003 ﭘ ﻴ ﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮ ﻴ ﻧﮊﻮﻠ ﻲ ﻭ
ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ‐ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻞﮕﻧﺍ Golovinomyces
ﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﮔ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻴ ﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻴ ﻩﺮ Asteraceae ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﻦ ﻭﺭ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻱ
ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ
Asteraceae ﮑﺸﺗ
ﻴ ﻓ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻞ ﻴ
ﺘﻧﮊﻮﻠ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﺒﻗ ﮏ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠ ﻳ ﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺮ
ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﮏ ﻣ
ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ،
ﻳ ﮑﺸﺗ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﻭ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏ ﻴ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺭﺩ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻣ ﺵﺮﭘ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺮ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻩﺮ
ﻪﺑ ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﺩ ﻳ ﻧ ﺮﮕ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺥﺭ ﺰ .
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ
،
Cook & Braun )
(2009 ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻲ
ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏ
ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪ ﻱ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻦ ﻴ
ﭗ
G. cichoracearum ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻱ Scorzonera ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ G. cichoracearum s.s.
ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻴ
ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲﻳ
ﻈﻧ ﻴ ﺮ Scorzonera ﻭ
Tragopogon ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱ
ﮔ ﻴ ﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﻲ
ﻈﻧ ﻴ ﺮ Helianthus spp.
،
Senecio spp.
،
Sonchus spp.
ﻭ Scorzonera spp.
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
Golovinomyces
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ G. cichoracearum s.s.
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻑﺮﻃﻭﺩ ﻡﻮ
ﺮﺳﺎﺗﺮﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻱ ﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﻮﻤ ﻲﻳ ﺎﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻫﺎﮔ ﻲ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻑﺎﺻﺎﻧ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺎﺑ ﺎ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﺠﻧﺯ ﻴ ﻩﺮ ﺍ ﻱ ﺑ ، ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ، ﺍ ﻱ ﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻞ
ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ١٦
‐ ١١
× ٣٨
‐ ٢٦ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻨﮐ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻥﺁ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮ ٣
‐ ٧ / ١ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ
ﺪﺷ . ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﺑ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺶ ﻭ
ﻳ ﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ
) ١٦٠ ‐ ( ١٤٥ ‐ ٨٣ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮ . ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦ
ﻭﺭ ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻱ
Scorzonerasp. ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
١١٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۷۳
ﮏﺳﺁ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺎﺗ ﻏﺮﻣ
ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ٣٦ ‐ ٣٠
× ٧٥
‐ ٥٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻱ ﻭﺩ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ .
ﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻴ
ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ
١٥
‐ ١٢
× ٣٤
‐ ٢٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٣ .(
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻳ ﮏ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺭ ﻱ
Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss.
ﺯﺍ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻧ ﻴ ﻪ ﺩ ITS ﻱ ﺁ ﻥﺍ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﻣﻭﺯﻮﺒ ﻲ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ITS1+5.8S+ITS2
، ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ
، ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Khodaparast et al.
) (2003 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ .
ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ
ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
Scorzonera hispanica )
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷﺎﺑ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻲ AB077682
ﻥﮊ ﮏﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ NCBI
ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﮏ
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
.
Golovinomyces ambrosiae (Schwein.) U. Braun
& R.T.A. Cook
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Helianthus annuus ،
،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ١٦
/ ٥ / ١٣٨٥ ؛ H. tuberesus ،ﺖﺷﺭ ،
١٠ / ٧ / ١٣٨٨
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺒﮐﺍ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮ )
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻲﻳ
( ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺍ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺎﺗ .
ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻮﻤ ﻲﻳ
ﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱ
ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ H. tuberesus ﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ
ﻲ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ
ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻱ ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻭﺭ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻱ
ﺭ ﻳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺴ
٨
‐ ٦
× ٦٠
‐ ٥٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺍﺯ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻳ ﻨﮐ ﺶ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ
ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﮏ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱ
ﻳ ﺎ
ﻫﺎﮔ ﻲ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻳ ﹰﺎﺒ ﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ .
ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻳ ﻪ
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ، ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ١٢ ‐ ٩
× ٦٧
‐ ٤٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ
‐
ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ﺍ ﻱ ﻫﺎﮔ ﺎﺗ ﻲ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻳ ﹰﺎﺒ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ٢٤
‐ ١٨ ) ١٣
‐ (
× ) ٤٠
‐ ( ٣٨ ‐ ٣١ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻨﮐ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻥﺁ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮ ٤
/ ١ ﺎﺗ ٢
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . ﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﺶ
٥ / ٢ ﻧ ﻴ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﺰ . ﻮﺌﻠﺗ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻣ
ﺍ ﻑﺭﻮ ﻳ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ ﮐ ﻲﻧﺯ
ﻨ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻧ
ﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻡﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺑﺰ
ﺭﺎﺑﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻣﻮ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ reticuloidium ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
(Cook & Braun, 2009) .
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻧﺯ
،ﻲ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ
ﻞﮑﺷ ٣
‐ ) (A
ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
Golovinomyces cichoracearum
، ) (B
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
G. cichoracearum
،
) (C
ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
G. fischeri
، ) (D
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
G. fischeri
۷۴
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺵﺪﻨﺗ ﻳ
ﻨﮐ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻮ
ﻤﮐ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻡﺭﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ٤ ﻭ ٥ .(
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ Matsuda & Takamatsu )
2003 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ( ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻴ
ﻪﻠ Heliantheae )
ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ Asteraceae (
ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﮏ ﻓ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻴ ﺘﻧﮊﻮﻠ ﻴ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﮏ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻳ ﻪﺘ G. cichoracearum var. latisporus U. Braun
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
ﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻪﺠ Cook & Braun )
(2009 ﺍﻳ ﻦ
ﺪﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻳ
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺪ ﺀ ﺭﺍﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺍﻳ ﻨﮐ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺩ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻳ ﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﮏ ﻳ ﻣ ﺰ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺯﺍ
ﻉﻮﻗﻭ Oidium sp.
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻳ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ) Khodaparast & Abbasi, 2009 (
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﮑﻨ Podosphaera xanthii
ﻧ ﻴ ﺰ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺲﻨﺟ
Helianthus
ﻗﺩ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻴ
ﹰﺎﻘ ﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺖﺴ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻠﺒﻗ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺎﺑ .
ﺍﻳ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦ
ﺍﻳ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ .
Golovinomyces fischeri (S. Blumer) U. Braun &
R.T.A. Cook
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Senecio glaucus L.
،
،ﺝﺮﮐ ٦ / ٣ / ١٣٨٠ ، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻣ ﺎﺿﺭ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﻡﻮ ﻱ ﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻭ ﮒﺮﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺴ
ﺑ ﻲ ﺭ ﺩ ﺎﺑ ،ﮓﻧ ﻳ ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﮎﺯﺎﻧ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪ . ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻟ ﻡﻮ ﻴ ﻮﻤ ﻲﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﮑﺷ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻱ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﺭ ﻳ ﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻪﺴ ﺀ ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﮑ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻳ ﻨﮐ ﻪ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻤﺧ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻴ ﻩﺪ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻱ
، ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻳ ﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻳ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺪ .
ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻳ
ﻪ ١٧ ‐ ١١
× ٧٤ ‐ ٤٣ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻞﮑﺷ ٤
‐
Golovinomyces ambrosiae
ﻭﺭ ﻱ
Helianthus tuberesus
) (A
ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻭﺭ ﻡﻮ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ) ﻘﻣ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻴ ﺱﺎ ( ، ) (B
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ) (C
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ،ﺎﻫ ) (D
ﻨﮐ ﺵﺪﻨﺗ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮ ﻳ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻂ ﻳ ﻫﺎﮕﺸ ﻲ
ﻱﻭﺭGolovinomyces ambrosiae‐٥ ﻞﮑﺷ
Helianthus annuus
) (A
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ) (B
ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻳ
ﻳ ﺠﻧﺯ ﮏ ﻴ ﻨﮐ ﺮ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ
) (C
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ) (D
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ) ﺭﺎﺑﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻳ
ﻣﻮ ﻲ (
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۷۵
ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻳ
ﻪ ٣
‐ ١ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺗ
ﻳ ﹰﺎﺒ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻭﺎﺴﻣ ﻱ ﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺮ . ﻳ ﺩ ﮏ ﻳ ﺿﺮﻋ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﻲ
ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ
ﻨﮐ ﺏﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻭﺭ ،ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻱ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺩ ﻪ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺠﻧﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺑ ، ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻬﭘ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻪﺑ ،ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ٢٠
‐ ١٥
× ) ٣٨
‐ ( ٣٥ ‐ ٢٣ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ .
ﻨﮐ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻨﮐ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ
) ٢ / ٢
‐ ( ٨ / ١
‐ ٣ / ١ ) ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ٢
( ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﻏ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺘﻣﺮ )
٢٠٠
‐ ( ١٦٧ ‐ ١١٢
)
‐ ١٠٠ ( ﻣ ﻴ ﮑ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻭ ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ٢٠ ‐ ١٠
× ) ٣٠
‐ ( ٢٥ ‐ ١٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﺍﻭﺯ ﻳ ﻭﺭ ﺪ ﻱ ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ
ﻡﻮ ﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﻭ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲ
ﻣﺁ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺰ .
ﺍﻳ ﺍﻭﺯ ﻦ ﻳ ﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ ﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ،
١١
‐ ٥ ﻣ ﻴ ،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ
ﺎﺗﺮﺳ ﻍﻮﻠﺑ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺳ
ﺍ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﮏﺳﺁ ﻫﺎﮔ ﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻪﺳ
٤٦
‐ ٣٣
× ) ٩١ ‐ ( ٧٥ ‐ ٥٦ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ) ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻪ (
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻳ ﻪ ) ٢٥
‐ ( ١٧
‐ ٨ ﻣ ﻴ ﻌﺗ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻴﻴ
ﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻲ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻳ ﻪﮑﻨ
ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻳ
ﻦ ﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭﺭ ﻳ
ﺪ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ٣ .(
ﺍﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ G. cichoracearum s.s.
ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﮏ
ﻑﺍﺮﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ Braun
) 1987, 1995 (
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻳ ﻪﺘ Erysiphe cichoracearum var. fischeri
(S. Blumer) U. Braun ﻓﺮﻌﻣ
ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﹰﺍﺮ Cook
& Braun )
(2009 ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳ ﻑﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻥﺁ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻨﮐ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻤﺧ ﻴ ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪ ﻳ
ﻨﮐ ﻪ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻏ ،ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻴ ﺰﮐﺮﻣﺮ ﻱ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
ﻨﮐ ﺏﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻳ
ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺿﺮﻋ ﻲ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ، ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺀﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺪﻧﺍ .
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻳ
ﻦ
، ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻴ
ﻡﻮ ﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ G. cichoracearum
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱ
Scorzonera sp.
) ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﭗ G. cichoracearum s.s.
( ﻭ
Tragopogon ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻴ ﻮ ﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻡ ﻱ
ﺍﻳ ﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ) ١٦٠
‐ ( ١٤٥
‐ ٨٣ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦ ﻱ
Scorzonera sp.
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
١١٢ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ،ﺪﺷ ﻦ ﺭﺩ ﻟﺎﺣ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
G. fischeri ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
١٣٤ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
G. cichoracearum )
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻳ
ﻣﻮ ﻲ ( ﻭﺭ ﻱ
Scorzonera sp.
ﻧﻴ ﮐﺪﻧﺍ ﺰ ﻲ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻧ ﻡﻮ ﻴ ﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﻴ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ .
Golovinomyces sonchicola U. Braun & R.T.A.
Cook ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Sonchus oleraceus
ﻣﻭﺭﺍ ،L.
ﻴ ﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ،ﻪ ﻱ ،ﻮﻟﺍﺮﻗ ١٤ / ٥ / ١٣٨٣ ﮐ ، ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ٨ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ
ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ
‐ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ،ﻪﻧﺎ
‐ ،ﻢﻬﺗ ٢٣ / ٥ / ١٣٨٣ ﻭﺭ ؛ ﻱ
Sonchus sp.
ﺠﻨﻣ ، ﻴ ،ﻞ ٣١ / ٣ / ١٣٨٨ ﻊﻤﺟ ، ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ .
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﻡﻮ ﻱ ﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻭ ﮒﺮﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻡﻮ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻳ ﻟ ﺎ ﻴ ﻮﻤ ﻲﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﮑﺷ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻱ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺭ ﻳ ﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻪﺴ ﺀ
ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮ ﻳ
ﺩ ﮏ ﻳ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﮑ .
ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻳ ﻪ
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻤﺧ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺍ ﻱ
ﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ١٧
‐ ١٢
× ) ٤٠ ‐ (
٣٥
‐ ٢٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ) ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻳ
ﻣﻮ ﻲ ( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .
ﻨﮐ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ٣
‐ ٦ / ١ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﻏ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺘﻣﺮ ﻳ
ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﮐ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎ
١٥٠ ٨٨– ﻣ ﻴ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺍﻮ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ١٨
‐ ١٠
× ٢٧
‐ ١٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﺍﻭﺯ ﻳ ﺪ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺴﺗﻮﻤﺳﺎﮐ ﻴ
ﻡﻮ ﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻳ
ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲ
ﻣﺁ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺰ .
ﺍﻳ ﺍﻭﺯ ﻦ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺑ ﺪ
ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺑ ١٠
‐ ٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺳ ﻍﻮﻠﺑ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ،ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺳﺍ
ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧﺭ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﺗ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﮏﺳﺁ ﻫﺎﮔ ﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
٣
‐ ١
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ٣٧
‐ ٢٧
× ٦٧
‐ ٥٧ ﻣ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ) ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ
ﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻪ ( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻴ
ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ
) ١٨
‐ ( ١٥
‐ ١١
× ٢٥ ‐ ١٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﻌﺗ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ ﻴﻴ
ﺪﺷ ﻦ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ٦ (.
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ Golovinomyces sonchicola ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ
G. cichoracearum ﻭ
G. fischeri ﺴﺑ
ﻴ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏ .
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻴ ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞ ﻳ
ﻨﮐ ﻪ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻤﺧ ﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻴ ﻭ ،ﻩﺪ
ﺭﻮﺳﺮﭘﺍ ﻳ ﻣﻮ ﻲ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
، ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ
G. cichoracearum ﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ
ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻡﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻧ ﻭ ،
ﻴ ﺮﭘﺍ ﺰ ﺭﻮﺳ ﻳ ﻡﻮ
ﻪﺒﻟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ G. fischeri
ﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﺰ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
۷۶
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻞﮑﺷ ٦
‐
Golovinomyces sonchicola
(A
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ،ﺎﻫ ) (B
ﭖﺭﺎﮐﻮﮑﺳﺁ ،ﺎﻫ
) (C
ﮏﺳﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺭﻮﭙﺳﻮﮑﺳﺁ ﻭﺩ
ﺍﻳ ﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻴ ﺧﺍ ﺰ ﻴ ﹰﺍﺮ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ Cook & Braun )
(2009
ﺐﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ G. cichoracearum
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﺟ .
ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻦ Matsuda & Takamatsu )
(2003 ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ
ﻓ ﻞ ﻴ ﺘﻧﮊﻮﻠ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
G. cichoracearum s.l.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ Sonchus ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻲﻳ ﮑﺸﺗ ﻴ ﻣ ﻞ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ .
Golovinomyces cynoglossi (Wallr.) Heluta ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Symphytum asperum
Lepech.
ﻪﻌﻣﻮﺻ ، ،ﺍﺮﺳ
٣ / ٣ / ١٣٨٨ ، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ .
ﺍﻳ ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻱ ﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺶﺷ ﻴ
ﻩﺮ
Boraginaceae ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
(Khodaparast &
Abbasi, 2009) .
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻑﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧﺁ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺩ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﻳ
ﻨﮐ ﻪ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ،ﺭﻮﻓﻮ
ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ٣
‐ ٢ ﺩ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﮕ
ﻣ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﺩﺮ . ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺠﻧﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻪﮑﺸﺑ ، ﺍ ﻱ ﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﻮﻀ ﻱ ،
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ٢٠
‐ ١٥
× ٣٦
‐ ٢٧ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﺍ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻳ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis and Everh.) E.S.
Salmon ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Photinia serrutata
Lindl.
،ﺝﺮﮐ ، ٣٠ / ١ / ١٣٨٨ ، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺪﻫﺍﺯ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻱ
.
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﮒﺮﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮ ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ، ﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﻪ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ١٥ ‐ ١٠
× ٥٥
‐ ٢٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ .
ﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻳ ﻡﻮ ﺎﻫ
ﺠﻧﺯ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺑ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ، ﻴ ﺶ ﺑ ﻴ ﻮﻀ ﻱ ﻏﺮﻣ ﻢﺨﺗ ﺎﺗ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ١٦
‐ ١٠
× ٢٦
‐ ١٧ ﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺘﻣﻭﺮﮑ )
ﻞﻜﺷ ٧ (.
ﺮﺑ
ﻑﺍﺮﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ Braun
) 1987, 1995 (
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﻔﺳ ﻴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﮎﺪ ﻲ
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻳ
ﮔ ﻦ ﻴ ﻩﺎ
Podosphaera leucotricha ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻱ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ
Oidium photiniae Jacz.
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
(Amano, 1986) .
ﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻣ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟ ﻴ
ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ
ﺍ ﻑﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧﺁ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ P. leucotricha
ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺ .
ﺍﻳ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻭﺭ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ
ﺍﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮ .
ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۷۷
Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ : ﻭﺭ ﻱ Daphne mucronata ،
ﮐ
،ﮓﻧﺮﻫﻮ ٢٥ / ٥ / ١٣٨٧
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺍﺪﺧ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ Leveillula taurica
ﺯﺍ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ
ﻱ ﻧﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺯ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻳ
ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﻧ ﻴ ﺰ
ﻭﺭ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻱ ﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻴ ﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻧﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻴ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻞﮑﺷ ٧
‐
Podosphaera leucotricha
ﻱﻭﺭ
Photinia serrutata
: ﻳﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻓﻮﻳﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻡﻮ
ﺎﻫ
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introduced in Europe. Cryptogamie Mycologie, 21, 89–92.
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ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸
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