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Email:
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Lal, 2006; Paustian et
al., 2000
( . . m/
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AEk
N 4 3 45 / . 45 6 / Ek N 4
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Tan & Lal., 2005
(.
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1977; Suman et al., 2009)
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k *A % -A'
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2005; Grunzweig et al., 2003
(.
g U AH
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6 AAA AAA+2
=2 AAA/ . AAA 6AAA+
. 7 / 6 / H . &
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Omonode et al.,
2006; Ardo & Olsson, 2003
.(
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Sainju et
al., 2009
V
Sherro et al., 2003
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7:
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Sauheitl et al., 2013
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hSn . 6 /7 /
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Lal, 2004; Lal, 2009
.(
= 0AT
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A;
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u A4 2
A 2 A O =A -? *A .7, U Hk -A
)
Lal, 2005
V
Hirata et al., 2007
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Y AA 6 AAT
hSn . 7 / &A 6 / UA,-
78 A9
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A E T = 0AT 7 2 X:
A & . A2
N A4 U AAH
6 AA/ 78 A9 = 0AAT AA
7AA :
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Sainju et al., 2008
.(
. / 0A A1 % A& . 2 3 A 45
6 / 78 9 7A: . A ;<A
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AA 2
)
Singh et al., 2013
.(
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( .
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558 / 0 116 / 0 841
/
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649 / 0 016 / 0 928
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682 / 0 345 / 0 034
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c b
a
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد
ر
(ton/ha ) نر راد
M<
1 . 8 = NO!P ( C " E! %8) C H Q &@ 0 ) 1R
c b b
a
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد و
ر
(ton/ha ) نر راد
M<
2 . 8 = ( C " / - ? S 2 0 ) 1R B 5 6 8
d c
b a
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد و
ر
(ton/ha ) نر راد
M<
3 . 8 = ( C " / - D S 2 0 ) 1R B 5 6 8
d c
b a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد و
ر
(ton/ha ) نر راد
M<
4 . 8 = 0 ) 1R ( C " / - D8% S 2
B 5 6 8
c b b
a
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد و
ر
(ton/ha ) نر راد
M<
5 . 8 = ( C " E! %8) / - 0 ) M) 1R B 5 6 8
c b b
a
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
راز غ یر نو ز راز رد و
ر
(ton/ha) نر راد
M<
6 . 8 = NO!P ( C " E! %8) 0 ) M) 1R
3h 3g 3h 3b
3e 3f 3a
3d 3c 3h 3f
4g 4h 4h
4b 4e 4f
4a 4d 4c
4h
4f 2g
2i 2h 2h
2b
2e 2f 2a
2d 2c 2f 2h
1g 1i 1h 1h 1b
1f 1a 1a
1c 1d
1h 1f
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
ن رور ت درا دادر ر دادر رو ر ر ن آ رذآ ید ن د ا
ه
(g/m2/day) نر د
راز رد راز غ یر نو ز
و
3i4i
M<
7 . + M R!
, C ( NO!P
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B!U H I 8V ( C
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6 / 1 6 . / J *
AH . 5 / 12 7A'
6 / 78 9 \ H & * 37 1990
AH A \
2010 1 . / J * _-
) @AX , A
6 (
J A1 = -? ƒ-:
AH
)
Houghton et al., 2012
.(
Powers
AA+ 2
) ( 2010
H ; % J . / J A/
6
mB 6 A/ % A E c AH @A g - / AT 6 A
: 7 . A 6A 6 € 2 *Sj
<
7A / *A/ 7A:
78 AA9 0AA AAH AA 45
G AA 6 AA/
L . A/ ƒ-A: AH 7A -A2 Kk RS
7
\ 8 37 *Wc k +
: pA?
A .
Zhou
)Luo
( 2006
3 t8 A AC . A
= 7Ab
J A A/
. A1 @AX , A
*A
1 P/
.
~ 2 . AH AP/
.
0T
= 0 78 9 / 6 N A4 A
†;
: A 7 .
3- 2 . 7 3 tA8
A @A -8 Ac
7 :
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6 A/
N A4
&
mB AH A 6 4 A ƒ-A:
AA 0
%Y AA AAO
. AA . AA 6 T
~ AA' v
7 1
B, H U P 6 / &A
* N 4
=2 / 78 9 6 / N A4 *A &A
1 . AH
Zeeman et al., 2010)
V
Schmitt et
al., 2010 Wohlfahrt et al., 2008;
(.
William
) ( 2003
G 1 . / J *A :
}AP4
- / T
† ; K b * 6 / 0 k
.
= 0T . 2 2 O =L 6 / 0
y T ' 3 O P/
* o A - T = 0AT @ E AH
.
F A 6 A/ = 0AT cAH N 4 *A
@A E
= 0T q Y N 4 * 2 O -
H
yA W 1 6 */ 7 ƒ-: * *,- */
a g / H 3 0A : A1 6A 78 A9 7W
0 C :
* AP 6 A/ -A‡b AH
N 4 H E -
A . /
* 7A @A E
N A4 -4 m2 U,- */ 7 k T n A 6 / 78 9 = 0T cH
-A .0 A
6 6 )
* ( 37A A : -A .
AAh: *AA N AA4 ] GAA 8 AA
m AA H 7AAH
*P . O % J U,- F 45
6 A/
N AA4 AA -AA AA ]-AAH GAA 8
* -AA @AA E
* 0f D
=L 2 6 / W *P
372 P 3 O P/ . 2 . Y -A
.
=AA -? 6 AAT 6 AA :-+AA AA1 -AA 2 O AEk -A =2 A/ UA,- 7: -
H -4
N 4 7 U H
= 0AT
78 9 B:
N A4 6 / . - 7 7 T
-
* . - */
6 X: A *SA' b Q A : o H
:-+A G A 6 A/ 78 A9 0A *:Y H y W 72 A 1
AH .
Post Kwon
) ( 2000
*/ 7: / ]t8 6 A/ U AH 0A
7 % '-94 * 7b
*:-O 2 A O . 2
3- ƒ-A: A1 . A/ A J 7A . A2 N 4 + d-E- + 0 T b % S 8
45 X N 4 6 / S g .
Francisco
+ 2 ) ( 2010
* E c . A
% J -:
7 7 * A pO g */ . /
3 T a & G 6 mAB H
@A 8 6 A
H G 6 / U H 0 =2 / 6A
*Wc 7 :
.
Kordowski & Kuttler
) (2010
E c D 6 / 78 9 0 -4 Wc
D ASX ,
N AA?
6AAH :-+AA G AA 3 AA k I AA
7 /
*/
:-+A G A 6 / 78 9 0
3 -A N A? = B,- @ g 7W * AH
*A/
E T k S8 : A : RAS L . A2
*A 3>A
: P . 7 / / 6 H- 6
A2 -4 %Yk
7 : . P 2 A O = -? =W: * 6 € 2
3 & * 6 / 78 9 0 =2 / 7A /
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AA+ 2 You
) ( 2011
AA E c D . AA -AA4
=W:
4 H H 4 H . B :-+A . 2
6 C A E T 6 A/ 78 A9 0 RAS L . A2
: 8 *S ,
„ H % S 8
-A .0A
& * 6 / 78 9
† ; 7 : .
6 X: P: % E c Q : :Y H
D 78 A9
G 6 / F
72 A / 37 . /
H */
k S8 - AH- N 4 r
2 O = -?
6AH *A *A,- A AX .-AH
F
* E c 37 . AW 7 H \ *
\ AAH sAA? N AA4 6 AA/ AA, 4 AA2
AA :
)
Sadeghipour, 2012
(.
. / @ 7 *A A
F mA2 Ah:
6 A/ U AH %7A
m2 3 O N 4 h:
6 A/ 78 9 0 =2 /
N A4 vcH A
† ; AH .
Le Quere
A+ 2
) ( 2009
UH 3 6 U AH
N A4 6 A/
AA AA 3 AA 78 AA9 . O-AAS, AA
@AAX , ˆAA&b AA AA b
. 2 AA O =AA -?
7 : .
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E D
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* @ E m2 cAH N A4 AO U AH
= 0AT
W AH A \ AH 7 C s? 6 / 78 9 0
* - 2 U H A 6 A/ 78 A9 0 =2 / A
-
)
Sadeghipour, 2012
.(
@ E 7 8 6 A/ =2 A/
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A -A
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.
Hassink (1997)
6 AE AEk -A =2 A/ 8 AH */ / 3
\ H Ag -A4 7Ab 6 P . / J . 2
. 4
* - . / . /
U H 6 A/ ˆ&b
2 O T %7 -
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Jauhiainen et
al., 2012)
(.
G 6 / 78 9 0 -
37A . /
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A *Sj 6 S8 -A
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T \-A9 7 k ...
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Farage et al., 2007
(.
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g ; 6 A/ O
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