*
!!
s.baghaee@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
E-mail:
Bacillusspp.
!
"#$%$&$
"#$()$*+,'
./#0,- 1
3.3.2
4
!"!
#$ "%&
' (%)*
+ , , - ./*)*
+ 0 , 1 , - 2
056
3!4(567 "68
9/
"6:;
<56
*=>6?$
Meloidogyne javanica
6 3 @ A$4 6
B
*C >DE FG"* "H
A3 IJ
K L5 5$
M
" "
N :;
"!:*=OPQ*
%/*RS$T"U.M7 :
"6"*
B :(
:6 AV :;
"*"6
Q5!FWMX$"6
: YQ
)"Z*O"$["$D8"6:
A
*"\APQ*
M*
P4 (]^$M_*"98MM4_*"9
6 B
"6
$
=6N`M%N`M%
a a A a aa 8:
: b5W$
:6
:!
B .cereus
'
Bag2.13
N2.2 Ch1.2
2
B. licheniformis
'
MA1.3 MA1.7
2
FT1.7 ) Bacillus sp.
MD6.5
MD 1.8
2 3
B "6
:Q5!
$ c 8"*"H :
MD6.5 Bag2.13
3 B PdSV
A ! =6
M4
=*
8 6 :
?$ :6
"&=e (% @
B &3]= "6
:6 (
$4 M"6 (567 86 :;
: *= L"
"!
:;!
&"%
A$:6 M]7>67 &3]= :A:Q5!&$4f"
1 , I
g FG"*86
)"Z* D "6
A *= PQ*
M. javanica
L! hi &$4
;:Q5!
B
"6j!8M8 :;
L" $6<56
*=
"!:
:;!
&"%
:Q5!
( B
07.
8 9
Meloidogyne javanica
3L":"%<56
$#$
"#$ % &
'( )* + ,#- ". #
/%
0 (12 3 4
"5
% 66
(17
189"%'2 +#7
&'
% :/
"5
%
;
<
;;
+
; 7
;;
=
Sasser and Frackman 1987
0>
% &
?@
"''1',%'2
1ABC+%
+ "D. ## + E/F ACGH
7 17
%#2 1I % & 1 J# AB #/I' K.
Meloidogyne
L
(Huang et al. 2009)
0
K.
?@
( M' 1I N.
O% L' 2
P
QR1, 4R:%'2
L1S,+1S, 1
":
TO(U
+ H?:#
7 V :(A ', '#2WX+Y
;
&'#
; 1 2
; '#
; 1/B6#
+6 0
?ZO'1+LZRD.2 7#-
;
#2&' #
%
;
%'2
; 1:&< +
%
;;
'['-
;;
V
&'
#(+K.R(
V
\D
#
D%'2%#2&'
7 V
#]"D.8Y^
L ++
=
Pegard et al. 2004
0>
"O' RA'H
&_(6AB P
1/%#21I% &
"4+ Z/?:1
#6R\]`
R%a5b
DcB`
;
\
;
&%(#
;
&L'Z&.1
;
;;
B+
; c
; +
;;
=
Damadzadeh 2007
0>
/7
;;
#
&
;;
;;
I
;;
1
%#2
; +"4:1*1
; P O'
;
L:# R^'
; 'dU C
; 7 #
; U' "+
;
?
(
; 2
; .
;;
\F ',L']+% &+
$
;;
6+ R"#
;;
L
=
Natarajan et al. 2006
0>
4#%
&+#7
; '&'6g 1
":
h i#
12 L'Z&. M%7 # ,#/7
#2&' % j
#k
RL
?&:3G/B
&
7 CX+
#&dA
#&k L'
=
Tabaet al. 2007
0>
?&:3G/B
"+#U
O' 7/(AlUI
;
&+#
; M7
%
; '&'6
;;
; 'H #
;;
( b
;
" Ll L R
1 A'H
Qe,' #/7 ?: ( +/ L&
1
":
L +# M'- & m U%
0 AZ,*
#
% +#/2 + V
#/7O
$%
; 1I#
<
; 6 g
; L /
;
; R?3_ h kn
#' C #8-
1 .
%
; 'K.
; /7+o
;
% &#
;;
-;
%'2 L(
; I
; "
;
%+
;;
=
Siddiqui and
Mahmoud 1999
>
0 /
;;;
(+
2
;
; 1
%
;
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens
R
B. cereus
R
B. licheniformis
R
B.
megaterium
R
B. mycoides B. pumilus
1
":
: ++ "I RQe,' #/7 ? 17
12
%
1 X j
#k K.1WZ/% &
%
;
Meloidogyne Heterodera
/7
;
# 7
=
Gardener et al. 2004
0>
M2 Z AZ,*
+"U&%
R K.(+/L'&%#
'
; o
;n '7
; +
; +
; 0
#
; I7o
; L
#/'$
6 V
#/7"'S
Bacillus cereus
p#R
"O'1 &\F 3++
M%7
+ %+
; ' T#
;;
%C # 'kn
;;
# ]
; D. ?
; '
; ++ O
=
Nageshet al. 2005
0>
H V
#'kn /(#/7?:
"I R%'2 % & 1':
%+
V + L,B
\O5
%
B
; /7,q
; +#
; -
;
; L
"5(
1 :
;
"
O&' /7$
j 1 #/7 r + #k
6+ &U'7?B+
;;
L
=
Huanget al.
2005a,b
0>
#-+
; '](
; dB
;
&'
;
; O
; 1
m'#
; 1
; g
%
;
Bace 16
Bae 16
2(
;;
1
B.
nematocida
s,B L 6 "7 ( 0
P
'#- '
%
Bace 16 Bae 16
17 ++ "I
JN + I7 & 6 L',Z$ '] (#- L
=
Niuet al. 2006a, b
0>
I7 &L',Z$#l:
"e
Bace16
L',/R&% '/S-"4:R
% -#
#
;
%(
;
&'
; Z$+O
;;
',
; I7 &L
+ L,B+ #/7
=
Niu et al. 2007
0>
"# +
#
% H
; + +
; V ]
; /7 A
; /( #
;
/7
;
#
%
; g< %#2 1I & 1': 1I#$
6
;
; L 0 7
; +#
; t g
; /71
;
#
Pantoeasp.
R
Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas fluorescens
&
Meloidogyne javanica
+ '2 1.2
@#$
+
\]
Super Amelia
Royal
(+/1LN
"5
%
1 m'7#+12 .X
#/I'#kR+%
sB6 MO$ +
M%7 '2 I %
sB6 L6+ &1J#%
=
Majzoob et al.
0>2010
R'[&%
#/7 ' +#7
Bacillus
cereus
%#21I &1': 'Q''',
M.
javanica
1 A3 1'22+,5(M'-cB&'
ZM%7m.R &
+ +2+ Z V
\F 6
=
Siahpoosh 2010
0>
.
; 1
; 1 7
;
\
;
"+
Z,*
;;
A
B+
; +
;
; V
; /7 M
; /( #
;;
2
;
; 1
%
;;
7+o'
;
&'M%
;
%#21I
;;
%
; u
'/+
;;
; 1 1 .
% ##
; 'H R
; v_ W
;
#
61
;;
/7
;
#
%
; 'K.
; I#$o
; 1
.2
; 1
@#$
;
"5
% 1I &' #/7 +
#6 + %#2 F2 O' @I(5 b
; ] 1
;
\
.2
; 1
@#$
; ,Y
; 1*m
=
?'
>
L1/B+#- 0
:..$
**
* +
, -+./+
**
0
**
1 2
+
#
%
;
%#21I?:N]
1.2
@#$
+
2Rv"#B P
Meloidogyne javanica
sFI
6
=
Sadeghi et al. 2010
0>
1&o#
+#
"Y / +,5 `O (
^ ( O#$ +5
\l:11. DI"/#D6 R
g<
6 0 / cB
1#'2u#X
L+
1I"+5
\F_%
+ W&:w,%
L' / 6+(7#/
I P . '71 6 P
?/U'/l- 6
0
0,34,
; x1
; 'dU
;
#
@
; 1 + X
; C
;
;
&A
;
;;
Meloidogyne javanica
%I ( R 1.2
@#$
\]
,
;
;
; u
=
Early urbana VF
>
6+
;
#
; b
#/7 6 V 6+/1F2 0
&\F"'S
1'D /- LS'- ( +/ @I(5 + 6
#_ 4?B+1"#/
V 1'NZ 6 V IQ<
1.2
@#$
1/F
6 0
" 2
% +_
cBg#2'7
1T#cBR:(cB?6"#/
=
>
_# + %I P
D4
, M6 + 2#
0 ( Z
L682 +,LG6 (
R 1 &
B 1I
%
;
/
; 6#
;
; 1I
%
; ,5
; '+
; O
; s'FI#
L$/@I(51R+ <#'dU 0
567 8+ 9:/ ;1 8/+01
<
+
1 2
&
; 1
%
; '2(
;;
B
; Xc
; Iu#
; 1R (
;
`O
.2
; 1
@#$
; /
;
#B"
v"
;
&.
;
^ 65
; 0
s,B 6i1o'K.(
;
&%+
;
"U
=
Schaadet al. 2001
>
<
; 6g
; 0 2Q
; Bg#
;;
c
I#$
; +1 + ' /',
;;
/#*a5#
; 1"#
; A
1']+
R 6Q'6 0
N:(K-13_"'S
A 1 R$3 8Y7 ( +
2 a5 g&_ + 1']+
g#
/P.++/I%
+#2 L$#2#]
0
#1'D(K-
RL]
S(100
; '
;;
/7"
;;
'H#
; b
25
; 8Y
;
=
Nutrient Agar
>
1 MF-&4A3
+ /P.+
+#2 61U 0
( Z 1,+
R(
7 8Y25b'H(+/A/%
s,B ( 6 + <
0 1 .
% s,B
# 6
M(5
% Z
;;
*a5+
;
# /
;;
"#
+
+
;;
D4
;;
/P.+
+#2 1@
+ 6 0
=.+
+01
>?/ @78 9:/ ,
278A+! B8
] L' 2/5 /' GU
<- . 1 1 L+
( 5
#O .2 1
@#$
# i 1
"(5 + RL]
( M<
/
#6 + b (5
@I , i 1
"'
"U&%
=
Lian et al. 2007
>
7 9 R#'' (
6 0 LI7(
L' D4 /:
P
#/7 R S
"'
LxY
cfu/ml
! .#%(
1 1_#++#/7
A 1 + +1']+
O%D4 +
e'#/1']++
6
$38Y7(^Re'#/#%( Z
&6 V Q 6 ++ N: &
0 + (
\F %
#'dU : v ( K- 1F2 b#6 + 6
\ L#7S'%
3+Q L6
6 5
#*a
6+/@I(5b#6+?#/
0 + Z
\F
1O'
?#/#*a5_#/-+12 .X '6- + ( + A 1 8Y7 &/+ 6
p#%C(L$#2#]U
"(5+R 6
+6 +/ /( M<
0
#% #/7 AH6#
.
;
; 1
; 1 X
; .
; 2
;
; FC1
;
&\
;
;
M. javanica
(
; 6
; 0 (5
;
; z#Xm,]+M
g<#U1$+Gl7
"#/#*a5(
1
":
6 +/ %6 0
a'#U'
_ %
&\FC#/7AH6#
1 12 .A3
++
/P.+LI%L'
+#2 /$#2#]
( Z D4L'
LI%?D4 L:
R T# 3+
( ZC#' L' 3
L:
R p# 3+
(\F 6
0 1 .
% T# 3+#/I'17
p# %C #'
" I ++ "I \F 1
":
+/ Z?_#+aF/##1 . 6
0
/!
+01 ,
1 .
% F/
o#
A'3GB
RQe,$
e,O'$
; '&'6'Q
; 1'3
?&Z,/++ 6
2#
Logan and De Vos 2006)
>
66 0
C8 + +01
,
+
;
GB
; {
k
; A#
&
;;
I7
;;
5
;;
\O
%
;;
R(#-
%#21I &(S',(#-',U,5
# 6 0
8D,E0,
#-M11.
; ( 1 :
;
"
'U(U
;
\
%
\O5 ',RQe,'#/7 o#
#yBi
"U&%
=
Khezri et al. 2011
>
+ 1 .
%
##
( 6 0 1 .
% #/7 1
A3 1U,
b'H
Skim milk
= (5\
|
#4\7#'6R
25
>
6LI7 0
,%?'UI P
+}
7u#X IR(+Q( Z#/7 P
L',Z$
(#- L 0
:F8D,E0,
; ',
;
; 5
; O
;
\
#
;;
o 6i
;;
+
"U&%
=
Schaad et al. 2001
>
_ LI7 b'H + +O-
R25g#2 3+\%+Q
; RO72 3+\%++
R"/S-
3+ \%+ h- G:
V R#&F 3+ Q + A$
R\'/- 3+g 3+
\O'A, 3+L'
\ A#7
=
pH:10
>
+ 1 .
%
# #/7
6 0 L~
,%
P 7u#X+}
( Z#/7
LI% ?D4 L',Z$ ( 7_ L:
+ \O5
L1X#1 . 0
8G0,
"U&%+6i1M(5
=
Schaadet al.
>2001
+#/7(S',\O5+.ANk#
6g<a#4% '1#4O', '%
0
#/7
%
_LI7b'H+
+ R"/S- g#2 h-
Q&g#2
RgZX
\%+Q #7g#2 R\'7
+O- 25g#2 +
3+
' +/I%
1 1U,A3
++LI7
/P.+
+#2 61U 0
"+
"+N ,%
P
7u#X+ 7
( Z#/7 LI%?D4
L:
# 6 0
H:F/
+01 ,
*
* ,
* 0
1 2 .:A+!
'D#
P P )'
; '
; i(o
Siddiqui and
Shaukat 2004)
>
; /#''97
; 6+
0 +
1 %I i 1/%
1.2
@#$
1 ?' \]
" 2 #*] 1 U'/l- % +O-
/
?/ #/
6 0
#cBR:(cB(XF" 2cB T
1
=
>
6aF/
0
(1^LI7 1 .
% LxY#/7
cfu/ml
! "O' 1 1'D
ml
u#X cB 1
1[%'2 6 1$v % 0
"%'2 &' ( Z ( +
R#/7 O%L' +C
M. javanica
?B+1
1'NZ #_ 1
+O$ 1[%'2 #% u#X 6 6
0
#/7L']
2 7 1 .
% (K- h-?D4 (
R & )' "( ( o#
sB6 R2 + Z %
++ Z V QIB"(R1]#"(R1I#"(R\F
''Z1]QIB"(1I 6
0 2+ Zi&6 +
V 1I++.\F o#
+DI'-\/'
#
=
Tylor and Sasser 1978
>
g<
6 0
+
#$W#X(\F%
'6$ 'H+"+#
\%+ D4 A 1 3+
L' } 1']+
O'5
6i&6 0
+ 1I2A 6i
o#
sB6
= R2 "
R2
f R2 f f R2
f 2 M' (
2 >
6 ( 0
l7 z#X m,] + M(5
$+G +D4
?6 &' Q
R#/7 1 .
1 . + W'
MD1.8
%6 RN2.2
=
"
#/7 &
>R LNd %6
=
" & +
#/7
>
N2M7 &&'
=
#2\g#2Q
>
+ D4 #U #.
6 0 1 . +
B.thuringensis1838
=
"'U7
#/7
% /Z3
>
B. subtilis
= DI+#$@I+"'U7
>
1
":
#/7
% 1F2 "(5 + sFI
H, O'
6 0
7C
++
% 1 L+
5
"(5 +
/( M< %
1F2 g#
O$
SPSS v.17
&/_ 3+
h-
Rg 3 6?'H1O<
#%#+ /*B
6H,O'M(5 0
;<.=
1
* /+0
* 8
4!
* I
!
* /
* +01
*
* +
*
1 2
'_(
P I#$
; 1 1.2
@#$
; +
;
"/E/F`O
Rv"#B
<- GU
#2#/71 . LNdg
6( .#2&'( Z 0
#/7
% s,B 6
1 A3 12#- RLF #% \x #7 %
g#
%2
#*]
( +
1'6_A/%
%
LI7b'H+mZI+yZ+\xRu3 6 + 0
;;
- }
; 2#
; 1
%
; /7
;;
' ( #
; 4
; c#
;;
g#7
; '9/#/7B
; (&7+ Z++#
1 .
%
1 @ D]
#/712#-u#X+'1?
6 %I8Y25b'H+
.
=.+
+01 , 9/+
B8>?/@78
/!
@
@I(5 b#6 + /( M< "(5 ( Z
( n AH6##'k 1 .
% C#/7
&\F
M. javanica
#
; o O<
; 'H1
;
?
5
; ++
%
;
= .
>
+ ZR L' .
;
; 1
;
#
"(5
%
;
&O5#
; F/
; 6a
; 0 6
;
;
1 .
% /F/
;
"(5(+
%
; U'U
;
o#
i
#/7+ /%
6
(Logan and De Vos 2006, Schaad et al. 2001)
6g<
; 0 +
`&<
o#
RUe,O'$A'3GB
Ue,$
'
; '&'6
;
; R .
;
; 1
%
; F/
;
;
; 1 12
%
;
B.cereus
R
B.megaterium
R
B.badius
R
B.licheniformis
Bacillussp.
= .
>
Z
; /6+W
; 0
&%
; P
#/7
% 1' RLNd g#2R?U6
LNd (C7
+ y' S +
g/gS /6
0
. 0 &\Fp#g :C#'T# 3+'@'
#
#k 1 .
% ( Z@I(5b#6+F/#/7
?D4 L:LI%
\Fp#g :
>= >=C#'T# #/71 . >=\Fp#g : >=C#'T# #/71 .
ff
e aff MD6.5 bc ab ff MD1.2
ef c! Bag2.8 abff cdefg ! Bag2.13
g bff Bag2.12a a!ff ab! N2.2
i ab MA2.8 h cde!f MD5.5
ef g MF2.5 h ff aff Ch1.2
ab ab ff MA1.7 fg efg ff Bag2.8
ab defg ff MF1.g4 d ! cdef!ff FT1.7
00
fg cd!f MA2. ab ab MD5.2
ff
ab fg MD1.7 c!! fg MD1.8
! ff
c efg ff Gol2.1 fg fg MA1.3
++
'@'R%
1 1 .#%##U /%
0 '@'1Iu#_
Zul/Bg :#@'"/#%+%
)*++
"5'
% 0L
.
0 1 .6
"(5o##/7%
'&'6'Ue,$%
2
MD12
BAG213
N22
MD55
CH12
BAG28
FT17MD52
MD18
MA13
MD65
BAG21
BAG212 a
MA28
MF25
MA17
MF1.g4
MA24
MD17
GOL21
#*]
mM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
%S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+#7+gS -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(C7 +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
6 (%
+ - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - + -
(% 6 +
- + + + - + - + - + + - - - + + - + -
c#H +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
VP +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +?'/
( ' ', ((
+ - - - - - - - + + + - - - - + + - +
+ + + + + - + - - + + - - + - + - + - + /'
+
'CeO', '%
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1/IO', '%
+ + + + + + + - + - + + + - + + - - + +
A#/'(+/
+ - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + - + +
('/, -
+ - - - + + - + - - + + - + - - - - -
+ 6 pH=5.7 +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Q&+ 6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Q&+ 6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - -
++ 6 +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - +
++ 6 +
- + - + + + -
- + + - - + + + J +
- -
8 +
* ,
* 0 D,E
* 8 E
* D,
* 8 :F
*
G
* 8
+01 9:/.+
+
#
% g<
6
;
&
; .
; 1
%
; F/
;
/
;
#-
; S',(
; ',(
7 +.
,_
17 R L',Z$
1 .
%
Bag213
R
MD1.2
R
FT1.7
R
MA2.8
R
MF1.g4
MD1.7
'H+
; +'](#-b
= .
; f 0>
&O5 L',Z$ ( ( K- 1 .
%
Ro'F/
LI%
. P
##
o#
%#*]
,P
"(5+ ',
C#'T# 3+&O5%
&\Fp#(LZ&
= .
>
#
"(5
% F2
; 1 F/
; 6a
;
;;
0
. f0
#2 1 .
%
#/7 o#
(S',(#-',U,5R(#-\O5 ',"O'
#/71 .
#-\O5 ( '](#-\O5 (S',\O5
#/71 . (#-\O5
'](#-\O5 (S',\O5
MD1.2
Bag2.1
Bag2.13
Bag2.12a
N2.2
MA2.8
MD5.5
MF2.5
Ch1.2
MA1.7
Bag2.8
MF1.g4
FT1.7
MA2.4
MD5.2
MD1.7
MD1.8
gol2.1
MA1.3
MD6.5
\l:
R
#1 m'
"I %+
V , ' O5
\ 1
"O' Zv RE' b/
' H+aB b'
#LI7 1X
L 0
H:F +01
;1, Bacillus
0, 1
2 .:A+!
1 .
% aF/###/7
_#+ 6 P
(?N]
%#21I&'M%7H,
; .2
; 1
@#$
; O'
&L'Z&.?'
;
#/7b#6+
6
; F2
; 1
\]
(5?' M
6 0 1 .
%
#x(
%#21I &/(#/7
; ZA
+
+ )*
h- 3+
"I ++
0
"(5h/
1F2
+ + 1 .
%
"' E/F
7 V
"O' M%7
cB+&'sB6
%
&'
; 6 1 .
%
;
L#/7
= .
0>
#2 _%&'
; (7
ZA$l/B
%6%&'B#'+
L 0
;
#
; o /
; +Rh .
; 1
%
;
MD1.8
R
MA1.7
R
FT1.7
MD6.5
-
; 2(K
; L68 D4
; -?
; h ((
1X#%#U+ &2'%RM(5g<
I %I
=
?U6 0>
1 .
% 78
#k #/D
#/7 %#2 1I & 2 7 1.2
@#$
++"I1F2b#6+
0
# n
#'k 1 .
%
'2 6%/7$$
1.2
@#$
y_+
#2&'
M. javanica
#"(#/I'17++"I
781 .D41J#%g 1IQIB L ZA
"%'2 6%/7$'+
&' 6 1 .
% %6 1 + #/7
6 %ILNd
= .
>0
.
0 n
#'k 1 .
%
&'M%7#o'##
1F2@I(5b#6+,#/7'%sB6#%#21I
\F++ Z B6
s 2 2+ Z 1]X 1IX (cm) 1]QIB"( (cm)
1IQIB"( (g) 1]#"((g)
1I#"( (g)
&' (g)
a
|
!
a
|
ef
| f f
|
! g
| ff d
| g
| +,5 %6 efg
g
f e
f bc
bc
! bcd
| f a
! b
|
\, %6 def
f c
|
c
| ! ef
de
|
ef
| c
|
| e efg B. thuringensis
ff
| f cd
c ff cde
| def f fg
| c
| f
| B. subtilis fg
f de
ff
|
!
c
| f ef
f ef
| f cde
| bc
|
d
| f N2M7 & de
ff
| f ef
ff cd
|
fg
| f
bcd
|
f b
| f a
| f
f b
|
MA1.3 cd
| g
ff
| f ff e
| f ef
f cd
|
f ef
|
!f c
|
f d
| efg FT1.7
ff
|
ef
ff
|
d
| f
b
| f bcd
|
b
| f c
|
f c
|
cd N2.2
ff
| g
| ff e
| ff g
| cd
| f
! de
|
!f c
|
! f d
| MA1.7 bc
g
ff e
| f bcd f cd
| f e
| c
|
! d
| MD6.5 bc
g
|
e
| f
bcd f a
|
f bc
f a
| f b
|
! Md1.8 a
ff
| f b
ff b
| ! def
| f
!f ef
| f c
|
f c
| g Ch1.2
g
e
| f ff bcd
| f cd
| ef
| c
| ff d
| bc Bag2.13
ff
| f fg
| f d
a
| f b
|
a
| ab
| f
a
|
Md1.8 + N2.2 b
+U+"(5o# #2 )*
0
"/
c#/Iu#_+%
"
Zul/B
)*++
/%
0
;<
iO@.
e,'#/7%
; 7.1Q
; +#
L(:'&'6g&
*'H
; /&7
;
$#
; G/]
; +(+
;
&%1#
; +#
; 0 '+
; :"
;
?
'_ + #/ #/7' P
#$
R1I n #'k 1 .
%
'K.
; /7+o
;
&'#
; I
;
%#21
; +
GH
; /F AC
; E
;;
. +
; ] 1
; /$#2 #
; L 1 0
"4&D%/7$
\O5
% L',/R
&+%
', 6 ( 12
%
% &#/7+o'K.
j 6 1/B6 #k
0
"' ( GU
<- 1 .
R#+o' 1 .
%
#/I'17 3+
'T#
; p#C#
I
;
"
R /6+\F
7+C'
;
&'M%
; 21I
; +O'%#
b#6 1F2 ++"I?'\]
0
#l:
++
"(5 h/ R/( M< 1 J# %
%
L'H.O'&O5 .
; 1
% 1LN##
;
;
# 1 .
%
; G
; W 7
;;
# +0 .
; 1
% F/
; a 6
; +
"(5 2sB6#x(&O5/(M<%
#O' 6
0 1 .
%
MD6.5
Bag2.13
#x(
6"O'M%7
;
&'sB
; F2+
; 7O'1
;
IC
"
++
# 1I
% +,5
&' 6
1
% 7_
( C
"5
% +
#/7
\l:
&' 1I
%#2 +
=
?U6 0>
#
; JNo
\'U ' ?7 ^. 5
1Z,* %
+ 6
,#/7'L']@I(5 1 .
%
#]#1F2+
6 0
?U6 0
##1 .+&'sB6"O'M%7
MD6.5
+,5\, %61+
g<5O',5
g# 6
O$
SPSS v.17
"I
.+17++
P
; g 6+#
; sB6M%7#l:
$R&'
; 6%/7
; '
; O
;n 'k
;
#
; O
;
/6+
5 g<%O',
O' 6 j
Lm*
0
1 .
%
MA1.7
R
FT1.7
R N2.2
M%7+O'Bt
%#2 1I &' A 6 1.2
@#$
@I(5 +
Z)*+ +82#k
1 .D41LN
;
#
;
#
;
=
MD1.8
R
MA1.7
R
FT1.7
>MD6
]
;;
#
/$#2 0 +/(M<"(5 1 .D4+
h/O' 1F2
n '
#7 + 0
# 1 .
% +
#/7#
#'@&I4 + 1
0 A#k#
6 1 .
% 1I\/'%g
'2
1.2
@#$
17+"5(7_
1 .
%
#l:##
#6+,#/7'C R1F2@I(5b
'O''2 6%/7$
j
#k 0 +
# l: R1Z,*
#'kn 1 .
% 1 #/7
X
(5+R&'#/712 .
m'7##k +
. P #/7
MD1.8
& #/7 #N2.2
#'2 6%/7$(
6 0 /
?3_h
g<%O',5(
m'7#17+#@' 6 +
( Q #% 1 + 1 . 1 .
%
MD1.8
1N2.2
#"(MO$m.12 .X
QIB
61]X
1 .,
MD1.8
&'1+
N'7#
MD1.8
. N2.2
P Q RN2.2
#C L6+%#21I &#/7+
= .
0>
#
#'kn 1+N2M7 &
1 .
%
g& 17 ++ "I #/7 mF/
1 .
% O. 1
. P
Ch1.2
M7 &1LN
#'kn +#/I'
MD6.5
/6+ %#2 1I & #/7 R'[&%
A#k
6 1 .
% '2 1.2
@#$
#/I''
+N2M7 &(
0 1.
1
?U6 1 .
%
MD6.5
R
MD1.8
R
MD1.8
RN2.2 MA1.7
R
Bag2.13
#/I'
#'kn /6+1I#"(
#2+
5%
Ra
b
/$#2#]bc
0
+@#$1.2 %#21I&'+1I#"(MO$++,5\, %6o'##%1 . 1 0?U6 1F2b#6
; N'7#
; A
6
;
;
;
;;
; M
&D
;;
+
?&H/
1 '2 "+#7
&'
% 6 1/6+ 1I R
: #(
6 1I
% m'5 L:# 1 +
1I
% 6 O@. . &' AB
%+M%7 0
1*+
P IX P
"%'2
+,5
&' 6 %6R#/7 j
m*
7r
; 6#
;
; L
= .
;
0>
;
#
; /N&%
;
@
;;
1 L+
5 ,#/7'L']' 1 .
%
#/7
%#21I &
1.2
@#$
@I(5b#6+
"O' 1 ,N] ?] @/N&% 17 ++ "I 1F2
|
p# 3+ #/7 AH6# '
" I
&\F
M. javanica
+2sB6@I(5+
F2
;
; . 1
; ++ + 0 '[&%
; R
@/N&%
;
; C
Z
; ' 1 +
; "O
| B6 '
; 6 s
;
1 .
% I"(
"52sB61
b#6+%
F2
;;
;
%I1
; 6
; 0 /
; 3_h
; M%-(?
; 1/$
%
; 'H#@+
;
*
; ++L 0
.
; 1
%
/F
; E
B. thuringiensis
'Z&.
;
& L
;;
;;
%
;;
M. javanica
M. incognita
'1
;
"O '@&I4
;
# '-
;
; +5
=
Zukermanet al1993
0>
'[&%
; R
#
%
*+.(7_
P L'Z&.'LNd
%
&
;;
xY
; L /F %
;;
E
; /7
;;
# Bt
L
=
Esmail and Fadel 1999
0>
;
#
;
%
; /7
;;;
#
@+/(
;;
#
; 2
; 1
%
B. cereus
=
Nageshet al.
>2005
R
Bacillussp.
=
Huanget al. 2005a
>
B.
nematocida
=
Niu et al. 2006
>
R
; j
; k
; 2#
;;
8
\O5
% 1#/7E/F
M%7+%(#-
#/7 % & L',Z$
"5
% L 0 1/$
%
g< AZ,* h/ O' 1Z,*
# N '+ + 6
L']
12
% 1I &#/7+o'K.
%#2
n ' 7 +#7 ( iO2 ', R
1 .
% 1I &&'#/7+o'
%#2 1.2
@#$
I7+
L 0
+DI'-
+6 1:O + #/I' AZ,*
g<
+6
% 1 .
%
#7r Z'NXb#6+ 6
+5# O' 6
R?3_ h/ 1 1. +
$
"'C#
( m % 1 .
% 1'D 6
17 +
++"IC+#U&:
0
1I#"(
25
20
15
10
5
0
REFERENCE
Butt TM, Jackson C, Magan N (2001) Fungi as Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential.
CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, pp. 18.
Damadzadeh M(2006) Nematology in agriculture. 1ed. Andishe-Gostar, Esfehan. (In Persian)
Gardener BBM(2004) Ecology ofBacillusandPaenibacillusspp. in agricultural systems. Phytopathology 94: 1252125.
Huang X, Niu Q, Zhou W, Zhang K (2005a) Bacillus nematocida sp. nov., a novel bacterial strain with nematotoxic activity isolated from soil in Yunnan, China. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 28:
323327.
Huang X, Tian B, Niu Q, Yang J, Zhang L, Zhang K(2005b) An extracellular protease fromBrevibacillus laterosporus G4 without parasporal crystal serve as pathogenetic factor in the infectionagainst
nematodes. Research Microbiology 156:719727.
Huang Y, Xu C, Ma L, Zhang K, Duan C, Mo, M (2009) Characterization of volatiles produced from Bacillus megaterium YFM3.25 and their nematicidal activity againstMeloidogyne incognitaEuropean Journal of Plant Pathology 26: 417-422.
Ismail AE, Fadel M(1999) Field application of three local isolates ofBacillus thuringiensisfor controlling the citrus nematode,Tylenchus semipenetransEgyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 9: 21-27.
Javed N, El-Hassan S, Gowen S, Pemproke B, Inam-ul-Hap M (2008) The potential of combining Pasteuria penetransand neem (Azadirachta indica) formulation as a management system for root-knot nematodes on tomato. European Journal of Plant Pathology 12:5360.
Keshavarzi M, Khogand S, Abdollahi H, Zargar K(2006) Isolation, differentiation and identification of localBacillus thuringiensis strains. In:17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran. 481. (In Persian)
Khezri M, Ahmadzadeh M, Salehi-jouzani Gh, Behboudi K, Ahangaran A, Mousivand M, Rahimian H (2011) Characterization of some biofilm-forming Bacillus subtilis strains and evaluation of their biocontrol potential againstFusarium culmorumPlant Pathology 93: 373-382 (In Persian)
Khezri S, Ahmadzadeh Gh, Salehi Jouzani K, Rahimian H(2010) A study on the effect of sugars and amino acids secreted from wheat root on biofilm formation ofBacillus subtilis .In:19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran 417. (In Persian)
Lian LH, Tian BY, Xiong R, Zhu MZ, Xu J, Zhang KQ(2007) Proteases from Bacillus: a new insight into the mechanism of action for rhizobacterial suppression of nematode populations. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 45:262-269.
Logan NA, De Vos P (2006)Bacillus Cohn 1872, 174AL, In: De Vos P et al. (ed.), Bergey Systematic Bacteriology, 2ed, Vol. 3. Springer Pub. pp. 21-128.
Majzoob SH, Karegar Bideh A, Zarghani HA(2010) Effect ofPseudomonas fluorescensCHAO, Bacillus subtilis and Pantoea sp. in the control of Meloidogyne javanica on cucumber (Super Amelia and Royal).In:19thIranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran 533. (In Persian)
Nagesh M, Asokan R, Mohan KS(2005) Partial characterization of novel nematicidal toxins fromBacillus cereus Frankland 1887 and their effect on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita ( Kofoid
&White) Chitwood Journal of Biological Control 19:65-69.
Natarajan N, Cork A, Boomathi N, Pandi R, Velavan S, Dahkshnamoorthy G (2006) Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold, Tagetas erecta for control tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Crop Protection 25: 1210-1213.
Niu Q, Huang X, Tian B, Yang J, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang K(2006a)Bacillussp. B16 kills nematodes with a serine protease identified as a pathogenic factor.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.69:722 730.
Niu Q, Huang X, ZhangL, Lian L, Li Y, Li J, Yang J, Zhang K(2007) Functional identification of the gene bace16 from nematophagous bacterium Bacillus nematocida. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 75:141148
Niu Q, Huang X, Zhang L, Li Y, Li J, Yang J, Zhang K (2006b) A neutral protease from Bacillus nematocida, another potential virulence factor in the infection against nematodes. Archives of Microbiology.185:439448.
Pegard A, Brizzard G, Fazari A, Soucaze O, Abad P, Djian-Caporalino C (2004) Histological characterization of resistance to different root-knot nematode species related phenolics accumulation in Capsium annuum. Phytopathology 95: 158-165.
Sadeghi Z E, Mahdikhani Moghaddam E, Azizi M (2010) Evaluation of Nematicidal Effect of essential oils from some medicinal plants against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanicain laboratory
condition. Journal of Plant Protection 24: 62-68 (In Persian).
Sasser JN, Freckman DW(1987) A world perspectiveon nematology: the role of the society. InVeech,
JA, Dickson DW (ed.), Vistas on Nematology, Society of Nematologists, Hyatsville. pp. 714.
Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chum W(2001) Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria.
3rded. The American Phytopathology Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Siahpoush S, Sahebani N, Aminian H(2010) Effect of integration of Bacillus cereus and salicylic acid against Meloidogyne javanicaon cucumber. In:19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran 638. (In Persian)
Siddiqui A, Shaukat S (2004) Systemic resistance in tomato induced by biocontrol bacteria against theagainst the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica is independent of salicylic acid production.
Phytopathology 152: 48-54.
Siddiqui ZA, Mahmood I(1999) Role of bacteria in the management of plant parasitic nematodes: a review.
Bioresource Technology 69: 167179.
Taba S, Sawada J, Moromizato Z I(2007) Nematicidal activity of Okinawa island plants on the root-knot nematode (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Plant and Soil 303: 207-216.
Tylor AL, Sasser JN (1978) Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne species. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh. NC. 111pp.
Zukerman BM, Dicklow MB, Acosta N(1993) A strain ofBacillus thuringiensisfor the control of plant- parasitic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 3: 41-46.