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1- Sadjadi A, Nouraie M, Mohagheghi MA, Mousavi-Jarrahi A, Malekezadeh R, Parkin DM. Cancer occurrence in Iran in 2002, an international perspective. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2005; 6 (3): 359-63.
2- Mousavi SM, Montazeri A, Mohagheghi MA, Jarrahi AM, Harirchi I, Najafi M, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: an epidemiological review. Breast J. 2007; 13 (4): 383-391.
3- Tuttle TM. Technical advances in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2004; 70 (5): 407-413.
4- Port ER, Fey J, Gemignami ML, Heerdt AS, Montgomery LL, Petrek JA, et al. Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new option for patients with primary or locally recurrent breast carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2002; 195 (2):
167-172.
5- Cantain J, Scarth H, Levine M, Hugi M; Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer: 13. Sentinel lymph node biopsy. CMAJ. 2001; 165 (2): 166-173.
6- Ahrendt GM, Laud P, Tjoe J, Eastwood D, Walker AP, Otterson MF, et al. Does breast tumor location influence success of sentinel lymph node biopsy? J Am Coll Surg. 2002; 194 (3): 278-284.
7- Varghese P, Mostafa A, Abdel-Rahman AT, Akberali S, Gattuso J, Canizales A, et al. Methylene blue dye versus combined dye-radioactive tracer technique for sentinel lymph node localization in early breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2006; 33 (2): 147-152.
8- Argon AM, Duygun U, Acer E, Daglioz G, Yenjay L, Zekioglu O, et al. The use of periareolar intradermal Tc-99m tin colloid and peritumoral intraparenchymal isosulfan blue dye injections for determination of the sentinel lymph node.
Clin Nucl Med. 2006; 31(12): 795-800.
9- Kern AK. Concordance and validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer using subareolar injection of blue dye and Technetium 99m sulfur colloid. J Am Coll Surg. 2002; 195 (4): 467-475.
10- McMasters KM, Tuttle TM, Carlson DJ, Brown CM, Noyes RD, Glaser RL, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: a suitable alternative yo routine axillary dissection in multi-institutional practice when optimal technique is used. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18 (13): 2260-2266.
11- Mahajna A, Hershko DD, Israelit S, Abu-Salih A, Keidar Z, Krausz MM. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer: the first 100 cases performed in a teaching institute. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003; 5 (8): 556-559.
12- Gipponi M, Bassetti C, Canavese G, Catturich A, Di Somma C, Vecchio C, et al. Sentinel lymph node as a new marker for therapeutic planning in breast cancer patients. J Surg Oncol. 2004; 85 (3): 102-111.
13- Veronesi U, Paganelli G, Vaile G, Luini A, Zurrida S, Galimberti V, et al. A randomized comparison of sentinel- node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349 (6): 546-553.
14- Nogochi M. Sentinel lymph node biopsy as an alternative to routine axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients. J Surg Oncol. 2001; 76 (2): 144-156.
15- Schwartz GF. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in carcinoma of the breast: currect update. Breast J. 2004; 10 (2): 85-88.
16- Schiver S, Cox C, Leight G, Beauchamp D, Blumencranz P, Ross M, et al. Final results of the Department of Defense multicenter breast lymphatic mapping trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002; 9 (3): 248-55.
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18- Veronesi U, Galimberti V, Mariani L, Gatti G, Paganelli G, Viale G, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: early results in 953 patients with negative sentinel node biopsy and no axillary dissection. Eur J Cancer. 2005;
41 (2): 231-237.
19- Noguchi M, Kurosumi M, Iwata H, Miyauchi M, Ohata M, Imoto S, et al. Clinical and pathologic factors predicting axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2000; 7 (2):114-123.
Title: Evaluation of axillary lymph node involvement in patients with breast cancer according to sentinel lymph node involvement
Authors: M. Moghimi1, SA. Marashi2, F. Kamani2, A. Kabir3
Background and Aim: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a useful way of assessing axillary nodal status and obviating the need for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the SLN biopsy in the correct prediction of ALN involvement.
Materials and Methods: Thirty three patients with breast cancer that had been operated in Ayatollah Taleghani and Mehr hospitals in Tehran were enrolled in a prospective study. In these patients, at first SLN biopsy and then ALND was performed. SLN was found via radionuclide scintigraphy and blue dye during the surgery. Both SLN and ALN involvement were assessed by a pathologist.
Results: Mean age of the cases was 52.03±8.4. Accuracy of SLN in predicting ALN involvement was 90.91% (Confidence Interval: CI=95%: 77.88%-96.60%), sensitivity was 92% (Confidence Interval =95%:
75.03%- 97.78%) and specificity was 87.5% (CI =95%: 52.91%-97.76%).
Conclusion: Success rate of SLN finding was high; so SLN biopsy can be used to determine the stage of breast cancer in hospitals and the centers which have these equipments.
Key Words: Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Accuracy; Breast cancer; Axillary lymph node
1Corresponding Author; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran [email protected]
2Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
3Physician, Methodology and Statistics Consultant, Nikan Health Researchers Institute, Tehran, Iran
