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"#$ ! : 09155255583 Sadeghin@um.ac.ir
E-mail:
Apoidea
)
Insecta:
Hymenoptera
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Anthidium
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3= 9W !" 5
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/ 29
% 14 / 28
%
1 = !
. 51 8 1 4 6 71
Andrena sp.
1
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30
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3 4 5- 6 4 # - 7-/8- 5- 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 3 = 2+ > ? ) @ A B5 - 4 65 9C 6 ;
1D 9:- E 0 C 24 ;
. G - ! 67
; < 5 JA $ K 4 9:- 2+ 5 - #+ 1 ; + L ;
Kevan,1999; Michener, 2007 ) .(
1-/
9:- 2+ )4 65 9C >M NO 5- 6 4 PL 4-
EA- QR9 >-29!
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Losey & Vaughan, )
.(2006
1 9:- 2+ >-29! )C EA- - 24 T 4 @ $ 25
$ 30 )L - EC 9 1 U8 6-VW
4
Roubik, 1995) .(
) @ A /:- B5 - >M NO
4 G T < 5 E @ X: 5- . 2 - 65 9C 5
$
14 EA- D24 M 1 # 4
Southwick & )
Southwick, 1992
.(
0 - B5 - - 25
/ 4 1 # 4
EA- 5 R$ 0
Borneck & Marle, )
.(1989
2 ?- 6 ; A ; < 5 6 4 6 ; ZL A C 2 [$ D 2.
EA- 2 .
S 1- T )4
Gauld &
Bolton 1988)
( - ? M 4
Apoidea
J : G -
6 - ?
Sphecidae Apidae
< 5 $ )L -
- ? - 1 9:- 2+ 6 ;
Apidae
- 6 8 .
0 - 1 : L 2L - P 0
Fauna europaea )
organization
( + 6 ; < 5 ) #C/
1 9:- 2
Bees) (
- ? -
Apidae
EA- - 6 8 .
2 ?- \< ]<^
- ? M 4
Apoidea
)4 5
G - ?
Sphecidae
Ampulidae Crabronidae
Heterogynaeidae
Apidae
EA- 6 4 Z $
Michener .
1994) (
1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5
Bees) ( - 11 ) <^ - ?
4 1D - X$ D X4 @ 2C 6 - ,; C E"; )4 - ;
Michener, 2007) .(
/ 2" 0- )4 3 A 6 ; < 5 2+
Apiformes) (
1 4 _`A aX9 6 ; L - 4
- 8- 5- a T 6 0 )* 0 )L: )XA $ 6- T 4 b ."A- 6 ; < 5 X ?
Sphecoid) (
/ L
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)4 EA- 6 - RL + )C U D - 8- ec? 24 ; )L: 2 [$ 6 - ? 2+ U
EA-
Gauld & )
Bolton, 1988
.(
M 4 ; G .9$ 6 ; - ? - X$ 5- 2= e2
Apoidea - ? f $ 6 ; ) +
M 4 -
4 - ? 24 g@
29767 G ) + 10000
32" "A- ) +
Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, )
Heterogynaeidae & Crabronidae Veprek & ) (
Straka, 2007
( 19767 1 9:- 2+ ) +
Apiformes) (
EA-
Asher & Pickering, 2011) (.
- ? 6 ; ) + - X$ 2 ?- \< ]<^
Apidae
1-2 - 546 2Ch EA-
. 2 )C EA- @ ! -
#?- \4 )C - 1 9
i * 5- 310
) +
- ?M 4
Apoidea
1-2 - 82
72 67 60 16
10 2 1 6 ; - ? )4 ]#XL a $2$ )4 ) +
Crabronidae Sphecidae
Apidae Megachilidae
Halictidae Andrenidae
Colletidae Melittidae
4
Esmaili & Rastegar, 1974)
Mirabzadeh
et al., 1991; Talebi,1992;
Ebadi, 1995; Izadi et
al., 1999; 2006;
Fallahzadeh et al,. 2006,
Tavakkoli et al, 2010; Mohammadian,2003; 2010;
Ebrahimi, 2008; Sakenin et al., 2010; 2011;
Ghazi-Soltani et al., 2010 a,b Khaghaninia et al., 2010) .(
M 4 6M 4 i $ E ;- ZW #T $ <T )4
Apoidea - ? : i $ 5 ;
2+ - - -2
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2002) ( L 5 i $
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; 1D 5- 1- T )4
ZL A C- L? 3 4 E Xj ) 6-24 N?
; 1 5 1 . EA- "LA-
. 3 = 3 4 2SC-
k2X 1 - 6 ; E@ ? E#T )4 65 9C 6 ; L ; PL" D .
E9C 65 l ? 2 = $ # T
a<A E - 24 6 4D ; C ; ,C E:D 24 C . / : J -2 > 5- > $ C >-2 [$
)C L 5 )X 8
3 = 3 4 2.# T )* L
2 [$ B RLA - 1D ; 5 4 6 - 0 m NR4 C
Altieri et al., 2005) .(
2+ >-29! ). - 4
E ;- 1 U8 _`A 6 2U4 6 - 0 6-24 1 9:- 9: EO$ >- 8 - 5 2 - @ - 6- K
L ; 6294 6 ; E @ X: 5- -/:
. 6 4
+ E 5 1D Z $ ;
PL 5 - 8 ;
;
65 9C "LA- > < C2$
6-24 )L? ZU 6 ; 2`? 4 2 W 6 ; ) +
; ,; C - U D E X 8 4 ; 1 9:- 2+
Potts et al., 2006) .(
, $ G - ! 4 6 ; ZL A
a 2j )C ; ) + a@ W - 62$M 4 L4
- -2: PL" D , $ 4 )C ; ZL A @ L ; )8-
;- ? 3- G OL 6 ; ) + J :
D . 2.# T > <o 24 L 5 i $ 2 o $ P Pp 4
ZL A
Tilman et al.
1998) ( -5 4 )4 - L 5 i $
` ; )C LX ) <9$ ) 2A )C 6
) 2A q ; -5 4 5- " ^ 6 -V+ ) 2A / 65 9C 6 ; 3 = 3 4 ; ,; C - 6 -V+
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1- T )4 U D i $ E X 8 )L:2+ -2 2=
J O 5- 6 4 E Xj 4 5 - 6-24 L 5 Q?
"LA- U D >- @ $ ;
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L? A l = )4 L 5 i $ 4 5 - t"! 1D O$ 2 A 2C C ZL A C- EA-2!
` O >-2 [$ 2L C A 24 d 2 ?h
? E ;- 5- L 5 i $ 24 2o G - T A EA- - ?24
Burely, 2002) .(
E ;- )C 6 8 4
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Wood & )
Lenné, 1999
.(
1 Z;-2: = )4 LA- -
2L9 4 . d @ C- > X@ ` 6-24 6 4 > Tc^- - - )#!2 2j ! 6 )X@ `
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5 $ 4 .
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J -2 E - E C ZL A E!
.
L - .
; ) 6 4 -2 ; $ 1 6 D \ 8
)9 )4 1 4/ GO n $2 = $ NR9 E<o
q # $- G.@- 6 LO 6 ; 75
% G L .
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6 -V+ C B q ."$ P9 5D A
$ .
; ) A - 4
\ 8 6 ; < 5 5-
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Michener Bennet 2LC
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. )T * L 6 ; )
U9 A 2: P9 - . /0 + 2+ >-29!
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0 1 A 5- u0 6 - 24 )
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6 5- ; < 5 5- ) + 2;
$
; 6 ; < 5 GC - X$ 24 ) + 2; GC - X$ Z 6
D \ 8 6
z A- 24 QR9 n $ 2;
P ) f#LR 6 ; n $ ; - -2:
X$ ) ` NO 2; a@ W 6 ; ) + 6 - 24
2+
. - -2: ; ) + - X$ )4 )8 $ 4
<
1D
; 5 i $ 6- ) + 6 W L
)X 8 L?- .
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. Q? )<A O 6-24
a 2j 6- ) + i $ L?- . 6- ) + 6 W 6 ;
"LA- 2 5 6 ; 2: 5- EU4 9 :
f@- - f@ + Q?
) 1 (
Margalef, 1957) :(
) 1
R= S-1/ Ln (N) (
; ) + - X$ 2: -
S = ) + 3 $ - -2:
;
N = .
w - L?- . Q?
) 2 (
Southwood & )
Henderson, 2000
(:
)4 e 2X 2: 5- L?- . Q? )<A O 6-24
# 0
J') (
"LA- 2 5 |2 )4 :
) 2
E = H/ Ln (S) (
1 Q? -
2 – H =
; ) + - X$
=
.S
6-24 2" 4 L?- . Q?
L?- . G - !
; ) + 4 -2:- \ 5 $ 1
L?- . 2SC- ! 6-24
EA- 2 [L \ 5 $ .
} -
1 Q?
2 –
) 3 (
Southwood & )
Henderson, 2000
( X$2 5 |2 )4
2+
:
) 3
H = -Epi×Lnpi (
1 Q? -
2 – H = - X$
-2:-
) +2;
i ) 3-
pi=
.
- 1 A a 2j )
4 (
Southwood & )
Henderson, 2000
:(
) 4
SQ = 2J / (a + b) (
) )X 8 4 EU4 9 E<
SQ =
)X 8 )4 9 6 ; ) + - X$
J = ) + - X$
f@- )X 8 6 ;
a = w )X 8 6 ; ) + - X$
b = .
2j EU4 9 3 T 6-24 2" 4 1 A a 1
6-24
EA- 2 [L G C EU4 9 .
; - u - P 6
L 5 i $ )4
B
f q8
Heltshe & Forrester, 1983; Colwell & )
Coddington, 1994
( 2+ )<A O .
6-24 uvA
; LC : 2o- X$
)
) ` NO
( 6 ; -
4 G !
u - ) 1 5D
):2^
) /*$
G #O$
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1 5D 5- "LA- 4 ; 29 : > "$ 6 - X G - !
_`A 5 )
SAS Institute, 2003) (.
-./ 01
5- ; ) A 24 - 6
M 4 5- - ?
Apoidea - ? 24 G L9 )C 2+ 6 D \ 8
15
u 8 6 EA- ) + .
i * 360 80 )4 < 5
)* 6 5- a $2$
6 D \ 8 5 0 a $2$ )4 )C
5- 13 10 4 ) + .
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)4 ] O$
6 ; 8 ) ` NO q ."$
1
2 - ) - - .
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q 6 D \ 8 6 ;
1-2 - 1 : 6-24 ) + 7
u 8 5
1 LA- 6-24 / ) +
4 8 B -/+ 6 j 1 A-2?
.
5- q 2; 5- Z= 6 - 24 ) E4 5- ^ 1- p U9 )* aRL i -/
6 - 24 )
GN: ^ ; #+ XL Z= 6 ;
U9 6 ; 1 LA2U )* i -/ 2 A 5- T- 5 i * 1- p 13
5- < 5 ) + 6
|2 )4 - ?
8 1 2+ A 6 D \ 8 .
8 1 - i -/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 < - -2: 6- ) + i $ A 1- p U9 6 ; 1 LA2U )*
1389 .
- ? ) +
< - -2: U9
%) (
< - -2: 1- p
%) (
Apis mellifera Apidae
41 + / + 10
97 / 2
Eucera sp.*
Apidae 0 -
19 + / 1
Amegilla sp.*
Apidae 97 +
/ + 11
61 / 22
Anthophora sp.*
Apidae 52 +
/ - 0
0
Andrena sp.*
Andrenidae 75 +
/ + 18
66 / 16
Halictus patellatus*
Halictidae 58 +
/ + 14
68 / 16
Halictus quadricinctus*
Halictidae 85 +
/ + 8
95 / 6
Anthidium florentinum*
Megachilidae 16 +
/ + 29
14 / 28
Anthidium diadema**
Megachilidae 52 +
/ + 0
59 / 0
Megachile sp.*
Megachilidae 04 +
/ + 1
97 / 2
Bembix sp.*
Crabronidae 60 +
/ - 2
0
Philanthus sp.*
Crabronidae 52 +
/ - 0
0
Sceliphron sp.
Sphecidae 04 +
/ + 1
19 / 1
1-2 - 6-24 LA 6- - ) + 1 C $
4 8 E<o 6 j 1 A-2? 1 LA- 6-24 LA q 6- - 6 ; .
5 0
^ , 5- q 2; 5- Z= 6 - 24 ) E4
6 U - 24 ) 1- p U9 aRL )T / i * 1 LA2U 5 0 i -/ 2 A 5- Z=
10 ) + )4 ]#XL 5
8 |2 )4 - ? 2
\ 8
2+ A 6 D
.
8 2 - A 1- p U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 5 0 i -/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 < - -2: - X$
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-2: U9
< -
%) (
- -2: 1- p
(%)
* Xylocopa valga Apidae
5 + / + 2
2 / 2
* . sp Amegilla Apidae
5 + -
0
Andrena sp.*
Andrenidae 30 +
2 + / 42
Halictus patellatus*
Halictidae 25 +
6 + / 35
Halictus quadricinctus*
Halictidae 5 +
2 + / 2
Cerceris sp.
Crabronidae 5 +
/ 2 -
0
Philanthus sp.*
Crabronidae 25 +
2 + / 2
Sphecius sp.
Crabronidae 5 +
/ + 2
4 / 13
Sceliphron sp.
Sphecidae -
+ 0 2
/ 2
Podalonia sp.
Sphecidae 5 +
/ 2 -
0
; 1 C $ 6 6-24 LA q 6- - 1 :
4 8 E<o 6 j 1 A-2? 1 LA- .
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)* 6- ) + 6 W 2L9 4 A 24 - 2+ ; 9 1- p 5 0 1D 2L C U9
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1D G4 24 ;
L - - X 2 o $ 6- ) + 6 W 2 )
2o- 6-24 NO
:
001 /
< 0 23 P /
=185
33
F1
) ` 2o- 6-24
:
001 /
< 0 45 P /
=98
33
F 1
NO G4 L 2o- 6-24
) ` :
001 /
< 0 86 P /
=40
33
F1
( )<A O - .
; < 5 )X 8 EU4 9 a 2j 6-24
)* NO
U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 4
1- p 82
% NO
1- p U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 4 5 0 66
% 4
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52
% 2+ D24 .
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1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 1 : M 4 E; < 2P 4 4 1 LA2U )* i -/ K )4
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G.
1 - A 1- p U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 5 0 )* NO f@ + 6- ) + 6 W Q? 1-/
1389 .
_`A ; $ - X > "$ 2P 4 )4 9 2 W e 2!
5
% 4 .
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C : 5- q 2; 2o- )C - 1 9 f#LR 6 ; $ # 0 L
X ; ) + \ 5 $ 24 U D G4 L 2o- U $ )4 ; 4 -
) 01 /
< 0 423 P /
=10
33
F 1
) ` 2o- 6-24
:
001 /
< 0 3 P /
=25
33
F 1
NO G4 L 2o- 6-24 ) `
:
001 /
< 0 3 P /
=46
33
F1
( NO 2; .
2;
p 5 0 6 SLA- )4 )X@ ` 1 . 1-
6 ; ZL A 8 6 ; ) + 4 E X 8 \ 5 $ ~L< 6 - 24 )
4 E?- . )
G.
2 .(
G.
2 - A 1- p U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 5 0 )* NO # 0 L?- . Q? 1-/
1389 . 2 W e 2!
X > "$ 2P 4 )4 9 _`A ; $ -
5
% 4 .
1 L 5 i $ Q? -
- 5 0 2
4 U9 48
/ 1
$ 60 / 1 4 1- p 5 0 05
/ 1
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4 U9 )*
74 / 1
$ 9 / 1 4 1- p )*
61 / 1
$
75 / 1 4 2 [L . ):2^ u - ) )C - 1 9
U $ )4 q 2; ) ` NO i 6 - X 2 o $
E - L 5 i $ Q? - 24 )
NO 2o- 6-24 :
001 /
<0 4 P /
=329
33
F1
) ` 2o- 6-24
: 001 /
<0 P
9 /
=126
33
F1
• ;.(
24 ) ` NO G4 L 2o-
4 - X / ; < 5 L 5 i $ )
01 /
< 0 P
5 /
=24
33
F 1
5 i $ Q? - .(
6 ; < 5 L
2 A 5- 6 - X `4 U9 )* 1 9:- 2+
4 2L9 4 ; $ .
Q? - - A 24 - 4 2L C 1- p 5 0
) G.
3 .(
G.
3 -
1 L 5 i $ Q? 2
- U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 5 0 )* i -/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 2
A 1- p 1389
. _`A ; $ - X > "$ 2P 4 )4 9 2 W e 2!
5
% 4 .
6 ; ) + A 24 -
Anthidium florentinum
Andrena sp.
Halictus patellatuds
i -/
a $2$ )4 )X@ ` 1 . 2; )* aRL
a@ W 4 . ) ` 2; 5 0 aRL i -/
6 ; ) + 1- p U9
Andrena sp.
Philanthus
sp.
Halictus patellatus
< - -2: a $2$ )4
L - 62L9 4 )
8 2 .(
1 Q? >-2 [$ 6 ) - -
$ 2" 5- 2 5
M X 5 / 1
$ 5 / 3 EA- 2 [L
Southwood & )
Henderson, 2000
.(
Q? - - A 24 -
4 05 / 1 92 / 1 4 2 [L . Up 2; 2P > <T )4
1 . -
i $ Q? - 6 - 24 ) NO
4 0 L 5 .
- -2: M L!- E Xj - G @
2 = ; ) + 2 P 9p
Andrena sp.
Halictus
patellatu Anthidium florentinum
)4 E<
U D E <@ W ; ) +2 A EA-
. U 4 EA- 2;
6 )X 8 ) + p q )C 5 1 . 4 6- )=!c G4 +2 p 6- - 6 - 24 )
4 ;- ? 0 L 5 i $ Q? -
Disney, )
.(1999
T ]<^
Heithaus 1974)
(
$ a C2$
) + i
PL 4 T- 5 X <^ ; 3 = 3 4 ; < 5 6- - ; + 6 ; ) + a C2$ L? A )4 .
- 24
NO ; < 5 L 5 i $ > "$ z A- - #: > "$ 5- - $ )* 5 0
4 T- 5 ZL A .
T- 5 ZL A )C EA- U 4
q 4 )*
6 - 7 )@ A 6 6-28- 3 T 3-
2 +24 ,C f#T 24 C 8 2 = $ # T \<`@ 4 4 ; + i $ 5- 62$ \ A f ^ , -/:- 4
NO - 2L9 4 3- 4 3- $ ; + i $ i $
- 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; < 5 U D 1 >-29!
2$M 4 - 0 ~L< ) A 4
. a C2$ ; - 24 1 /:-
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2+ 65 9C >M NO 2.# T - - @
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65 9C 6 ; U e2N i $ - -2: ,; C 4
EA- 4 -2 ; 6 8 ; + 6 ; ) + .
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