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D K 2]
hK
K D K ;K <
K O >KZ ] 9
d K i KK
jk = A 2
A O?N )
Grebmeier et al.,
(.1988 i
; lN 6 9 E2K? > >]2 % 2]2
A % & O?N D m_^
. 9 l % i 9
; >BG 2Z* 2* 9 * 9 1]2 n2GA 2Ko^ p K ^ D K6 >K?2T :j^ 1]2 m< B
2K K Q KB D K6 >K?2T * )
Muniz et al.,
2005; Galbrand et al., 2007 .(
& < I <
K N K LN D K >K?2 ? A W > N N K P S * D 6 2 < * S ` ?N F? 2
Q _? J[ N K T
. >K?2 ? 9K >KP K fKe
D K > S6
K[? % K ` G ;K
oZk >< A H2 ; lN
qKZ M D 6
% K& D ;^
) Payakka and Prommi,
.(2014 K KA D KOP P > A2 9
J &K N I K < C MK[ D K [ Z H D K6
m A2< G F? > D @ N D 6
;KA . 5 8
G D 6 d & A 2KF >K
K KG K % i A ;K
) Gerhardt,
(.2001 hK 9 * K % K ` G E2? 9 Q;H 9 `
; 2 P ;? 2 IN
2Ko^ Q;Ke 2Ko^ >< ;
[? N * ? * p A ; 6
K G D 6
O?N
; ) Bonada et al., 2006 (.
R S KT O
`;KK DSKK&<
>KK3= b % KK& KK B KK F? KK6
T 2`N O?N qZ M D O6 T )
Artemiadou
and Lazaridou, 2005 (
r
; >K?2 ? KO?N
>* $ > B D )
Metcalfe, 1989 (
D O6 T
; 6 [ 8 % ` G D A
.
1 AN T;
2]
2 < K gKe
If K=
= A ] s= t
jk
>
I ? N 1 AN
>
2]
6 2
>K . 2K KZ<
KT7
D 6 D PZ e D = A
2]
DS&<
K] 9K
;6 >K<
+KA 8 >K? =
>K bK 2e p KA
< A 1 AN
D 6 D O3=
qZ M
C= >Z ] D 6
CM[
<
) Stephens
and Farris, 2004 .(
2? = K R SK qKZ M D 6 -
2K >K K ? K& KA ^ DSK N T O K[? I2KZ 7 < m< uGA 7 > `N ; lN 2K e >K KO?N D K D i2K T7 9 >< ; 6
C=
K LN K& < D 6 ;K
) Azrina et
al., 2006 .(
9 C= K & KA K6
D K
SKK D mKKO KK
A2< fKKA m KK
KK6 D LN
9 A K ?
\ bK H KA A D K K3
m
T T;K?
A KK m6 KK* KKA N
. KK 5 50 W
qZ M D
<
K &
6 2K[< LN D
> A2
> * K K K< >
2K ) De Pauw and
Vanhooren, 1983 (
K K 2K >K C= K
KKP 7Z KK )
(BBI C= KK BMWP
ASPT
:2O KK Z6 KK C= KK D KK k
C= KK EPT
8 A C= 2 e >
LN K& < K mO D 6
2 ? ) Gerhardt et al., 2004 .(
I Kc 2K >K
W KP 8 KA C=
K 5 K8 D K6
; N
K[? >< ; K@ ;K 6
KA K`N 2K >K K 9K T 2`N LN & <
K ;K ) Czeniawska-Kusza, 2005; Abbasi
and Abbasi, 2011 (.
C=
6 D A & KA l2K
m K
D p A 9
< LN > b W
&
D >K ` G 2K >K?2T K
;K ) Czerniawska-
Kusz, 2005 .(
D KK D KK6 m KK A 9KK KKP
C=
BMWP >K< A
9 K KA ;K v 2K
;? A ZZ ` (ISO)
A > * T H A D
8 i W 8 E S `N D O S N
K K& <
D ] D O N
& A 2K
) Blomqvist, 1991;
Camargo and Gonzalo, 2007 .(
m A D S
A 9 D D 6
>K<
K V K= K N K >K
;? ;? V 3 = D 7 * d] >BG .
C= > A D c< ;K^BMWP
2? K= ; D K6 >K?2 ? 2K]2 D K6 2 < w
;K CMK[ J K N ;K K XxKA
D 6 I ;] & A
D K m A
BMWP
> KA KF? 2K C=
K 2K ) Guntharee,
.(2003
? O? 2F 9 D 2? = D 6
K6
K K ;K K ] m6 >?2 ? 6 NBMWP
; N A; A .
? m A 9
K D K K6
>B 9 >? = N & <
; . >< 6
2? = Q ;< 6 >
K J YKZ K6 2 < D K6
9 1 10 K8 l K ;^ ; 6 [? >< 2
KK ?7 KK < bKK
;KK ) Artemiadou and
Lazaridou, 2005 (
. 2? K= >< D 2 >
>K< K6
K B 9 <
K[ ;K? T 2K`N K 9
2= >
; 6 V 3 = .
I Kc 2 e >
>K
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>
uGKA bK ? 2 >< O <
;? T 2`N l 1
K* T ;K6 2= YZ
) Guntharee, 2003 (.
>t T C=
D 6
><
D K ? K$ =
> A2
; b H
>
D T K<
;K K K
V = sBG G
2 F?
E 2?
T 2K`N
D KK6 N T KKA ;?2KK
) Czeniawska-Kusza,
(2005 I K^ 9 I ;K
9 K C= K m K A
C=
BMWP A
9 ` ><
I KA 1980 >K? = K & < KA D K 2K K6
* T H & A )
Wright et al., 1989 (
;K
6 2K[< KJ & KA D K d _ N ? xKKKA KKK F?
(Zamoea-Munoz and Alba-
Tercedor, 1996) 9 KK ? y N
) Capítulo et al.,
(2001 ; Z ) Mustow, 2002 (
* > A2 .
= y2`2 6
S ?
m A
Q2O&
9 J? K
>
D 6 2 <
) (ASPT 1A
C M[
) I ;]
2 ( >< ;? < 2 e 9
m A
C=
2=
D K e K
K & <
LN K ? >K
1Ephemeroptera
2Plecoptera
E2 _ BMWP
L2 2
) Armitage
et al,1983; Hawkes, 1998 .(
K C= S
>KB 6 A2 )
(ASPT >K K ? 9K BMWP
D K T >?2 ? W I A b3* >?2 ? ;? > >< A K ? >
) Armitage et al., 1983; Hawkes,
(.1998 LN D 6 H2 2
>?;
D N
; 6
h[= >Z^ ><
; P > _
<
F? ;?
= Q2 mO
; ) Williams, 2005 (.
E 2? Q >t T J
6 D K N KO] >K > KA2
O D [<
D
; 6 i D O6 J K
KK N KKH2 KKG= z KK
D KK[
;KK? KKH
) Elmore and Kaushal, 2008 (
KO] 9 K 6 >K
5 K >K 9K K& < % ` G 6 p ^ 5 8 2
.
KG K K d K >K >K]2
>KK? = E2KK? 9KK KK 6 9 KK a 6 KKH2 D KK6
>? = m A2< 6
K D 6
K ` G 9K >
I >]
:;K6 K C= K >K B
K K D K6
C= KK >KK? = KK& < KK D KK E2KK D KK6
< = 1KA D;K >KZ^ ; T Q _?
C= 9 2 >? = 9 & < D 6
>K
A ) bP 1 .(
K_?N >K<
9K
N m< t
;
; N
6 >? = D Z3*
K L2K 2K
.
8 m6 9 A2 % Ke & >K6 N ; t
` P[
b 2K e XK8 ;K
K <
= >KJZ]
K ;K
D A < jT 2<
D _?
;?2 ) Dezhkam, 2010 .(
>
2K
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K p KP ? K@
K H
T 2`N
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2F 9 ;
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and Lazaridou, 2005 (
K K6 >K?2 ? D N K ]
& A J A
2A
>
35
× 35 ? KA K
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; .
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1991; Bouchard, 2004; Miyazaki and Lehmkuhl, 2011 (
& A
; . 9 a 6 & KA
€2*
D oe 2? K= ;^ S ? ; 2?
; T A
;?
.
D m A I ;]
>
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] 2? K= K6 K
;B C=
J 6 BMWP A;
; N
m B 9 ;Ke K ;K bK<
2? K=
2K]2 D K6
C= K ASPT > KA
K 2K ) Wright et al.,
1989; Walley et al., 1996 (.
O?
K 2
& A C= K 9K YK ;K N A; ;e
N > 2 I ;]
) I ;]
1 2 ( O6 J K KF?
K< D;K >KB LN & <
. 9 K a 6 D K
K
>?2 ? 6 ><
ZK$ D I ;]
K<•BMWP
;KK? 2 ;KK[?
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2005; Paisley et al., 2013 (
KP S? 9 K[ ><
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a 7 31 /
±0 43 / pH 7
12 / 0 87 / 1
a 89 / 4 71± / 14
a 70 / 7 06± /
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a 12 52 / 5 14± / 12 K. -A L.) (°C)
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b 92 / 24 16± / 217
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5 / 0 79 / 0
a 005 / 0 007± / 0
a 007 / 0 005± / 0
a 02 / 0 01± / 0
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001 / 0 61 / 8
c 02 / 1 04± / 2
b 64 / 0 44± / 1
b 49 / 0 48± / 1
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001 / 0 58 / 6
a 04 /
±0 09 / 0
a 05 /
±0 09 / 0
b 05 /
±0 12 / 0
b 04 /
±0 14 / 0 PO4---
21 / 0 59 / 1
a 29 /
±0 19 / 0
a 33 /
±0 26 / 0
a 1 /
±0 1 / 0
a 16 /
±0 13 / 0 NH3
21 / 0 53 / 1
a 27 /
±0 19 / 0
a 35 /
±0 28 / 0
a 1 /
±0 1 / 0
a 17 /
±0 14 / 0 NH4+
001 / 0 70 / 9
c 83 / 25 33± / 213
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b 69 / 26 5± / 187 CaCO3
pH TDS EC K.6 NO2 NO3- PO4--- NH3 NH4+ CaCO3
>]
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31 / 0
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>]
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= $% -0/08 0/13 0/07 0/05 0/07 0/32 0/43* 0/23 0/23 0/02 0/44* 0/38 0/63** 0/9**
= M 4 0/48* -0/42* -0/35 0/06 -0/26 -0/41 -0/21 -0/33 0/28 0/19 -0/52* -0/28 -0/06 -0/45** 0/48*
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) Pearson and Rosenberg, 1978; Perus et al.,
.(2004 9 K[ K@ ^ > ` G K? *
>K 6
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KP
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. ;K t 6 2= l ? E2 DS N % [^ > ` G 9
I ^ 9 ;? 2 Williams
) (1996 >K< ; <
S N % [^ E2 D
O N D K]
D >K K ? KH2
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<
; .
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A >
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C= < D DS&<
D 6 2? = uGA
KKB l2KK KKA2
bKK
>KK?2T KK D ;KK
) Armitage et al., 1983 .(
KP > A fKA J? K[? l2K K6
KO N
KK 2? KK= >KKA I KKc 2KK >KK ; KK Caenidae
Baetidae Heptageniidae
>KK< > KKA 9KK
% 2K]2 ;?;K K* ? * > S ? @ ^ > ` G 9K ;K ? 2K O N ; D; A p ^
Q ;K ;K D; KA A ^ K D
; ) Perkin, 1983 (
2? = @ ^ 56 78 D 6
K? * E2K KA K_ J > A 9 J > ? D <
;K? 2 2= J D 6 >K<
9 E2@2
;? 2 J?
S*
5 T 2K`N J K
2<j D K KBB KA2 2 9 >< ; 2
A ; <•
) Merritt and Cummins, 1978 (
.
D m A
BMWP P > A D oe
K ` k 6
D 10
O?N 9 8 Z % ;H J? >< 2
; . 2 I n2GA 7 < b > H
* 2`N k D O N 2 ? 9 8 KO?N ;?2K
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; 5
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10 KK ; KK ) Payakka and Prommi, 2014;
Perkin, 1983 .(
; 2?
m ? T 6
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D 6
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K ] ;
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b P[ 1` k T K R SK KT 9 ; 6
% Ki KA D K KA $ * DS&< T O
?
>? = ? D 6
A ;? N m6 * % &
) Raunio et al., 2011 (.
K KZ % ;H b ` >
R S T 9 T 2`N DS&< T O
D 6
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9 ?
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.(1967 _?N C= ><
iv BMWP ;
2? = 6
; 2? = ; R S D 6
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;K ) Cooper and
Knight, 1989 (
;B j`
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; <•
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1987; Hynes, 1998 .(
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D
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;6 .
>
Z< 2 K F? Z 2e KP S * K
J K K m< ^ )
Ansari et al., 1994 (
K`N 2K ;B )
Johnson, 1972 (
7 K < SK
I2KKZ ) Brundian, 1951 (
% 2KKA % • ;KK?
) Grzybkowska, 1989 (
I2KKKKK3* % KKKKK d
) Seather, 1962 (
? * E2 2 <
i 6
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K
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K Z * Q KB D 6 T ? * 2 ? d ;K <
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. ) ( 2000 Pipan K
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.
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@ ^ 56 78 A
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D O6 J 9 * T F? qZ M
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<
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J? K= LfKK@ * KA >KK p KA bKK 2e
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3 4 ;K 08
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15 / 1 >< ; N A;
p A C= K 9 D; >B
[?
K 2K`N K ? H2 ; 6 ;K
) Wilhm
and Dorris, 1968 .(
m KK B 9KK >KK< ` KK^
D;
J 2 D;K >KB 2`N ; ; @
T . E2 C=
2?
- h ; 9 [
;KK & KKA E2KK C= KK KK
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><
A ; ; < N D; 2A )
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1978; Lenat, 1993; Arimoro et al., 2007 .(
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P 6 Lydy )
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. >K] 2K x A C= K
K ` k 9 K D [ ;6 [? ` k K KP 6 >?2T ] 9 2K K
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and Reynolds, 1988 .(
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< W . >K?2T hK K ` k ;Bt 6 l2
C= K D ;Ke ;KB ;K K[ F? 2 E ] A > 2 x A 1
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% ? KKA2?
d D 6
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< H2 D 6 -
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9 a 6 d
% 6 P y2` ;
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N X8 D
Z$ %fP[ ;? ;?
6 W D
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;K
KK >KK<
;KK? 2 6 KK >KK
KK
<
KK &
N
A2<
m KKK ;KKK <
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Mayenco, 1999 (.
W >Z A2 ; mO 9
H & A 2 ><
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. 9K
> KKA2 >KK „2KK % KK ` G I KK^
KK D OKK
>KK? = KK H2 >KK< KKH2 D KK6 % KK& D KK6
KK KK? KK ;KK6 5KK 28 P y2` ;KK 6 ;KK
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;K? 2] Z < ;? A C= W )
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al., 2004 .(
> ` G Morais P 6
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D K 1A 3= ASPT
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KP 6 )
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2?
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KKP 6 )
( 2006
C= K >K< ;? [?
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% ; ] b< D k
I2Z ) ( TSS
;6
K P P`
; K . >K ` G >K< KA ` K^ 9K
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D2KH & J 6
KK F? KK D KK6 C= KK % KK ? % &KK * 9 KK BMWP KKK[?ASPT
. KKK KKKA2?
* P S J N ƒ $23M
D 6 8 9 ; N
= 1 >
Z [ ] K K6 D K KA
mO b e A 9P 9
; <
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<
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.(2000 D K6 8 >K< 2K ? K 2K 9 a 6 P y2K`2< K@ ; < XP S` LN
; K ? B B^
) Simboura and Zenetos, 2002 .(
% ;<
T7 pH 6 D K Z<
D;K KO N D
> H2
;?
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56 7K8
K C= K @ ^ SK K ASPT
% &K * LN
[? c J 6
. K 9K I K^
Spencer
P 6 )
(1999 >< ;? [?
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R S > ] = A A 9P LN SK&< T O
D
;? >
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< pH 7 I2KZ
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<
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D K
>…
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>
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h
@ C=
q d
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% K e >K
