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;.
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$N0 A N 3 N $N# . N
*N 3 E NN/ NN0 3 "N SNN 2 . $N0 A ,NNAH "/. $NW ( NN
,N t N 3 , ,A0 b Hj . ,AH "/,0 b 0 b N "N $N 24 N . N
t 3 3" 3 ,AH "/. ,< 4 ~ & c 3" $ S H8 .
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NN NN b NN0 b NN [
$NN% $NN0 A INNH "/i0 NN /3
h 4 A0 03
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, NH 3"/E3 N03 $ $( 4 3 ,W 3 ( Z Hj , ; ." 3 3 ‹ 0 "#
,0 Nb"b
, 0 0 $ ( 3 ,AH "/. ,8 (3
$N # T > ,HW $ ,AH "/ 3 3 3 4
SN 03 $0 A [
N:( . $NH 3 "K NH 3"/"N6 W 3 . N 3 N? " N b
9 4 a" b . ,0 :( H#3 . "> + 0 v N)4 3 . N
N
3 - . b 0 b q 3 ( C "
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3 ,N2 $N 3
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r *< ,AH "/
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S _b 3 .
. D
*0 0 F
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S i t 3 , '4 Z Hj . S 3 :8"
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1. Cultural Diversity
3 z ("4 "5 ; Z b 3 S 3
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"NL 8 ,AH "/
Nj ,N G ;. ‡ _; 3" ,0 H#
0 b NHj $N# SN 0 - N( 3
3 #mN ,A
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H#
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$0 b Hj .
D
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1. Plurality
2. Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage
3. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions
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2004: 217-219D
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7H H , A03 k 3 ,WX> 0 :0- $ ." 3 q 3 ( 8 ,8 (3 d "!4 . , # 3" "/$# S 3 ,
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E (3 $ Š' 8 03"/S .
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S 3 $ 3 C 3 3 24 , [
S
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[ 2j
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M<)( N4 N # D Q^
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N *0 0
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[
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MN<
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, 0" 3 ,AH "/,A0 b Hj 0 . ,AH "/, NH 4
D Nb N !
Q ] N
^ [F
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N( $
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~ & , 3 K . ,0 :( H 3"/$ $0 3"b V
. S 3"!
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MN< . N ,N N:( C "N 3 , N
N03 D Q ] N [F E3 N03
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r "!4 . 0" b b N0 b
, 3 - H #
$ r "W4 Ž "W4 103 $0 b" 3 L . 3 K . S | " ( 3 H8
0 3 H ( & 3." K 2/3 . HH#
Portella, 2004: 228D [F
E3 N03 $N . S 3 S#"; , W 0 H - $ $# ,%#" 0 $ MH#3.
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f3"X53 ,N Z 3
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2N , N
$N /"b
$N# N03
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HH# • ;3 ,H •S ƒ$
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IH4 . $03"70
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N
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$N# NH#
Z 3
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Y[
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a 3 3
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3"N . N 3
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(Beji, 2004: 220)
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o*>
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l."K "X&
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h N
a' 4 $# S 3 Z 3 ,b 0 3 S
a' 4 Z & " 3" "A
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S >3 B 1;
,N N& , > ,AH "/
NH03 [ 3 ,N2 ,NAH "/B N1; E N5
$)H(
B 1;
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$
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IH "/ c 3. $ - c . *.3 ( S*3 8 i "70
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SN >3 - 9 N 3 "N $# S 3 ,NAH "/B N1; 3 N N
H 3 &"
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S ,
h N f j Nj $# S >3
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'1N 3 N ,03 "b N&
H # ,AH "/
[ 0- . $# ,03"( : 3 :
3 V S >3 , N> N Y
,N N 0
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N W4 3 B 1; 3 4
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$ 8 -
(Kymlicla, 1995: 131-150)
[
M)NH( iN H "6 W , { / \ K 2
N 3 & $N# 3 , N
,NbJ. h N H N %4. _ S . IH "/, H . ,AH "/,0 b 0 b , d " % 03
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– iW (
ZN 3 H) " "4
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N . N:/ 3"N OH N; ,N
N
3 (. ,b 0 Y
(2000: 1)
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$1XH . ,) m , , 3
NH03 N4 0 N
S 3 & ")% K 3" 3 ,%)H(
, ."b D
"N/,N ; F
N0 3 H 3 $N [
N 3
ZN 3 $N N%# "N ,N :0 MH#3. E 0 S 3 : Z 3 $?0-
$N0 b
C3 >3 S 3 [ A<N K ,N :0 $# , %# . h 43"# q 3 (
(.
Z 3 " 3" Št W 0 3 M)NH( $0 b
{ NXW03 , N N N " mNK
S 3 & 3 ,&" $ . 3 (.
N5 " W N B N1; Z /"Nb N 0 N
, 3 S)k • K 0- ,) m , > ,AH "/
[ M)H(
, ; 0 #m
S 3 & i $ $# ,X 3"
, 0 &
$ H b
$0
S * 3
‰"N+ $ -
$ 3 &
, $ 3 3 &
" b . H S0 N%& $N Št W
N%# " N b
, 0
C 70 3 3 %# 3 ‹
)*X 3"b 3 >3
$ N , N> ,NAH "/
,N ."N . , N G 1 f #" Št W ,) m M)NH( . N
$N N
# S0 %& $ S*:
, % 0
D 3 0 . 0"
QP ] N
^ [F
: SN 3 " mNK 0 "b "N 3 G N+ )4 3 "L 8 ,AH "/,0 b 0 b $20- $ 3 "4 [
$NW ( "N # ." 3
,N SN/ N:( 3
,< N4 c 3"N $N NH $N# N N a3
G"( : N $ 3 0 $0 b Hj ,AH "/$ /"b G 6 - $ $# " &3
[ ( qN 3
h j # $# , :0- , ; $W 4 ; , HN ‘ N!*$N . N03
SN 2 ,NAH "/
"N4
$ 3 N K o)N , N:H4 $ 0 H 3"/ 03 ,N ,NAH "/,A0 b NHj N -
N [
M<
S W ( 3 ,
$ S8"
,N N! N 0 H 3"/ "(
,8 N0 . 0 N
, 2 :0- IH "/ "&
. "N b MN<
b N0 b N t $N "NA , N
, ‡ _; 3 , H IH "/
HH#
[
$0 G"/ $# 3 ."
$N "N N G N
$0 . "#
$NH b $N# S 3 ,W )+ 3 3"> v )4 3 3 $ ,+ )4 3 N
IH "/‡ _; . " % C3 ,AH "/ . 3 3" . M K , "4 3 f 0
[
S ")% K 2 ,
Š'N 8 ." 3 :( 0 , . ,AH "/
S 3 Z2 0 [
S $ mb
$N# N ,N E N (3 h O 3 HW $
, - ;- , 63 S
,N INH "/h N . N;3. , $ 3 ,A 3. T W4 Z "4
H $ 3 $0 A [
Z 3 Z & "
)0 Z2 "A " b3"/ , S [
N
$N0 b
, E 5 $ \ K $#
3 "A0 V
, IH "/
Y
$
"70 , 0 ,03 NHj NHW "NA N
$0 A l."K . $ 3 N N%# oN ƒ3 . Z N% K qN 3 ( $# ,AH "/
$ 7H M< v )4 3 S*: . G )|
- "N $W ( b 0 b N0 ,N2
S 0 , 8 "A G + )4 3 a" b . ,0 :( "L 8
(2000: 8)
[
"N2/$N N 3mN*
$W ( S S "
N Z " : . S 3 ,AH "/ Hj 3 & 0 3 & $# 3 N
M< c 3. 7H4 3" 3 S/ $W ( b 0 b ,AH "/
[
IH "/ NHj iN "70 h 9 ‚ & \ K ,N N "4 3 3"Nb
N0" b" $N# NH#
S ;
, S*. ,% 03 3 & . S 3 ,AH "/
& N .
. , :H% K 3 ,H 0 ,
"N6 W ,AH "/ NHj qN 3 ( N& $N#
[ N! ,N E (3 h 9 ;3 S 3 3"> $# " b3"/, S .3 . $
3
$W ( b 0 b ;- Z 3"N , N8 N )0 H# O 3 "k2 ,AH "/‘ !*$ 3
IH "/$ o - E (3
:0- f #" %# . b 0 b [
3"N
, v" Hj \ K " b3"/S Z Hj T1!4 3mb
]
a 3 :0 - " ,H ) S Z 3 S <0 . , N 8 _b
,NN $NNW ( NN} 83 $NN# NN "NN ƒ
$NN - NNH03 4 E NN (3 h NN 3 NNH8
H : . h "
[ N ,N G 8 N5 oN ; "N N #m S Z 3" H
r "W4 ,AH "/N , > $0 . :0 [
S $# O0- 3 C.
."b , >
AH "/ Hj iW ( h ,AH "/. ,) m - $N . SN 3 N 8 N% } 83 3"N ,
SN Z N 3 . N C" ! 3 0- , " b3"/S 0 3 ,A )*
N
$0 b Hj 03 O 3
[ 03 0 "/$# 3 0 , * — , 3 0 # . ,2)#
03 0 , 0 " . H 4 2 3
[
(3 h N ,N SN C
N E N
$
$0 b
#m S 4 (3 . " b" 3 3 0.": i $# r "W4 3 HH# H0 [
, 0 S >3 ."b h N ,N E N (3 3 N} 8 3 N& 03 4
SN 3 N {mN; - 3 r N "W4 $ H $# ,X 3" 03 " b3"/, S [
Š'kN
)0 , *
SN W ( G N6 - 3"N $ 3 HK ,2 , t
* ,H j $( 4 >
SN/ N 3 <0 ,N E N (3 - 3 N} 8 3 & "A [
, S r "W4 $2H 3 "&- S
$0 :H4 MN< 3 0.":N i
N
$N 3 N0- $2 ,AH "/ Hj iW ( b 0 b N} 83 3 NH8
N . E."N%
" m• } 83 " " 3" a 3 [
0.":N $N# HH# 9 ;3 )0 S >3 ."b } 83
, f ! C. i(
0
(2000: 231-233)
$ \ K i "70 0 3 S 3 $_*s $ $6 ' & +
]
’ 03 N0 3 3"1N 3 INH "/
[ ,N 3 INH "/ N0- . 0 N
$# ,X ! , a ."K $ & IH "/c 4
, ,b 0 . H . ,b N0 ‹ HH#
N IH "/ - , HW C 70 o ; " 3 & ,8 (3 c 3.
,N ,N . NHH#
, & ,AH "/S $ a 3 H
[ N IH "/$# S 0 HW 3 Z 3 i
1. Multiple Identities
$)H(
, Z W4 3 "/,b 0 , 0 "/ H#
03 4 MN< 1H INH "/ 3 , N
- # &
[ INH "/iN? 3 3 N 0 ; 4 ; " $ "/" 3
, &
$N . "N • 3"N $ $# ,AH "/Z 3 $j ; H N103" ƒ N+
, "70 N O4 Ž "NW . $N /" mK ,4 7;' . ‡ _!4 3 - S 3 $ /" mK 3 3">
S 3 $ /" mK $0 b- "4 0 3 [
IH "/
b 0 b C 70
d . b 0 b , HW
,b N0 ,4. _
0 3 f &
[ , N03 4 3 . N! r N + TN1!4 N:H4 $# O0- 3 ,AH "/"
N
, Z2 3 (. S # . 03
IH "/$
3 N& N4 3 N 0 "NA
" : T/3 H%
" b 3 & HW . "2/
3 N N& <4 $ H# "4
& "# T X i . 1 . " % [
$N $N# 3 N 0 Z 3" H
IH "/
03 H = 3 :0- (. . 3mA C3" ;3 0 "A [
SN 3 ZN 3 >3 N;
,N & IH "/$ 0 3"A $#
NH*
,NAH "/— N . NH ‚ > a 3 - 3"N .
$ 3 0 S "% $ "# $‚3 3 3" j $# S 0 [
S . N! $ $( 4 3m*
IH "/ A _b IH "/" ,43•
S 3 H Z /"+ i 3"
[
’
$NW ( — /3 . . , 3 3 q 3 ( ,&" ( $ ." 3 :(
3
, 0 3
$#
N $ 3 0 (. ,AH "/,0 b 0 b - [
ZN 3 3 ,N : MN<
,N v N " $W ( & • 3" $ ,0 b 0 b . N ,0 N:( iNO 0 ŠN 3 *3. N
S 0 ." 3 " b G + )4 3 [
h N ,N0. ,0 b N0 b ,< 4 ‘ !*$ $ )*3
. ,AH "/•3 (3 ,AH . _4 )0 HW $ IH "/
SN 3 N)0 -
(Ibid:336-338)
$N _b M NK iN 20 $N iN K "N 3 ,N ,b N0 Nb" \ K 3 Z 3" H
$ 03 4 "# , IH "/ NHj ,N C N70 h N . $NW ( h 3
3"Nb
$ 3 T/
[
$ K $ )*3
$NW ( Z NHj 3mNb
$N# 3 N:0 v"N NHj 3
: h (. - Z "4 C " C 70
S 3 - $ v " :0 . t
(Ibid: 34)
[
SN 3 , N E H4 $ ) G :( 3 ,AH "/,0 b 0 b [
N
$N# N+
03 , E H4 Z / S 3 3"A0 ." 3 0 2/. :/
3" . 03
, ‚ > ,43• a 3 - 3 3 3 N N 0 3 ,AH "/,0 b 0 b 0
N a
S 03 [
h $ - $# , 0
2 , C O03 $ % # . 03
ŠW>3. H
, 0
# . ‰.
HH#
3 & 3 [
iN _b $N
\ NK ,0 b N0 b SN 0 N(
, $# S< , 11; 3 H8 $ :H4 3 ,AH "/
"N# :N 4 . S/" mNK ,
N $N2 S/"b "70 . " N14 NH 0 . SN 03 SN)k ,N 3 3 3 3 -
S ; [ - HW $ " 3 Z 3 $ )*3 ,N $N# 3 ,N " $N# SN 0
.- N0 NH 3 &
IH "/ 3 0 0 C A H $ 3 ,AH "/
ZN 3 3 NHH# 9 ) >3 "A
H# C."! T;
[ MH Nb C "
- 3 M N& , N . ,NAH "/ N 3
":
H H
(Ibid: 14) [
4 -
”
3 ,* N † ! ,AH "/,0 b 0 b 3 E / Z [
N j "N 3 M NK
”
3 b . Z , S_*< € 3
. ] [ TN W4 N;3. SN h N $N :H4 $2H 3
S ,> . 3
. 3 N0 "NA SN 'N63 N 0 3 0 , 3 Št 63
[3 N0- N N 4 . G. N_4 . H N N $ )N :( " 3" C " $2H
S 0 [”
, 3"> 3 & b 3 b . Z 3 1 Z ]
V
$ N
b 0 b
› Z 3" H œ {' &3 SN 0 $N _:0 NW h N cN1/ N N
Y
D QQ ] PR [F
$H b "A $
,N $# 3 (. ,
3 03 N4
S 3 " A L 4 & S! L $ H . H# f < 03 :0- NW
N: N 3" ,0 qX1 h C3 # G. _ . SN 3 "N4
D N ] NN
^ F N
- , $# $0 b H# r *u4 . T _4 3 & S 3 &
[ Z 3" H N63 $N N243
,N A0 S E 5 $ Z” $# S 3 3 -
NH#
[ 3 N 3 - $N# , N8 "N
$ & f < 03 N $N $N# , N8 "N ` 28"N . S 0 ,H /" mK H# 3
f < 03
" % 3 - & , SN 3 ,0 N %<
[
"N .'N8 ZN” $N )*3
V MH b 3 - Y
M10 "
V
"
Y SN f N< 03 0 3 N #u4 N
[ iN K "N
, 0 $ . Z 3 j $# S 3 S "
S 3 $#
,0 b N0 b N
- . H# $ (" 3 S h :H4 3 $#
V 3 24 S Y
3"N 3 3"N 3 N 3 3
_ ,4 = )4 C3 G. _ 3"A ,H . "_H4 3 N 3 ,WN $#
3 H " - [
”
Z
$ † ! 0 M K X $# +
. "NA03" . G N> 3 G N
S0 %&
_b Z "/-
S $# ,
, " 3 24 . SN 3 d H 0
, 3 % :0- $ S) 0 [
S
$ & N f N& SN 0 N "Nb3 , ; 3 24
"N H# . N H
$N ,N0' 18 . ,N>' &3 N 3"N 3 N 3 $N S*:N
S0 %&
, )4 .
0 [ 3 E N/ $N# ,N 2! N t 3 ,N2 Z 3" NH
IH "/ C3" ;3 . 3 3 . ,AH "/,0 b 0 b ,
3 " b N ( 3 $N‚3 3 3 N4
, $# S 3 , 0 %& . "_H4
~ & mA 3 03 4 , 3"b
Ž 8 ,AH "/
[
$ 3 3
$‚3 3 ,AH "/,0 b 0 b 3 E / $# ,k!
q ( H , ]
[ N%# " N% "N5 ; N 0 $N# SN 3 , W>3. ,AH "/,0 b 0 b
> $# S 0 " 3 . 3 (.
" =4 > 203 [
[ S o*> $0 A , IH "/h O 3 3" a' 4 INH "/h
~ & A*3i K " ,0 - zXN G N+ )4 3 ,b " N b $N $N( 4 $0 3"b
, $# , K . :(
03 4
$ G 6
SN O 3
N $ N 3 SN . 1 N
S 3 , 8" ƒ . : [
[ IH "/i
"& . IH "/
, 0 . 0 3 &" 1 . Z T; 3 3 N4
T; Z 3 ,NW ( SN 3 ,%< . 0 3 & IH "/$ ,A )* $# , " 3 3
, - 3 3 &
"# o 0" b [
^ [ ,4 ;' N6 3 - NHH# ‡ N_; 3 N& INH "/$N03 3 - $# 0 3 T; C "
$ IH "/ 3 "6 H8 0 b"b 3 - 0 .- 8 9 N) >3 $N# "NA
"#
0 - 03
a' 4 1
N%AH "/fmN( N N0 3" $# ,
– IH "/
, "4 HH# S . 1
[
[ S
$0 A ,AH "/
INH "/Z & " 3" a' 4 . .
$N0 A N
{ 2 $ $# 3 3 "X& Z 3 3 S0 N%& . G"N_0 . 0 Z 3 ,8 (3
. , >
.- K ,) m [
R [ . 3 . SN 3 , N E NH4 N 9 N > > ,AH "/,0 b 0 b $2H 3 "&t
S 3 3 &" a 3 [
* $-1 2 $0 ."b . C3 >3 Z+ " 3 3" 3 G' / N . SN 3 ,0 b N0 b ,NAH "/ N
$H 3 3 &" (.
d " N% M Nb h N G N . ,NAH "/d " %
$ t3. IH "/ $ k
$ N 3 N} ; 3 3 N . G N 3 3 N $N#
1. High Culture
SN 3 N ‡ _; H? Z " Z 3 ,AH "/,0 b 0 b [
3 ,NAH "/,0 b N0 b
, G. N_4 3 N4 MN K C N . f3 - ,N% b N
,1N JN . N
q H6
%# b 0 b T+ H • - , ; . , [
$ "6 W 3" 3 JN . +
.
# , _b
‰"N+ $ $( 4 3 $0 A . S 2 ,AH "/ 4 03 N
0 .- K & ~ & , [
S _b S <0
"N&3.3 3 $# S 3 .
- iN K "N $N# $0 A , IH "/h Z & H - . S/"b 2 0 ">
:0 M K $ .- K 3 ;3. , 3 [
S N - 3 N -" ,NAH "/
N - 3"(3 i ;" $ , *. 3 >3 i03 %K :K i ƒ- 3 #m [
INH "/
, , € ."4 3"b 3 >3 *0 0 3 $# 3 T W4
b N0 b , N N
, 0 3 Z " Z 3 C "
, . S/"b N NH# N 3 3 N24 , N N #
j X 3 . ,< 4 iH % K 3 "6 H8
" 03" 3 3" 3 N
[ , N6 3 "N6 H8
N , N%H C N70 . , - 3J0 , / 3 24 S Z 3
[ N ZN 3
,0 N . , N> ,) m S k Z " Z 3 Z# C " S 3 "A # 3 , $ /"b 0 0-
$ ; ,8 5 $ , $ #."/ 2*/ ; 3
[
$ . , ' 3 f' 103 ." K
$ & HN S N $ , B k ƒ cN 4 N
M< b H 0 . f' 103 3"
W ( b 0 b i
N? HN 3 $# 3" 3
S ,&" S 3 $ / f 4 , 3 0 >
~ N& , 3 " " $# ,AH "/
"# , ' 3 3
$N0 b Z & " 3 S 3 3 3 $W ( IH "/
3 "NA 3
S 3 $W C' 3 ,0 - A*3o*> 3 24 S
[ C N70 $N20- Ž N8 $
, N "N6 H8 3 f N X ,_*uN4 " N SN ,N ' 103 3 3 3 N -" ,>"
$N# N € ."N4 "N b3"/, S h . " b 3"> S b 0 b , N 4 3"N
M<
."b . $W ( M 3"Nb ,&" )> > ,
‰ XN N
L 4 S . " b K " ,AH "/ 3mb
$# 3 24 S h -
N
S MH4
MN< N . ,0 N , N> ,N03" 3 N > N
3 ,:( N4
$ 3 3"6 3 S 3 %# S W ( N03
[
$N 8 r *uN4 . TN _4 N( $N "NA G N)
S 3 "6 H8 N 3 3 . z 6 . ,AH "/ Hƒ f ) 3 $# i0 b Hj
M<
"N2 . N %# , 3 0 > B )X03 . 3" 3 iW ( b 0 b
$0 A " ,H )
$ 3 & 0 "6 H8 . IH "/
, N> . , 3 83 N
{ 2 a" b $ N SN E3 N03 N . ,AH "/
3 3 N SN . 1 N
S 3 [ N 4 SHN N 0 . Z "N Z 3 i mb • 4 $# S 3 ,*; Z 3
$0 0 3 , ' 3
N(. ,AH "/E H4 . "k24 " ,H ) q 3 ( 3 ,0 %&
-" & "L 8 q 3 ( $# S 3 $ 3 03
[ ZN 3 NO 3 "N $N# ,0 #
, 3"6 3 3 24 S , $# 0 3 0 $( 4 o ƒ3 0 .
3 4 . ,N03" 3 h
,N#"4 ‹,N03" 3 h N . Z #"4 "# h ‹ ,H $W h
. S 03 & 3 •-
N& N N . ,03" 3 $
3 ‹ * a
$ 3 ,H , N03 4 . N ."N 3 N . "# ‡ _; # +
S 3 3 0 W4
[
N%# , 3 0 > $# ,*63 $ $( 4 , ' 3 f'103 3 -" , C 70 N H 3") , . ,H MH $ 243 . p . & N c 3"N a 3mNb
" 3 C t "2/
S W>3. $# ,AH "/, Z /"b M K 3 . "N5 ; N:( N
$ b 3" 3 ,AH "/ Hj iW ( SN 3 3 , N&
[
$N N N "NA G N)8
$ 6 4 , \ K
: 4 . B % 3 4 2 "b
$N# " b3"/, S - " b
iNW ( N} 83 Z 3 ! , E (3 h 9 ;3 3"N 3 ,NAH "/iN0 b Hj
"& $ $20- . H# O 3 IH "/
E N (3 N ,) N - N%# . b N0 b N
"
[ ,N 3 "N b3"/SN Z 3 3" C t z*L . 3 SHN 3 3 N4
. ,NH N
$ 3" 3 ,Hƒ,AH "/
Z - 3 ,0 %# 3 H8
- Z# N b N0 b "
H8 3 . C N70 h N i ,_*4 . T _4 . S/"b" ." 3 :( ,>" ,AH "/"6
C " . ,>'&3
"# € ."4 t [
3 0 ,2 . . " K 0"
D
;\ QP 67 , 2 Cg 4
#>E 7 5 Ek , 2 < = [
N ;3 iN ("4
, 3"4" W . ,8 3":4
]
` >
[
4 - Z D QQ [F
< (7 @ < 7 K Q 7
[ , O . "/i ("4 3":4
] - [
‚ 0 #
D Q 8 L 8[F
#> L T :
! . T
< E 7
\ N ("4 i N;3
1 8 . )# & Z %/3 . j Z ;
OHK w j 3":4
] 0 ‰"+
.
b ;3 ! D
Q ( 2 [F
< 7 ,
3":4 ] ,0 [
, C . S 0 2 b D
;\ Q
% (7=
E - 9=E3 E ' D r E 1 + [
,N 8 iN ("4
, "#
, W . $
3":4 ] , G W*X $ s [
Béji, Hélé (2004) "What Future for Cultural Pluralism?" in Jerôme Bindé (ed.) The Future of Values: 21st Century Talks. Paris: Unesco Publishing.
Kymlicka, Will (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights.
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Parekh, Bhikhu (2000). Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. London: Macmillan.
Portella, Eduardo (2004). "Culture in the Twenty-First Century: Cloning or Hybridization?" in Jerôme Bindé (ed.) The Future of Values: 21st Century Talks. Paris:
Unesco Publishing.
Touraine, Alain (2004). "The Case for a Cultural Contract," in Jerôme Bindé (ed.) The Future of Values: 21st Century Talks. Paris: Unesco Publishing.
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