ناریا ینابغاب مولع

53 4

1401 ) 836 - 823

( Vol 53, No 4, Winter 2023 (823-836)

DOI:10.22059/ijhs.2020.305743.1819

* Corresponding author E-mail: mrhassan@ut.ac.ir

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Morphological evaluation of genetic diversity of wild populations of some Rumex species in Iran

Mahla Khalili Bourang¹, Mohammadreza Hassandokht^2*, Vahideh Nazeri², Abdorahamn Rasoulnia³ and Ghorban Didehbaz Moghanloo⁴

1. M.Sc. Graduated, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 2. Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 3. Ph.D. in Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 4. Weed Researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education

Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran

(Received: Jul. 06, 2020 - Accepted: Sep. 21, 2020) ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 14 populations of five species of Rumex, including R. chalepensis, R. kandavanicus, R. pulcher, R. crispus and R. tuberosus from Ardabiland Khorasan Razavi provinces using morphological traits. The studied traits included leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, aerial fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, phenol and antioxidants. Studies of morphological and phytochemical traits on farm and greenhouses showed that the highest coefficient variation for morphological traits related to aerial fresh and dry weight and number of leaves per plant, while the lowest coefficient variation related to the leaf length.

In addition, the highest coefficient variation related to chlorophyll b and phenol and the lowest related to chlorophyll a. Also, the results of mean comparison of morphological traits under farm and greenhouse conditions showed that there was a significant difference between different species of Rumex and different populations within each species in the farm, however, there was a significant difference between different species in the greenhouse only in leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, aerial fresh and dry weight, phenol and antioxidants. In general, phenol and antioxidants were higher in R. crispus than in other species, however, R. tuberosus showed lower values in all morphological and phytochemical traits compared to other species.

Keywords: Antioxidant, morphological traits, phenol, wild species.

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Table 1. Information on the habitats of the studied Rumex.

Province Region

Altitude (m) Longitude

Latitude Weather

condition Herbarium

code Habitate

code

Khorasan Razavi Vakil Abad

1043 36° 18´ 635"

59° 031´ 328"

Cold nad semi-arid 6481

PM1

Khorasan Razavi Kang

1636 59° 130´ 936"

59° 130´ 936"

Cold and humid PM2 -

Khorasan Razavi Kang

1760 36° 18´ 480"

59° 013´ 254"

Cold and semi-arid 6482

PM3

Khorasan Razavi Kalat

1348 36° 38´ 879"

59° 054´ 436"

Semi-arid 6484

PM4

Khorasan Razavi Haroniyeh

1470 36° 45´ 655"

59° 027´ 545"

Semi-arid 6478

PM5

Khorasan Razavi Kang

1674 36° 198´ 400"

59° 139´ 958"

Cold and humid 6489

PM6

Khorasan Razavi Joghri

1251 39° 30´ 095"

59° 051´ 659"

Warm and arid 6479

PM7

Khorasan Razavi Ardameh

1300 36° 10´ 290"

59° 029´ 157"

Cold and semi-arid 6483

PM8

Khorasan Razavi Ferizi

1721 36° 29´ 182"

58° 057´ 289"

Cold and arid 6490

PM9

Khorasan Razavi Kandelan

2144 36° 26´ 906"

58° 054´ 378"

Cold and humid 6480

PM10

Ardabil Samyan

1299 38° 21.1´ 45"

48° 015´ 007"

Cold and humid 6488

PA11

Ardabil Moghan

32 39° 36´ 373"

47° 046´ 686"

Warm and humid 6487

PA12

Ardabil Aghdam

58 39° 37´ 958"

47° 052´ 354"

Warm and humid 6485

PA13

Ardabil Ziveh

478 39° 07´ 840"

47° 039´ 053"

Mild 6486

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Figure 2. View of the appearance of plants in populations of studied Rumex on the farm; A: PM₁ (R. chalepensis), B:

PM2 (R. kandavanicus), C: PM3 (R. tuberosus), D: PM4 (R. chalepensis), E: PM5 (R. chalepensis), F: PM6 (R.

kandavanicus), G: PM7 (R. tuberosus), H: PM8 (R. chalepensis), I: PM9 (R. chalepensis), J: PM10 (R. kandavanicus), k: PA₁₁ (R. pulcher), L: PA₁₂ (R. pulcher), M: PA₁₃ (R. crispus), N: PA₁₄ (R. crispus).

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R. tuberosus R. crispus

R. pulcher R.

kandavanicus R. chalepensis

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Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the quantitative traits of five species and 14 populations of studied Rumex in the farm.

Populations LL (cm) LW (cm) NL - FW (g) DW (g) Chl.a (mg/g F W.) Chl.b (mg/g F W.) Chl.a +Chl.b (mg/g F W.) Car (mg/g F W.) Phenol (mg/g extract) Antioxidant (%)

PM1 14.38 6.18 9.67 18.25 2.19 08.06 4.84 22.90 128.88 494.49 0.70

PM2 13.73 8.68 15.33 39.50 3.15 20.24 6.32 26.56 215.93 486.95 0.65 PM3 7.42 4.57 11.83 11.67 1.16 18.28 4.67 22.95 170.08 370.89 0.49 PM4 16.10 8.53 15.25 53.17 6.08 20.77 6.03 26.81 202.65 531.53 0.65 PM5 15.34 6.27 53.92 155.75 7.24 17.89 6.65 24.55 190.61 596.12 0.68 PM6 16.99 10.78 9.92 49.33 5.98 15.95 4.20 20.14 159.51 627.26 0.74 PM7 9.05 3.94 26.50 25.67 3.01 16.12 4.08 20.20 148.17 325.98 0.50 PM8 13.98 7.29 14.17 62.57 5.86 12.57 9.38 21.95 129.09 532.84 0.63 PM9 19.18 9 36.08 176.58 11.91 18.29 4.23 22.51 177.35 507.93 0.58 PM10 22.16 9.93 38.08 187.17 15.81 17.42 3.62 21.04 192.20 555.79 0.65 PA11 16.54 6.53 73.92 207.50 15.21 20.64 4.92 25.56 221.18 447.93 0.62 PA12 17.54 6.87 72.25 203.83 12.07 17.35 5.08 22.43 219.94 373.84 0.36 PA13 14.89 4.40 50.33 147.33 8.55 20.50 6.42 26.92 244.44 627.59 0.72 PA14 21.61 8.28 20.50 63.42 9.53 17.25 3.74 20.99 181.46 944.93 0.72 Mean 15.64 7.23 31.77 100.14 7.70 17.89 5.24 23.13 184.39 530.29 0.62

Min. 4.8 2.4 5 8 0.50 2.11 0.86 2.38 58.11 282.38 0.20

Max. 28.5 15 92 301 30.63 24.13 11.62 32.34 283.58 1210.80 0.87

SD 4.75 2.38 23.30 76.23 5.58 2.97 1.79 3.41 40.47 165.51 0.12

CV (%) 30.37 32.91 73.33 76.12 72.46 16.6 34.16 14.74 21.94 31.21 19.35 ([4" a!L)LL ([4" ~4J)LW

(5-!" [4" B.-)NL (4- )FW

(72& )DW Chl.a

T%* 4$O) (a Chl.b T%* 4$O) (b Chl.a + Chl.b )

T%* 4$O a

T%* 4$O+ (b (B%u!,- O)Car

# N)Anti .( B% O

LL (Leaf length )LW(Leaf width )NL(Number of leaves per plant) FW (Fresh weight), DW (Dry weight), Chl.a (Chlorophyl a), Chl.b (Chlorophyll b) Chl.a + Chl.b (Chlorophyll a+ Chlorophyll b), Car (Carotenoid), Anti (Antioxidant).

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.(2011

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Table 3. Descriptive statistics of the quantitative traits of five species and 14 populations of studied Rumex in the greenhouse.

Populations LL (cm) LW (cm) NL - FW (g) DW (g) Chl.a (mg/g F.W.) Chl.b (mg/g F.W.) Chl.a +Chl.b (mg/g F.W.) Car (mg/g F.W.) Phenol (mg/g extract) Antioxidant (%)

PM1 15.11 6.57 24.25 20.25 3.64 18.73 4.09 22.81 170.64 521.36 0.57

PM2 12.87 7.55 11.25 20.25 1.69 21.50 4.18 25.68 213.03 566.18 0.56 PM3 5.94 3.82 12.50 19.08 1.97 14.45 4.89 18.79 140.59 276.15 0.36 PM4 10.63 6.94 19.50 35.62 3.84 17.33 4.09 21.31 171.88 449.36 0.51 PM5 11.83 9.24 8.25 10.50 0.85 21.65 4.80 26.38 209.24 543.99 0.59

PM6 16.23 9.67 7.75 24 1.80 16.61 3.50 20.12 159.33 383.68 0.62

PM7 7.68 4.92 13.50 20.35 2.54 13.90 5.41 19.07 152.40 282.57 0.40

PM8 13.12 6.94 8.75 18 1.64 18.82 4.09 22.91 191.07 504.64 0.53

PM9 9.98 6.57 6.50 14.75 1.75 20.48 4.22 24.70 213.09 736.75 0.48 PM10 31.51 5.9 15.75 22.25 2.37 21.18 4.36 25.54 213.98 575.46 0.56 PA11 10.72 6.4 23.75 14.71 3.41 18.78 3.65 22.44 177.76 481.04 0.50 PA12 11.84 6.73 43.75 41.75 4.11 18.51 5.04 23.56 186.15 344.33 0.50 PA13 12.74 6.63 45.25 59.25 5.08 17.50 3.66 21.17 172.59 536.12 0.62 PA14 20.78 7.35 7.50 31.25 3.38 18.89 3.83 22.72 172.22 625.13 0.63

Mean 12.39 6.81 18 25.30 2.77 18.46 4.25 22.65 181.62 489.03 0.53

Min 3.93 3.82 6 1.28 0.46 9.33 20.1 11.34 93.58 202.98 0.22

Max 22.96 9.67 65 92 9 27.36 9.69 35.89 300.92 1029.83 0.93

SD 3.79 1.54 13.63 17.97 1.93 3.52 1.13 4.37 42.50 156.97 0.12

CV (%) 3.58 51.29 75.72 71.02 69.67 17.6 26.58 19.29 23.4 32.09 22.64 ([4" a!L) LL

([4" ~4J)LW

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