11
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺗﺄ ﺛﻴ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺮ ﺓ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ
ﻱ ﺮﺑ
ﻣﻴ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻩﺪﻴﻤﺣ ،١
ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻲﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﻴﻠﻣﺎﻛ ،٢
ﻲﺗﻻﻮﻛﺄﻣ ﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ ٣
١ - ﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺓ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ : ﻱﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ
،
ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ
، ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
Email: [email protected]
٢ - ﻮﻀﻋ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ
، ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﻮﺠـﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺩ ٣ - ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻓ
، ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ :
۲۰ / ۸/
۹۰ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ :
۱۸ / ۱۲ / ۹۰
ﻜﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﺧﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻴﺮ
ﹰﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻠﻤﻋ
ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ -
ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘﻳ ﻪ ﻛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺯ ﺪ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻣ
ﮔ ﻴ ﺩﺮ
؛ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻴ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﻳ
ﻦ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺴﺑ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺎ .
ﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻳ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺮ ﻱ ﻳ ﮏ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻱ
ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ
ﺣﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻥ ﻲ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ : ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﺔ ﻧﻴ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻤ ﻲ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻲ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ
) ٤٨ ﺮﻔﻧ ( ﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺓ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﺷ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮ ﻴﺔ
ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺔ
ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘﻳ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪ .
ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺑﻪ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ
.
ﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ ﻱ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ١ ﻳ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏ ﺔ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ٢
ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﻝﺎﺴﮑ ﻟﻭﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻴ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪ
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺎ ﻱ
ﺣﺍ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎ
ﮔﺮﺑ ﺔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻱ
ﺪﺷ ﺓ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ
ﺮﻣﺁ ﻳ ﺠﻨﺳ ﺎﮑ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳﻪ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣt ﻱ
ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﺴ ﺔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺞ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ
) t= -1.7 , p= 0/09 (
؛ ﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻴ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻝﺎﺴﮑ
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) t=8.5 , p= 0.00 (،
ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﻳ
ﻪﮐ ﺶ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺓ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻱ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻲ
ﺍﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ،ﻪﻨﺤﺻ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ - ﻣ ﻖﻤﻋ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ﺆ
ﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺮﺛ ﻴ
ﻪﻨ ) ٥ - ٤
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻤ ( ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻴﻳ
ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻦ ﺓ
ﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻴ ﻪﻨ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﺴﻛ .
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔﻴ ﺮ ﻱ : ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺄﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﻴﻳ
ﻣ ﺪ ﻲ ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺰﻫ ﻢﮐ ﻭ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨ
ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻱ ﺒﺜﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺴﺑ ﺎ ﻴ ﻣ ﺭﺎ ﺆ ﺮﺛ
ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻳ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪ ﻴ
ﺪﻧﺮ .
ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻠﻛ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ : ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ، ﻱ
ﺣﺍ ، ﻴﺎ ﻱ
ﻲﺒﻠﻗ - ﻱﻮﻳﺭ ، ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
.
12
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻳﻊ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻧﺩ ﺭﺩ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻦ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ ﮒﺮﻣ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ
ﻧﺎﻬﮔﺎﻧ ﻲ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ ﺷﺎﻧ ﻲ ﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﺮﺒ ﻳ ﺳﻼ ﻴ ﻨﻄﺑ ﻥﻮ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻴ
ﺭﻮﻓ ﺕﺎ ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ ﻠﻛ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺓ ﺎﻘﺑ ﻱ ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﺑﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤ )
۳ - ۱ .(
ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻓﺩ ﻴ ﺮﺒ ﻳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺗﻼ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﭘﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸ
ﻧ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﻤ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻍﻮﻠﺷ ﻱ
ﺑ ﻪ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ١٠
ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﻘ ﻲﻣ
ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺸﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ )
٤ ( ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲ ﺍﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦ
ﻣﻭﺪﺼﻣ ﻥﺎ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ -
ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘﻳ ﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪ ﻳ
ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﺒﺑ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻩﺪ
ﺴﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ ﻴ
ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺢ ﻴﺎ ﻱ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘﻳ ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻘﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ
ﻣﻭﺪﺼﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺎ
ﺍ ﻥ ﻳ ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴ ﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺮ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ )
٥ ﻭ ٦ .(
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺵﻭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺖ
ﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻥ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨ ﻲ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺣﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪ
ﺷ ﻴﻮ ﺓ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺎ
ﺭﻮﻃ ﺍﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻱ
ﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪ
ﺑﻮﺧ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﭘ ﻂ ﻳ
ﺖﺴ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ )
٧ ﻭ ٨ ( .
ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻴ
ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺮﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻳ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺎ
ﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻳ ﺪﺑﺎ
) ٩ ﻭ ١٠ ( ﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻳ ﻣ ﺶ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ،ﻪ
ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻳ ﻢﺘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻫ ﺎ ﻱ
ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﻴ
ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﺑﻪ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻳ ﻢﺘ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻳ ﮔﺩﺎ ﻴﺮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻴ ﻢ
ﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
، ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻱ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺄﺛﻴ ﺮ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ
؛ ﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﻲ
ﻪﮐ
ﺑﻪ ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲ
ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻲ ﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺎ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ
ﺰﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻳ
ﻧ ﻪﻨ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻭﺮﻘﻣ ﺰ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) ١٥ - ١١ .(
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻧﻴ ﺰ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﺰ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺕﺎ ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺎ ﻲ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻱﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ
ـ ﻱﻮﻳﺭ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻳ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﺍ ) ١٩ - ١٦ (،
ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩ ﺭ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻊﻴﺳﻭ
،ﻥﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺕﺪﻣﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺸ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ .
،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻛ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ .
ﺍﺬﻟ
،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺄ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ
ﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﻲﺒﻠﻗ - ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻳﺭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﺭ ﺵﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮏ ﺔ ﻧﻴ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻤ ﻲ ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﻳ ﺭﻭﺩ ﮏ ﺓ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﮑ
ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ١٣٨٧
ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﺎﺗ ١٣٨٨
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺎ ﻲ
ﭘﻴ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﻮ ﻱ
ﻝﺎﺳ
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ) ٤٨ ﺮﻔﻧ ( ﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺓ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ )
ﺱ ( ﺷ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮ ﻳ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ . ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻞ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺔ
ﺭﺎﮐ ﺯﺭﻭ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﻮﻓ ﻳ ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺖ ﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻲ ، ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ،
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭ ﻳﮋ ﺓ ﺼﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺐﻠﻗ ﺏﺎ
ﻭ ﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺔ ﺭﺮﮑﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﺸﻨﺗ ﺮﭘ ﻂ ﻲ ﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻳ ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻕﻮﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
؛ ﻪﮐ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺕﺎ .
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺭﺎ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
، ﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺔ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻴ
ﺎ
ﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻳ ﺍ ﻞ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺸ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ .
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺳ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ :
،ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻭ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻳ
ﻟﻭﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﮏ ﻴﻪ
. ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
13
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺔ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺔﻤﻫ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻥﺎ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ٢
ﻗﺩ ﻴﻘ ﺔ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ ﻱ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻫ
ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﻧﺁ ﻥﺎ ﮔﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺔ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﺪﺷ .
ﺲﭙﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎ ﺔ
ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﻪ ٤ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻱ
ﺐﻠﻗ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺮﻣﺁ ﻳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﮑ ٢٠٠٥
) ٢٠ ( ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ . ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ
ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪ
ﻧﺍﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺶ ﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻓ ﻴ ﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻢﻠ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ -
ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻳ
ﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻪ ﻴ
ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺔ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﻱ
ﺣﺍ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ Laerdal ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﮊﻭﺮﻧ
. ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺔ ﻡﻮﺳ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ٨ ﺴﻘﺗ ﻩﺮﻔﻧ ﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻢ ﺪﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ
ﻫﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻲ
ﻡﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎ ﻱ
ﺮﻤﺗ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻳ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻦ ﺪﻧ ﻭ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﻳﺪ
. ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺔﻤﻫ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺓﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ
ﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎ
ﺧ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮ ٢
ﻗﺩ ﻴﻘ ﺔ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ) ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻞﮑ ﻳ ﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ
ﻪﻨ ( ﺣﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻴ
ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎ
ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺑ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻪ ﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﻧﺁ ﻥﺎ ﮔﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺔ
ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﺪﺷ .
ﮔﺮﺑ ﺔ ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺓ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ
ﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻦ
ﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ
ﺮﻣﺁ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﺎﮑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ
٢٠٠٥ ) ٢٠ ( ﻬﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻴ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪ ﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻳ
ﻤﻠﻋ ﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻴ
ﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪ ﺓ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ )
ﺱ ( ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻳﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺎﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻳﺎ
ﻲﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺄ
ﻴﻳ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪ )
۸۵ /۰ (؛r=
ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻮﺠ ﻳ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎ ﻲ
ﺕﺭﺎﮐ
ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ١ ﻳ ﺎ ٢ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﻌﺟ ﮏ ٢٤
ﻩﺮﻔﻧ
ﺴﻘﺗ ﻴ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻢ ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ
ﺑ ﻪ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ١ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺶ ٢
ﺑ ﻪ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ .
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ ١
ﺭﺩ
ﻳ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏ ﺔ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ٢ ﺷ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ٦ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻩﺮﻔﻧ
ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ٢ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻘ ﺔ ﺣﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻴ
ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎ ﻱ
ﻠﮐ ﺕﺎﮑﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻴ
ﺪ ﻱ ﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻦ
ﻳ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺪﺷ .
ﻳ ﻟﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺴﮑ ﻴ
ﻦ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻤﺳﺭ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻴ
ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻮﻋﺩ .
ﺎﻬﻧ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻳ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﻨﺳ ﮏ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .ﺍ
ﻳ ﺭﺎﻨﺳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻮ ﻳ ﻨﺤﺻ ﮏ ﺔ ﺍﻳ ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻣ ﺩﺮﻣ ﮏ ﻴ ﻝﺎﺴﻧﺎ ) ٤٥ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ( ﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺑﺎ
ﻭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻲ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ
ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻱ
ﺎﻣ ﻦﮑﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻏ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ ﺮ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺾﺒﻧ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ .
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ
ﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻲ ﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺭ ﻳ
ﺣﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻢﺘ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ
ﺎﭘﻳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪ ٢
ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ) ٤ ﺳ ﻴ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻞﮑ ﻳ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻪ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻭ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ( ﺪﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻲ
) ١١ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ( ﻞﻣﺎﺷ : ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺍﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ) ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻌﺗ
ﻴﻴ ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻄﺧ ﻦ ﻲ
( ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ، ﻲ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺷﻮﻫ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ،ﻡﻭﺪﺼﻣ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ -
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ﻲ
،ﺲﻔﻨﺗ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺗﻭﺭﺎﮐ ﺾﺒﻧ ﻴ
ﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ،ﺪ ﺆ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﺮﺛ ﺔ ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ
) ١٢٠ - ١٠٠ ﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘ ٥
- ٤ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،
ﻮﻬﺗ ﻳﺔ ﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺆ
ﺮﺛ ) ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻴﻳ ﺘﻓﺭ ﻦ ﺴﻔﻗ ﻦ ﺔ ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ
ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﺑ ١٢٠٠ - ٨٠٠ ﺳ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ( ﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻳ
ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﺔ ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ) ٣٠ : ٢ ( ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﮔﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺔ
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﻳ ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﮕ ﻲ ﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻱ ﺮﻫ
ﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
= ١ ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻭ
= ٠ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻳ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺮﻤﻧ ﺐ ﺓ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﮐ ﻱ
١١
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻳﺪ
. ﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺔ ﺮﻤﻧ ﺓ ﮏﭼ ﻞﮐ ﻟﻴ ﺑ ﺖﺴ ﻴ ﻦ ٠
14
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﺎﺗ ١١ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮ ﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻳ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞ .
ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻴ
ﺎ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ Laerdal
ﮊﻭﺮﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺷ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻭ ﻪ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
SPSS
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ٥/
١١ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ t
ﻱ ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﺴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ
ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ .
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
P<0.05 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ٤٨
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻥﺎ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
، ﻳ ﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﮏ ﻪ
ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ
ﺔ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺎ ﻳ
ﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻝﺎﺴﮑ .
ﺯﺍ ٢٤
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻳ
،ﺶ ٣ ﺮﻔﻧ ) ٥/
١٢ (%
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ
ﻘﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻪ ) ٥/
٨٧ (%
ﺎﺑ ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻨﺳ ﻦ ﻲ ٢ ± ٢٣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ
٢٣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ ٤
ﺮﺴﭘ ) ٤/
١٧ (%
ﻭ ١٩ ﺮﻔﻧ ) ٦/
٨٢ (%
ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻨﺳ ﻦ ﻲ ٣ ± ٢٢ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ .
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻭﮋﭘ
ﺶﻫ ﻣ ﺆﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺪ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣt
ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ
ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ
) t= -1.7 , p= 0/09 (؛
ﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻴ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻝﺎﺴﮑ
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) t=8.5 , p= 0.00 . (
ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﻳ
ﺶ
ﻪﮐ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﺴﻛ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ) ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺓ
١ .(
ﺤﺻ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻴ
ﺢ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺶ
ﻳ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺴﮑ ﺓ
٢ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .ﻳ
ﻓﺎ ﻪﺘ ﺎﻫ ﺑﻴ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻲ
ﺍﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻨﺤﺻ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻳ
ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ -
ﻖﻤﻋ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ
ﻣ ﺆ ﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺮﺛ ﻴ
ﻪﻨ ) ٥ - ٤ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻤ ( ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻴﻳ
ﻦ ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ
ﺓ ﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻴ ﺑ ﻪﻨ ﻴ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ) p=0.001 (.
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﺍﻳ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻳ ﻪﮑﻨ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺎ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻳ ﺪﺑﺎ
، ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﺒﺜﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﺖ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎ .
ﺎﺷ ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴ ﻲ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮ
ﻲ ﺣ ﻴﺗﺎ ﻲ ﺎﻘﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺑﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻴ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ﻲﻣ ﮐ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴﻔ
ﻴ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺖ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪ ﺍﺰﺳ ﻲﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱ ﺮﺑ
ﮏﻧﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻲ
ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺣﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻴ
ﺭﺩ ﺎ
ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻮﺠ ﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﺳﺭ ﭖﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﻧﺁ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ ﻥﺎ
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﻌﺿ ﺎ ﻴ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻒ ﻲﻣ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻣﻴ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ
ﻧﺁ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎ
ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺎ )
٢٥ - ٢١ .(
ﺭﺩ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ ﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧ
ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺎ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﻫﺎﮔﺍ ، ﻲ ﺲﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻩﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﻭ
ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺔ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺑ ﻪ ﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻴﺮ
ﻱ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﻳ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ) ۲۶ .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﺩ ﻳ ﺮﮕ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲ
ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴ ﺮ
ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﮔﺩﺎ ﻴﺮ ﻱ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﺍﺪ
ﻧﻴ ﺰ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﺶﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺎﻣ
ﻳ ﺗ ﺭﺎﺒﮑ ﺄﮐ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪ
، ﺯﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺍﺮ
ﺍ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻳ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻦ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻴ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ ﺰ )
۱۹ .(
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻞ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺭﺩ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺍﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﮏﻤ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻘﻋ
- ﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ﺆ
ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﺮﺛ
15
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﺳ ﻴ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻨ ﻳﺔ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺆ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺛ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺑﻴ ﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ .
ﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻳ ﺖ ) ٧٢
% ( ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺍ ﺶ ﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻲ
،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ) ٦٥
% (
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎ ﻳ
ﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦ ﻠﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺍﺭ ﺎ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ .
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺔ ﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻴ
ﺎ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻴ
ﺍ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﮕﻧﺍ ﻴ ﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍﺰ ﻳ ﮕﻧﺍﺮﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺨ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﭘ ﻂ
ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺎ ﻲﻣ
ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ )
٢٧ .(
ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺴﺑ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺍ ﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺑ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻂ ﻴ
ﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻴ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻏ ﻴ ﻟﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮ ﻲ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ
ﻧﺁ ﻥﺎ ﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻴ
ﺳﻭ ﻒ ﻴﻌ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﻲﺑ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻳ ﺘﺣ ﺎ ﻲ ﺪﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺮﮔﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻳ
ﻞ ﻳ ﮏ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﻭﺪﺼﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺪﺼﻣ .
ﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻳ ﺘﺴ ﻲ ﺮﺑ ﺍﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ
ﺮﮔﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ ﺑ ﻪ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻦ ﺮﺗ
ﻳ ﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺕﺎ
ﺣﺍ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺗ ﺄﮐ ﻴ ﺑ ﺪ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻱ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻳﮑ
ﻲ ﺩ ﻳ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕ ﻴ
ﺕﺎ
ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻳ ﺖ ) ٨٣
% ( ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻳ
ﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻦ ﻱ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﮏﻤﮐ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ
، ﻂﻘﻓ ٢١ % ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎ ﻳ
ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦ
ﺮﮐﺫ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻧ . ﺭﺩ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺔ ﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺩ ﻳ ﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ ﻴ
ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎ
ﻳ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺍ ﺭﺮﮑﻣ ﻳ ﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺎ ﻱ
ﺑﻪ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺳﺭ
، ﺯﻳ ﺍﺮ ﺑﻴ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻲﻳ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺎ،
ﺳﺭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻴ
ﻧ ﻥﺪ ﻴ ﺎﻫﻭﺮ ﻱ ﮑﻤﮐ ﻲ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺍ ﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﺎﻘﺑ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻱ ﺑﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ -
ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ ) ٢٩ ﻭ ٢٨ .(
ﺭﺩ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺑ ﻪ ﻭﻳ ،ﻥﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋ
ﺵﻭﺭﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﭘﻴ ﺘﻓﺮﺸ ﺔ ﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻴ
ﻥﻮﭼ ﺕﺎ
ﻓﺩ ﻴ ﺮﺒ ﻳ ﻓ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺗﻼ ﻴ
ﺮﺒ ﻳ ﺳﻼ ﻴ ﻨﻄﺑ ﻥﻮ ﻲ ﻮﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻳ ﺰ
ﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺄﮐ
ﻴ ﺪﺠﻣ ﺪ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩ ﻴ ﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻴ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺕﺎ ﻴ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
؛ ﺍﺬﻟ
ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﻴ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺎ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺳﺭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ
ﻧ ﻥﺪ ﻴ ﺎﻫﻭﺮ ﻱ ﮑﻤﮐ ﻲ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻬﺠﺗ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺕﺍﺰ
.
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ -
ﻛﺍ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ﺮﺜ
) ٥٨ (%
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎ
١٣ % ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺎ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺶ ﻳ ﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦ ﻪ
ﺘﺳﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺘﻧﻴ ﺠ ﺔ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭﻮﮐﺮﻓ
ﻳ ﮏ ) ٢٠٠٨ ( ﻧﻴ ﺰ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎ ﻱ ﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻧﺎﻣ ﺢ ﻱ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻳ
ﻧﻴ ﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎ ﻳ
ﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻱ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ) ٣٠ ( . ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐﺯﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻲ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻧﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳﺔ
ﻣ ﺆ ﺮﺛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ ﺭﻮﻧﺎﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ -
ﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ﻪ
ﺤﺻ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻴ
ﺯﺍ ﺢ
ﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻳ
ﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻴﺮ
ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻭ ﻳﺔ
ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﺯﺎﺳ .
ﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺆ ﺴﻔﻗ ﺮﺛ ﺔ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻨ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺣﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭ ﻳﻮ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻨ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺆ
ﻣ ﺮﺛ ﻲ ﺮﺟ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﻓﺎﮐ ﻥﻮﺧ ﻥﺎ ﻲ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺬﻐﺗ ﻳﺔ
ﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻪ ﺑﻮﺧ ﻲ ﮐ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﻨ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻘﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻳ
ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺍ ﺞ ﻳ ﻣ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦ ﺆ
ﺮﺛ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻩﺪ
ﺪﺷ
، ﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺆ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺮﺛ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨ
ﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ . ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺔ
ﻟﺮﺒﻤﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ) ۲۰۰۲ ( ﺖﻓﺍ
ﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺮ ﺆ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﺮﺛ ﺔ ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ) ﻭ ﻖﻤﻋ
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ( ٦ ﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ )
٢٢ ( . ﺎﺑ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺞ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺑ ﻖ ﻪ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲ ﺪﺳﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ
ﺍﻳ ﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦ ﻪ
ﻦﮑﻧﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ
ﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻳ
ﺗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶ ﺄﺛﻴ
ﺮ ﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻲ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
، ﺎﻣﺍ ﺑ ﻪ ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻞ ﻱ
ﮕﺘﺴﺧ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻲ
ﺩﻭﺯ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺑ ﻪ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻨ
ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ، ﺮﻤﺗ ﻳ ﻭ ﻦ ﺴﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻴ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺭﺎ ﻴ
ﺖ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺔ ﻮﻬﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻳﺔ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ
16
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺆ ﺮﺛ ) ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻴﻳ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻦ ﺔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ( ﺑﻴ ﻦ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ
ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪ . ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻞ ﻱ
ﻮﻬﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻳﺔ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ
ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺩ ﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺱﺮﺗ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺎﻔﮐﺎﻧ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻦ ﻳﺘ
ﻲ
ﺍﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ )
٣١ (
ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺍ ﻱ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻴ
ﻮﻬﺗ ﺖ ﻳﺔ
ﻣ ﺆ ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛ ﺄﻣ ﻴ ﺴﮐﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﮋ ﻴ
ﺯﺎ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣ ﻴﺗﺎ ﻲ ﻥﺪﺑ ،
ﺤﺻ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻴ
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺢ ﻱ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ
، ﺮﻤﺗ ﻳ ﻓﺎﮐ ﻦ ﻲ ﺗ ﻭ ﺄﮐ ﻴ ﺮﺑ ﺪ
ﺎﺳﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻞ ﻲ ﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻲ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺎﻤﺗ ﺶ ﻳ ﻞ
ﺴﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻴ
ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺭﺎ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦ
، ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻣ
ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺔ ﻢﮐ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺑ
؛
ﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻳ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﮑﻨ .
ﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺮﮕ ﻢﻫ
ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻲ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ
ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻳ
ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﮔﻮﺳ ﻴﺮ ﻱ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ ﻴ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻖ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻪ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕ ﺔ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻌﺳ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﺮﮕ ﻱ ﻏ ﻴﺮ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻱ ﺗﻴ ﻢ
ﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲ ﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻴ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺮ ﻳ
ﻤﻌﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺞ ﻴ
ﻢ ﺮﺗ
ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐﻭ ﻱ ﺮﺗ ﻱ ﺑ ﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻴ
ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺎ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺶﻨﺗﺮﭘ ﻂ ﻳ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲ -
ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺑﻴ ﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﹰﻼﻤﻋ ﺬﭘ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻳ
ﺮ
ﻧ ﻲﻤ ﺯ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺍ ﻥﺎ ﻳ ﺩﺎﺠ
ﻲﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻳ
ﻂ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺎ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﻲﻣ ﻳ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺑﺎ ﻱ
ﺎﺷ ﻳ ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻊ ﻳﺮ
ﺖﺳﺍ
؛ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓ ﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲ
ﺷ ﻴ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺯﺍﺮ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺶ ﻱ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣﺍ ﻴ ﺩﺮﮔ ﺎ ﻳﺪ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺰﻫ ﻢﮐ ﻭ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻪﻨ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻱ ﺒﺜﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻣ ﺆ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺑ ﻦ ﻪ ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻞ ﻲ
ﺭﺩ
ﺍﻳ ﻣﺯ ﻦ ﻴ ﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻨ ﻴ
ﭘ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻴ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻲ
ﻮﻧ ﻳ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺩﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﻲﻣ
ﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎ ﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻥ
ﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻴﻨ ﻲ
ﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺓ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ )
ﺱ ( ﺷﻴ ﺯﺍﺮ
ﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻤﺻ ﻖ ﻴ ﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﺪﻨ .
17
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
ﻢﺋﺎﻤﺿ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ١ : ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﺴ ﺔ ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺣﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎ ﻴﺎ
ﻱ ﺒﻠﻗ ﻲ - ﺭﻳ ﻮ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻭ ﺶ
ﻭ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻳ
ﮑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺴ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺶ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ t
p
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻌﺑ ١.٥
٨.٣± ١.٧ ٩.٣± ١.٧ - ٠.٠٩
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﻝﺎﺴﮑ
ﺪﻌﺑ ٠.٩
٥.٧± ١.٨ ± ٣.١ ٨.٥ ٠.٠٠
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ٢ : ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ
ﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻲﺒﻠﻗ - ﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻳﺭ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩ
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺴﮑﻳ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ
ﻒﻳﺩﺭ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ )
٢٤ (
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
) ٢٣ ( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ١ ٢٢
٩٢ ١٤ ٧١
٠٠١ /٠
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﻡﻭﺪﺼﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ ٢ ٢٤
۱۰۰ ٢١
۹۱ N.S
ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ٣ ٢٤
١٠٠ ١٥ ٦٥
٠٠٢ /٠
ﺐﻘﻋﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﺑ ٤ -
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﭼ ٢٢
٩٢ ١٣ ٥٦
٠١ /٠
ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ٥
٢٤ ١٠٠
٢١ ٩١
N.S
ﺪﻴﺗﻭﺭﺎﮐ ﺾﺒﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ٦ ١٨
٧٥ ١٧ ٧٤
N.S
ﻣ ﻖﻤﻋ ٧ ﺆ ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﺮﺛ )
٥ - ٤ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ ( ٢٠
٨٣ ١١ ٤٨
٠٠١ /٠
ﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ٨ ﺆ ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺮﺛ
) ١٢٠ - ١٠٠ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ (
١٠ ٤٢
٩ ٣٩
N.S
ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ٩ ﺓ
ﺴﻔﻗ ﺔ ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ١٨
٧٥ ١٢ ٥٢
٠٠١ /٠
ﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ١٠ ﺆ ﺮﺛ ) ١٢٠٠ - ٨٠٠ ﻲﺳ ﻲﺳ ( ١٢
٥٠ ١٠ ٤٣
N.S
ﺴﻔﻗ ﻥﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ١١ ﺔ
ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ٢٤
١٠٠ ٢٣ ١٠٠
N.S
18
هرﺎﻤﺷ،مرﺎﻬﭼلﺎﺳ،تﺎﺠﻧوداﺪﻣاﯽﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ1 ،1391
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