ﺮﺑ يروﺮﻣ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ
ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﭘوﺮﺗﻮﻧوﺮﮐ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ
رﻮﭘ ناﺮﯾا ﺮﮕﺴﻋ ﯽﻠﺒﻠﺑ ﯽﻠﻌﻔﻄﻟ ،1
2
1 - ناﺮﯾا ،ﻞﯿﺑدرا ،ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺷزرو يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
2 - ناﺮﯾا ،ﻞﯿﺑدرا ،ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺷزرو يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد )
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ (
- uma.ac.ir
@
l_bolboli
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ فﺪﻫ و
ﺰﻐﻣ يﻻوﺪﻣ
:)
ﻞﺼﺑ عﺎﺨﻨﻟا ( رﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يﺰﻐﻣ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯿﻟوا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ و ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ و ﺲﮑﻠﻓرو
ﯽﻣ ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﻤﻫ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ
. ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾا رد
، ﺰﻐﻣ يوﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ )
(
NTSﯽﻣ يرﻮﺘﭙﺳرورﺎﺑ ناﺮﺑاو يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ ﺲﭘﺎﻨﯿﺳ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﻟوا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﭙﺳرورﺎﺑ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﭙﺳرورﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﺎ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ و
يرﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
رﺎﮐ شور :
ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻪﯾﺎﭘ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ
بﺮﺿ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﭘ رد ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﮓﻨﻫآ
يﺎﻫ
يدﺎﻨﺘﺳا
Pub Med ، Google scholar ،
SID ، magiran ، Irandoc
هژاو ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ،ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﭘوﺮﺗﻮﻧوﺮﮐ ،ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺒﻠﻗ
، ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ .
ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﮐ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﭘوﺮﺗﻮﻧو دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ رد
، ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ زا يا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯾﻮﻧ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ :ﺎﻫ
نورﻮﻧ زا ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد نورﻮﻧ ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫ
ﯽـﻣ هﺪـﯿﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﭙﻤـﺳ ﯽـﺘﮐﺮﺣ ﺶﯿـﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
. ﻦـﯾا
نورﻮﻧ ﺎﻫ مﺎﯿﭘ نورﻮﻧ ياﺮﺑ ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ لﺎﺳرا ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﺨﻧ بﺎﻨﻃ رد ﯽﻧﻮﯿﻟﺎﮕﻧﺎﮔ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ
. ﻦـﯾا ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﯽﺒـﺼﻋ مﺎـﯿﭘ
هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ يرﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ )
ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﭙﺳرورﺎﺑ (
هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ، ﺲﮑﻠﻓر و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺳر . ترﻮـﺻ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ )
ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ (
ﯽﺴﻔﻨﺗ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ )
ﺲﮑﻠﻓر ﯽـﺴﻔﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ (
ﯽـﻗوﺮﻋ تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ و )
يﺮﯾﺬـﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ (
ﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﯽـﻣ ﺰـﻐﻣ يﻻوﺪـﻣ ﯽـﺴﻔﻨﺗ و ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺳ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﺸﯾر اﺮﯾز ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. و ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﺘﻧا ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ
ﺲﮑﻠﻓر ناﺮﺑاو يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ لﺎﻨﯿﻣﺮﺗ ﺰـﻐﻣ يوﺰـﻨﻣ ﻪﺘـﺴﻫ رد ﯽـﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ
) (
NTSدراد راﺮـﻗ .
نورﻮـﻧ ﯽﻤﮑـﺷ ﯽـﻣد ﻪﺘـﺴﻫ ﻪـﯿﺣﺎﻧ يﺎـﻫ
ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ) (
CVLMﻞﺼﺑ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﻤﮑﺷ ﯽﺟﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ و عﺎﺨﻨﻟا
) (
RVLMﺑﺮﺿ و نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮕﻧ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ار ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎ
ﺪﻧراد . ﯽـﻟو
ﻪﺘﺴﻫ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞـﺼﺑ ﯽﺒﻧﺎـﺟ ﯽﻤﮑـﺷ ﯽﻣد و ﯽﺟﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺲـﮑﻠﻓر ناﺮـﺑاو يﺎـﻫرﺎﺗ زا ﯽـﺷﺎﻧ عﺎـﺨﻨﻟا ،ﯽـﺒﻠﻗ يﺎـﻫ
ﺲﮑﻠﻓرورﺎﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ و ﺎﻫ
زا ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ يزاﻮﻫ ﯽﺷزرو )
Resetting
( ﻦـﯾا
ﺮﻣ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺰﮐا ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ
. ﻞﺼﺑ زا ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ رد ،رﻮﮐﺬﻣ دراﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ عﺎﺨﻨﻟا
سﻮﮕﯿﺒﻣآ يﺎﻫ )
١(
NAﻪﺘﺴﻫ و ﯽﺘـﺸﭘ يﺎـﻫ
ﯽﮔاو ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ )
٢(
DMVنورﻮﻧ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﭙﻤﺳارﺎﭘ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﻟﺎﮕﻧﺎﮔ ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ
ار ﯽـﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﭙﻤـﺳارﺎﭘ ياﺰـﺟا ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ
.
،ﺰﻐﻣ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ يرﻻوﺪﻣ قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
) ﻞﺼﺑ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ عﺎﺨﻨﻟا
( و ﯽـﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا زا ،ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ و ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
لﺎﯿﮐاﺮﺑارﺎﭘ ي زﻮﯿﻓ ﺮﮑﯿﻟﻮﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ،
٣ﻪﺘﺳد ،
٤لﻮﻠﺳ زا يا
-يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ و
A5سﻮﻣﻻﺎﺗﻮﭙﯿﻫ رﻻﻮﮑﯾﺮﺘﻧوارﺎﭘ ي )
٥(
PVNدﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا .
1.nucleus ambiguous
2.dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
3.parabrachial nucleus
4.Kolliker-Fuse nucleus
5.paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ )
ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ (
و ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻢﺘﯾر رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و يرﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
هژاوﺪﯿﻠﮐ :ﺎﻫ
ﻞﺼﺑ ،ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﯽﭘوﺮﺗﻮﻧوﺮﮐ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻢﺘﯾر ،نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،عﺎﺨﻨﻟا
A review of neural mechanisms of cardiac chronotropic regulation
Asgar Iranpour1, Lotfali Bolboli2
1. PhD Student in Sport Physiology, University of MohageghArdebili, Ardebil, Iran
2. Associated Professor in Sport Physiology, University of MohageghArdebili, Ardebil, Iran( Corresponding Author)- l_bolboli@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Background and Aims: The brain modulus is the first brain region that combines the baroreflex and cardiovascular fibers of the nervous system. In this area, the brain-isolated nucleus (NTS) is the first location of the synapse of baroreceptor passages. In addition, this site is the most important area for all baroreceptors, especially cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and vascular receptors.
Methods: In order to collect the basic information in the field of heart rate regulator neural mechanisms the Heart rate variability, Cardiac coronotropy, Cardiac neural regulation words, Searched in pub Med, Google scholar, SID, magiran, Irandoc Citation database, Then, by reviewing the neural mechanisms of cardiac chronotropic regulation in the existing literature, a summary of the findings of these studies was presented.
Results: There are a group of neurons in the brainstem of the brain, which are referred to as sympathetic pre motors neurons.These neurons send messages to the preganglionicneurons in the middle spinal cord. This neurologic message ultimately reaches to baroreceptors, chemical receptors, and cardiopulmonary refluxes.For this reason, changes in the heart rate (heart rate variability) are related to respiratory changes (respiratory reflexes) and vascular changes (blood pressure variability).Because the main root of these three cardiovascular and respiratory factors is brain modulus.The terminal pathways of the cardiac reflexes afferent fibers are located in the brain's isolated nucleus (NTS).The caudal ventrolateral medulla(CVLM) neurons and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) maintain blood pressure and heart rate in the base state. However, changes in CVLM and RVLM from cardiac reflexes afferent fibers, baroreflexes, and vascular chemoreceptor affected by aerobic exercise led to the resetting the nervous system points of these centers. In addition to these, in certain regions of the medulla the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), there is a placement of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that modulate the parasympathetic components of the heart.In addition to the brain stem centers, super medulla structures are involved in controlling the cardiovascular system and play an important role in regulating and modulating the cardiac neural. Parabolic nuclei, fuselage core coil, bundle A5 cells and the hypothalamic parontotrichular nucleus (PVN).These areas include parabrachialnucleus, Kolliker- Fuse nucleus, a group of A5 cells and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN).
Conclusion: Cardiac responsiveness to exercise (heart rate variability) is affected by changes in respiratory rhythm and regulation of vascular baroreceptors and chemical receptors. Therefore, a neural change in the heart is the one of the pathways for checking and modifying the blood pressure.
Key words: Chronotropy, Heart rate variability, medulla, Blood pressure variability, Respiratory rhythm
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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