• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

0LQJ=KRXMember IEEE-XQ\L=KDL*HQJ\LQ/L MemberIEEE,-LDKXL=KDQJ<XDQ:DQJ

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2024

Membagikan "0LQJ=KRXMember IEEE-XQ\L=KDL*HQJ\LQ/L MemberIEEE,-LDKXL=KDQJ<XDQ:DQJ "

Copied!
5
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

Abstract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

SUREOHPRIHDFKDUHDLQGHSHQGHQWO\7KURXJKWKH GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ PHFKDQLVPV WKH HFRQRP\ RI WKH HQWLUH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG V\VWHP LV DFKLHYHG $ EXV WZR DUHD V\VWHP LQWHUFRQQHFWHG YLD +9'& WLHOLQH LV XWLOL]HG WR YHULI\ WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHSURSRVHGPRGHO

Index Terms—$&'&SRZHUV\VWHP+9'&WUDQVPLVVLRQSODQ ZLQG SRZHU DFFRPPRGDWLRQ GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ DQDO\WLFDOWDUJHWFDVFDGLQJWHFKQLTXH

,,1752'8&7,21

%\ WKH HQG RI WKH WRWDO LQVWDOOHG FDSDFLW\ RI ZLQG SRZHU LQ &KLQD KDV H[FHHGHG *: UDQNLQJ ILUVW LQ WKH ZRUOG0RVWRIWKHVHZLQGSRZHULVWUDQVIHUUHGWRUHPRWHORDG FHQWHUWKURXJKK\EULG+9$&DQG+9'&WUDQVPLVVLRQ,QIDFW WKH FURVVUHJLRQDO +9'&WUDQVPLVVLRQFDSDFLW\KDV H[FHHGHG *: ZKLFK DOVR UDQNV ILUVW LQ WKH ZRUOG $ ODUJHVFDOH

$&'&K\EULGLQWHUFRQQHFWHGSRZHUJULGKDVEHHQIRUPHGLQ

&KLQD6RXWKHUQ3RZHU*ULGDQG(DVW&KLQD3RZHU*ULG7KLV FURVVUHJLRQDO+9'&LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQDQGKLJKSHQHWUDWLRQRI ZLQG SRZHU KDYH EURXJKW ELJ FKDOOHQJHV WR WKH GLVSDWFKLQJ RSHUDWLRQRISRZHUV\VWHP

6HJPHQWHGRSHUDWLRQPRGHLVZLGHO\XVHGLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDO FURVVUHJLRQDO+9'&WUDQVPLVVLRQ+RZHYHUWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ SRZHU LV FRQVWDQW LQ HDFK VHFWLRQ ODFNLQJ WKH DELOLW\ RI UHVSRQGLQJ WRZLQGSRZHUIOXFWXDWLRQV 6LQFH WKH SRZHU IORZ RI +9'&WLHOLQH FDQEH IOH[LEO\FRQWUROOHGLWLV HVVHQWLDO WR PDNH IXOO XVH RI WKH DGMXVWPHQW DELOLW\ RI +9'& WLHOLQH WR JUHDWO\ SURPRWH ZLQG SRZHU DFFRPPRGDWLRQ LQ WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWHGSRZHUJULG

,Q >@ WKH 6&8& PRGHO FRQVLGHULQJ WKH VWHDG\VWDWH RSHUDWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI$&'&K\EULGWUDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHP LVHVWDEOLVKHGDQGWKH%HQGHUVGHFRPSRVLWLRQPHWKRGLVXVHG

7KLV ZRUN ZDV VXSSRUWHG LQ SDUW E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO .H\ 5HVHDUFK DQG 'HYHORSPHQW3URJUDP<)%

WRVROYHWKHSUREOHPV,Q>@WKHXQLILHGRSWLPL]DWLRQPRGHORI 23) IRU $&'& LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG LV HVWDEOLVKHG ,Q

>@ D WZRVWDJH GD\DKHDG JHQHUDWLRQ VFKHGXOLQJ PRGHO LV SURSRVHGWRRSWLPL]HWKHUHJLRQDO+9'&WLHOLQHWUDQVPLVVLRQ SODQ7KHVHUHVHDUFKHVIRFXVRQWKHJHQHUDWLRQVFKHPHVLQWKH FHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK PRGH )RU WKH $&'& LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG KRZ WR FRRUGLQDWHO\ RSWLPL]H WKH JHQHUDWLRQ VFKHPHV DQG +9'& WLHOLQH WUDQVPLVVLRQ SODQ LVZRUWK\ RI IXUWKHUUHVHDUFKHV

6LQFH WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG LV ODUJH LQ VFDOH LW LV XQUHDOLVWLFWRFDUU\RQWKHFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKPRGH+RZHYHU WKH GHFHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK PRGH FDQ UHGXFH FDOFXODWLRQ FRPSOH[LW\DQGPDLQWDLQLQGHSHQGHQWUHJLRQDODXWRQRP\7KH FRRUGLQDWHG GLVSDWFK VWUDWHJ\ RI LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG XQGHUHOHFWULFLW\PDUNHW HQYLURQPHQWLVVWXGLHGLQ >@ ,Q >@

WKH DXJPHQWHG /DJUDQJLDQ UHOD[DWLRQ $/5 DOJRULWKP LV SURSRVHG WR VROYH WKH PXOWLDUHD 23) SUREOHP ,Q >@ WKH DX[LOLDU\ SUREOHP SULQFLSOH $33 DOJRULWKP LV XVHG WR VROYH WKH 23) SUREOHP RI ODUJHVFDOH SRZHU V\VWHP $ GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ DOJRULWKP LV SURSRVHG LQ >@

DQG>@IRUPXOWLDUHDSRZHUV\VWHPVXVLQJ$33DOJRULWKPLQ ZKLFKDWZRVWDJHVWRFKDVWLFSURJUDPLQJPRGHOLVDGGUHVVHGWR FRQVLGHUZLQGSRZHUXQFHUWDLQW\$FRRUGLQDWHGGHFHQWUDOL]HG ULVNEDVHG GLVSDWFK PHWKRG EDVHG RQ DQDO\WLFDO WDUJHW FDVFDGLQJ $7& WHFKQLTXH LV SUHVHQWHG LQ >@ +RZHYHU WKH VWXG\ RQO\ IRFXVHV RQ VLQJOH LQWHUYDO DQG WKH SUREOHP RI G\QDPLF FRXSOLQJ IRU PXOWLSOH SHULRGV LV QRW FRQVLGHUHG ,Q

>@ D GLVWULEXWHG 6&8& PRGHO DQG D SDUDOOHO FDOFXODWLRQ PHWKRG DUH SURSRVHG WR VROYH WKH ODUJHVFDOH 6&8& SUREOHP EDVHG RQ $7& WHFKQLTXH 7KHVH UHVHDUFKHV PHQWLRQHG DERYH KDYHHPSOR\HGDGHFHQWUDOL]HGPDQQHUWRVROYHWKHPXOWLDUHD DFWLYHSRZHUGLVSDWFKEXWIDLOWRFRQVLGHUWKHFRRUGLQDWLRQRI +9'&WLHOLQHWUDQVPLVVLRQ

&RQVLGHULQJWKHIOH[LEOHRSHUDWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI+9'&

WLHOLQHZHDGRSWDGHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGFRRUGLQDWLRQDOJRULWKP EDVHG RQ $7& WHFKQLTXH >@ >@ WR VROYH WKH GD\DKHDG 6&8& SUREOHP IRU LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG ZLWK ZLQG SRZHULQWHJUDWLRQ:KHUHLQWKHXSSHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHULV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU FRRUGLQDWLQJ WKH +9'& WLHOLQH SRZHU IORZ EHWZHHQWKHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGDUHDVDQGWKHORZHUOHYHOGLVSDWFK FHQWHUV VROYH WKH 6&8& SUREOHP RI HDFK DUHD LQGHSHQGHQWO\

&RQVHTXHQWO\ WKURXJK WKH GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ PHFKDQLVPV WKH HFRQRPLF RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH HQWLUH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG V\VWHP DQG WKH GHFHQWUDOL]HG DXWRQRP\ RI UHJLRQDOSRZHUJULGDUHDFKLHYHG

0LQJ=KRXMember IEEE-XQ\L=KDL*HQJ\LQ/L MemberIEEE,-LDKXL=KDQJ<XDQ:DQJ

6WDWH.H\/DERUDWRU\RI$OWHUQDWH(OHFWULFDO3RZHU6\VWHPZLWK5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\6RXUFHV

1RUWK&KLQD(OHFWULF3RZHU8QLYHUVLW\

%HLMLQJ&KLQD ]KRXPLQJ#QFHSXHGXFQ

$'HFHQWUDOL]HG'LVSDWFK$SSURDFKRQ$&'&

+\EULG3RZHU6\VWHPVZLWK:LQG3RZHU

(2)

2 ,,&(175$/,=('',63$7&+)2508/$7,21

,Q WKH FHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK IUDPHZRUN WKH XSSHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU QHHGV WR REWDLQ WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI XQLWV RI ZKROH V\VWHP DQG WKH WRSRORJLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ RI SRZHU JULG )RUPXOD VKRZV WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQ JRDO RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO FHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKPRGHO

* :

* 68 :6 :6

PLQ > i it it it i @ jt

t T i N j N

C C P u v C C P

  

­ ½

° °

® ¾

° °

¯ ¿

¦ ¦ ¦

ZKHUHN*N:DUHWKHVHWRIWKHUPDOXQLWVDQGZLQGWXUELQHV

ui tPit*DUH WKH RQRII VWDWHV DQG RXWSXW RI WKHUPDO XQLWi DW WLPHtCi68LV WKH VWDUWXS FRVW RI WKHUPDO XQLWiC:6LV WKH SHQDOW\FRVWFRHIILFLHQWRIFXUWDLOHG ZLQGPjt:6LV WKH DPRXQW RIFXUWDLOHGZLQGRIZLQGWXUELQHjDWWLPHt

,,,'(&(175$/,=('',63$7&+)5$0(:25.$1'5(*,21$/

'(&20326,7,21&5,7(5,21

,QWKLVSDSHUWKHGHFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKPRGHOLV SURSRVHG IRU FURVVUHJLRQDO LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU V\VWHPV ZLWK PXOWL OHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHUV ,Q RXU GHFHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK IUDPHZRUNHDFKDUHDLVDORZHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHUDQGKDV WKH DXWRQRP\ DELOLW\ %XW WKH ORZHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU LV RQO\UHVSRQVLEOH IRUVFKHGXOLQJWKHLURZQJHQHUDWRUVDQGWKH XSSHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHULVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUFRRUGLQDWLQJWKH +9'& WLHOLQH SRZHU IORZ EHWZHHQ WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG DUHDV 6XFK WKDW WKHUH LV QR LQIRUPDWLRQ LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ ORZHU OHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHUV

:HIRFXVRQWKHSRZHUH[FKDQJHVFKHPHRIWKH+9'&WLH OLQH DQG WKH NH\ WR GHFRPSRVLQJ D ODUJHVFDOH V\VWHP LQWR D UHJLRQDO VXEV\VWHP LV WR ILQG D VXLWDEOH FRXSOLQJ FRQVWUDLQW

&RQVLGHULQJ WKDW WKH PHWKRG RI SKDVH DQJOH GLIIHUHQFH LV QRW VXLWDEOH IRU DQDO\]LQJ WKH SRZHU IORZ RI +9'& WLHOLQH WKHUHIRUHWKH EUDQFKFXWWLQJPHWKRGLVDGRSWHG LQ RXU PRGHO WRGLUHFWO\FXWWKH+9'&WLHOLQH5HJDUGLQJWKHSRZHUIORZRI +9'&WLHOLQHDVWKHVKDUHGYDULDEOHWKH LQWHUFRQQHFWHGDUHD LV GLYLGHG LQWR WZR LVRODWHG DUHDV IXUWKHUPRUH DQ HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRULVDGGHGWRWKH +9'& WLHOLQH EXV LQ HDFK LVRODWHG DUHD7KHUHJLRQDOGHFRPSRVLWLRQWHFKQLTXHLVVKRZQLQ)LJ

7KHUPDO3RZHU :LQG3RZHU

dc

Tm Tndc

m n

$UHD$ $UHD%

$UHD$ $UHD%

Tdc Tdc

m n

)LJ5HJLRQDO'HFRPSRVLWLRQ7HFKQLTXH

7KHPHWKRGRIWDNLQJWKH SRZHU IORZ RI+9'&WLHOLQH DV WKH VKDUHG YDULDEOH KDV WKUHH DGYDQWDJHV SRZHU IORZ RI +9'&WLHOLQHFDQEHGHDOWZLWKHIIHFWLYHO\ZKLFKFDQDYRLG WKHGLIILFXOW\ZKHQXVLQJWKHPHWKRGRISKDVHDQJOHGLIIHUHQFH RQO\ WKH SRZHU IORZ RI +9'& WLHOLQH DQG DOJRULWKP PXOWLSOLHUVQHHGWREHH[FKDQJHGEHWZHHQWKHXSSHUOHYHODQG

ORZHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHUV UHGXFLQJ WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ EXUGHQ LW LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ WR FRQYH\ WKH SKDVH DQJOH LQIRUPDWLRQRIERXQGDU\EXVHVDQGHDFKDUHDFDQVHWWKHVODFN EXVLQGHSHQGHQWO\

,QRXUGHFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKPRGHOWKHIROORZLQJUHJLRQDO FRXSOLQJFRQVWUDLQWVPXVWEHVDWLVILHG

dc dc

m n

T T

ZKHUHTmdcTndcDUH WKH HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRU RXWSXW RI DUHD $ DQGDUHD%UHVSHFWLYHO\

,9'(&(175$/,=('',63$7&+02'(/)25,17(5&211(&7(' 32:(5*5,'9,$+9'&7,(/,1(

A. The Subproblem of the Lower-level Regional Dispatch 8QGHU WKH SUHPLVH RI VDWLVI\LQJ FURVVUHJLRQDO +9'& WLH OLQH SRZHU H[FKDQJH VFKHPH WKH H[FKDQJH SRZHU RI +9'&

WLHOLQHFDQEHUHJDUGHGDVDYDULDEOHWREHRSWLPL]HGWKDWLVWR VD\WKHRXWSXWRIHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUVLQWKH +9'&WLHOLQH EXVHV DUH WR EH RSWLPL]HG )RU WKH PRVW SDUW WKH RXWSXW FRQVWUDLQWVRIHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUVDUHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKRVHRI WUDGLWLRQDO JHQHUDWRUV DQG WKHLU RXWSXW FRQVWUDLQWV DUH PRUH FRPSOH[WRUHIOHFWWKHRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQVRI +9'&WLHOLQH 7KH RSHUDWLRQ FRQVWUDLQWV RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRUV LQ WKH +9'&WLHOLQHEXVDUHDVIROORZV

1) Power adjustment direction constraints during adjacent periods

7RSURWHFWWKH'&FRQYHUWHUWKHSRZHUDGMXVWPHQWGLUHFWLRQ RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRUV FDQQRW EH UHYHUVHG GXULQJ DGMDFHQW SHULRGV

'HILQLQJLQWHJHUYDULDEOHVxmtxmt xmt ZKLFKUHSUHVHQWV ZKHWKHUWKH HTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUm DGMXVWV WKH RXWSXW UXPSV XS RU UXPSV GRZQ DW WLPHt UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHUHIRUH WKDW WKH SRZHUDGMXVWPHQWGLUHFWLRQFDQQRWEHUHYHUVHGGXULQJDGMDFHQW SHULRGVFDQEHH[SUHVVHGDV

mt mt mt

mt mt

mt mt

x x x x x

x x

­ d

° d

®° d

¯

$FFRUGLQJWR>@xmt xmt FDQEHH[SUHVVHGE\WKHFKDQJH RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRU RXWSXW DQG WKH DX[LOLDU\ LQWHJHU YDULDEOHVzmt DQGzmt ZKLFKDUHDVIROORZV

dc dc

mt mt mt

dc dc

mt mt mt

mt mt

mt mt

T T M z

T T M z

x z

x z

­ d

° d

°®

° t

° t

¯

ZKHUHMǃMDUH FRQVWDQWV ZKLFK FDQ PDNH WKH HTXDWLRQ YDOLG

2) Power adjustment rate constraints of the equivalent generator during adjacent periods

'LIIHUHQW IURP WKH WUDGLWLRQDO JHQHUDWRU’s UXPSXS DQG UXPSGRZQ UDWH FRQVWUDLQWV ZH VHW WKH PLQLPXP SRZHU DGMXVWPHQW RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRU ZKLFK LV JUHDWHU WKDQ D IL[HGYDOXHWRDYRLGWKHUHSHDWHGDGMXVWPHQWRI+9'&WLHOLQH SRZHULQVPDOODPSOLWXGHGXULQJDGMDFHQWSHULRGV

(3)

dc dc dc dc

mt m mt mt mt m

x G dT T dx G

ZKHUH Gmdc Gmdc DUH WKH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP SRZHU DGMXVWPHQWUDWHRIHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUm

3) Minimum and maximum output constraints of equivalent generators

dc dc dc

m mt m

T dT dT

ZKHUHTmdc Tmdc DUH WKH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP RXWSXW RI HTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUm

4) Stepwise output constraints of equivalent generator ,Q RUGHU WR NHHS WKH +9'& WLHOLQH SRZHU DV D VWHSZLVH VWDWHWKHHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUVKRXOGNHHSWKHRXWSXWFRQVWDQW DW OHDVW RQH PLQLPXP WLPH LQWHUYDO DIWHU RQH DGMXVWPHQW UXPSXSRUUXPSGRZQLQVLQJOHRUPXOWLSOHFRQWLQXRXVWLPH LQWHUYDO:HGHILQHYDULDEOHVamt amt WRUHSUHVHQWZKHWKHU WKHHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUmLVWRVWDUWWKHDGMXVWPHQWRUWRHQG WKHDGMXVWPHQWDWWLPH t

PLQ 7

T t N

mt m

t

a aW

W

¦

d

ZKHUHN7LVWKHPLQLPXPQXPEHURIWLPHLQWHUYDOV

$FFRUGLQJWR>@WKURXJKWKHDX[LOLDU\LQWHJHUymtWKH IROORZLQJFRQVWUDLQWVFDQEHREWDLQHG

mt mt mt

mt mt mt

mt mt

mt mt

mt mt mt

a x y

a x y

y x

y x

y x x

­ t

° t

°° d

®° d

°° t

¯

5) Total output constraints of the equivalent generator in the scheduling cycle

7KLV FRQVWUDLQW LV WR UHIOHFW WKDW WKH +9'& WLHOLQH WUDQVPLVVLRQFDSDFLW\LVGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHGD\DKHDGFRQWUDFW

m mtdc m

t T

Q T Q

U U



d

¦

d

ZKHUH Qm GHQRWHV WKH GD\DKHDG SODQQHG WUDQVPLVVLRQ FDSDFLW\ RI WKH +9'& WLHOLQH ZKLOH U LV WKH DOORZDEOH GHYLDWLRQUDWLRRIWUDQVPLVVLRQFDSDFLW\

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

* :

* 68 :6 :6

PLQ > @

> @

A A

Adc

i it it it i jt

t T i N j N

dc dc dc dc dc dc

mt mt mt mt mt mt

m

C P u v C C P

T T T T

D E

  

:

­°

®°¯

½°¾

°¿

¦ ¦ ¦

¦

@

dc dc dc dc dc

mt mt mt mt mt

mt mt ½½½

¾½½

¾¾¿

dc

mt m

VW

* : '

* : :6

A A A A

dc dc

it jt jt mt kt

i N j N m k

P P P K T D

  : :

¦ ¦ ¦ ¦

* :

'

* * : :6

>PLQ @

A A

A A

dc

i it i it jt jt

i N j N

dc A

kt m t

k m

P P RU u P P

D K T R

 

: :

t

¦ ¦

¦ ¦

* :

'

* * : :6

>PD[ @

A A

A A

dc

i it i it jt jt

i N j N

dc A

kt m t

k m

P P RD u P P

D K T R

 

: :

d

¦ ¦

¦ ¦

:

: :

A A

t d j jt

j N

R Z P P



¦

: '

:

A A

A

t u jt D kt

j N k

R Z P Z D

 :

¦ ¦

* '

:

* *

: : :6

A A A

dc

A

dc dc D

li it lm mt lk kt

i N m k

lj jt jt l

j N

H P K H T H D

H P P F

 : :



d

¦ ¦ ¦

¦

^ `

K t T l LA

ZKHUH:Adc:'ADUH WKH VHW RI +9'& WLHOLQH EXVHV DQG ORDG EXVHV LQ DUHD $TTmtmtdcdc LV WKH RSWLPDO RXWSXW RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRUmDWWLPH tLVVXHGE\WKHXSSHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHU

dc

Tmt LVWKHRXWSXWRIHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUmDWWLPH tDmtdcEmtdc DUHWKHPXOWLSOLHUVKLVWKHIODJRIUHFWLILHGVWDWHDQGLQYHUWHU VWDWHPjt:LVWKHZLQGSRZHUIRUHFDVWRIZLQGWXUELQHjDWWLPHt

DktLVWKHORDGRIEXVkDWWLPHtP*iP*iDUHWKHPLQLPXPDQG PD[LPXP RXWSXW RI WKHUPDO XQLW iRDiRUiDUH WKH UDPS GRZQDQGUDPSXS UDWH RIWKHUPDO XQLWiZuZdZDDUH WKH GHPDQG FRHIILFLHQW RI ZLQG SRZHU XS UHVHUYH ZLQG SRZHU GRZQ UHVHUYH DQG ORDGRtA RtA DUH WKH UHTXLUHG XS DQG GRZQUHVHUYHFDSDFLW\RIDUHD$DWWLPHtHli*Hlj:HlmdcHlkD DUH WKH SRZHU WUDQVIHU GLVWULEXWLRQ IDFWRU RI WKHUPDO XQLW i ZLQGWXUELQHj+9'&WLHOLQHHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUmORDGk UHVSHFWLYHO\ LA LV WKH LQWHUQDO OLQHV RI DUHD $ Fl LV WKH PD[LPXPWUDQVPLVVLRQSRZHURIOLQHl

,Q WKH DERYH PRGHO WKH REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ LQ LV WR PLQLPL]H WKH WRWDO RSHUDWLQJ FRVW RI DUHD $ LQFOXGLQJ JHQHUDWLRQFRVWDQGSHQDOW\FRVWRIWLHOLQHSRZHUGLIIHUHQFHV (TXDWLRQLVWKHORDGEDODQFHFRQVWUDLQW&RQVWUDLQWV DUH WKH XS DQG GRZQ UHVHUYH FRQVWUDLQWV LV WKH QHWZRUNVHFXULW\FRQVWUDLQWLVWKHRSHUDWLRQFRQVWUDLQWVRI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRUV 7KH PLQLPXPPD[LPXP RXWSXW RI WKHUPDOXQLWVWKHUDPSXSGRZQUDWHVWKHPLQLPXPVWDUWVWRS WLPH FRQVWUDLQW DQG WKH VWDUWVWRS VWDWHV FRQVWUDLQW DUH QRW GHVFULEHGLQGHWDLO

$IWHU DOO ORZHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHUV DFTXLUH WKHLU RZQ RSWLPDO GLVSDWFK VFKHPHV WKH RSWLPDO +9'& WLHOLQH SRZHU IORZ PXVW EH XSORDGHG WR WKH XSSHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU IRU FRRUGLQDWHGRSWLPL]DWLRQ

(4)

4 B. Master Problem of the Upper-level Coordination Dispatch

7KH XSSHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU LV WKH FRRUGLQDWRU RI WKH ZKROH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU V\VWHP ZKLFK LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU PLQLPL]LQJWKHSRZHUGHYLDWLRQRI+9'&WLHOLQHWUDQVPLWWHG E\ DOO ORZHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHUV 7KH PDVWHU RSWLPL]DWLRQ PRGHORIWKHXSSHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHULVDVIROORZV

PLQ > @

> @

Adc

dcB

dc dc dc dc dc dc

mt mt mt mt mt mt

m

dc dc dc dc dc dc

nt nt nt nt nt nt

n

T T T T

T T T T

D E

D E

:

:

¦

¦

@

dc dc dc

t

mt mt mt

mt mt mtd mtd

@

dc dc dc

t

nt nt nt

dc dc

nt nt ntd ntd

VW TTmtmtdcdcdct TTntntdcdcdct ZKHUHTTmtmtdcdcTTntntdcdcLVWKHRXWSXWRIHTXLYDOHQWJHQHUDWRUmnDW WLPH t RI DUHD $ %TmtdcTntdc LV WKH RSWLPDO RXWSXW RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRUm n DW WLPH t XSORDGHG E\ WKH ORZHU OHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU $ % (TXDWLRQ LV WKH UHJLRQDO FRXSOLQJFRQVWUDLQW

C. Global Convergence Criterion and Multiplier Updating Formula

7KHGHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGFRRUGLQDWLRQDOJRULWKPLVFRPSRVHG RI LQQHU DQG RXWHU ORRSV ,Q WKH LQQHU ORRS D IL[HG SHQDOW\

IDFWRU LV XVHG WR VROYH WKH FRXSOHG VXE SUREOHPV $IWHU WKH LQQHU ORRS FRQYHUJHQFH WKH PXOWLSOLHUV DUH XSGDWHG LQ WKH RXWHU ORRS 7KH PXOWLSOH F\FOH LWHUDWLYH LV DGRSWHG LQ VROYLQJ WKH PDVWHU SUREOHP DQG VXE SUREOHPV XQWLO WKH FRQYHUJHQFH FRQGLWLRQLVVDWLVILHG

7KH FRQYHUJHQFH FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQDOJRULWKPLVDVIROORZV

dc dc

mt mt

dc dc m

T T

T

W W

H

d

dc

mt m

Tdct

ZKHUHHdcLVWKHJLYHQFRQYHUJHQFHWKUHVKROG

7KH FULWHULRQ FKHFNV ZKHWKHU WKH WLHOLQH SRZHU GHYLDWLRQ DPRQJ WKH SRZHU LVVXHG E\ XSSHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHU DQG WKH RQH FDOFXODWHG E\ ORZHUOHYHO GLVSDWFK FHQWHUV VDWLVILHVWKHUHTXLUHGSUHFLVLRQLQWKHWWKLWHUDWLRQ

,I WKH FRQYHUJHQFH FRQGLWLRQ LV QRW VDWLVILHG LQ WKHW WK LWHUDWLRQWKHPXOWLSOLHURIHDFKORZHUOHYHOGLVSDWFKFHQWHUZLOO EHXSGDWHGDFFRUGLQJWRDQGWKHWWKLWHUDWLRQ ZLOO EH SHUIRUPHG

> @

dc dc dc dc dc

t t t t t

dc dc

t t

T T

D W D W E W W W

E W JE W

­

°®

°¯

d t

t

ZKHUHJVKRXOGEHQRVPDOOHUWKDQRQHDQGWKHLQLWLDOYDOXHRI DE VKRXOGEHDVPDOOHUFRQVWDQWWRJHWDFRQYHUJHGVROXWLRQ

>@>@

9&$6(678'<

A. Case Data

7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH GHFHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK PRGHO LV WHVWHGXVLQJWZREXVV\VWHPVWRVLPXODWHDUHD$DQGDUHD%

DQG WKH WZR DUHDV DUH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG E\ RQH +9'& WLHOLQH 7KH'&FRQYHUWHULVORFDWHGLQEXVRIDUHD$DQG EXVRI DUHD % DQG D ZLQG IDUP LV ORFDWHG DW EXV RI DUHD $ 7KH WKHUPDOXQLWVGDWDDQGOLQHGDWDFDQEHIRXQGLQ>@7KHORDG

RI DUHD % LV WLPHV RI DUHD $ DQG WKH FRVW FRHIILFLHQWV RI WKHUPDO XQLWV LQ DUHD % DUH WZLFH RI DUHD $ ,Q WKLV ZD\ ZH IRUFH SRZHU LPSRUWV WR DUHD % $VVXPLQJ WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ FDSDFLW\GHYLDWLRQLVQRWDOORZHG

U

WKH+9'&WLHOLQH WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLPLW LV VHW WR >@ 0: WKH GD\DKHDG WUDQVPLVVLRQ SODQ RI +9'& WLHOLQH LV 0:K WKH RXWSXW DGMXVWPHQW UDWH RI HTXLYDOHQW JHQHUDWRU LV VHW WR >@ 0:

WKH SHQDOW\ FRVW RI FXUWDLOHG ZLQG LV 0: WKH FRQYHUJHQFHWKUHVKROGHdc WKHLQLWLDOYDOXHRIVKDUHG YDULDEOHV TTmtmtdcdcdct Tntntdcd DQG WKH LQLWLDO YDOXH RI PXOWLSOLHUVJ Dmtdc Emtdc Dntdc Entdc 7KH ORDG DQG ZLQGSRZHURIDUHD$DUHVKRZQLQ)LJ

3RZHU0:

7LPH,QWHUYDO

/RDG :LQG3RZHU

)LJ/RDGDQGZLQGSRZHU

7KH PL[HGLQWHJHU TXDGUDWLF SURJUDPPLQJ 0,43 SUREOHPV DUH VROYHG RQ D FRPSXWHU ZLWK 4XDG&RUH SURFHVVRUV *+] DQG *% RI 5$0 XVLQJ *XUREL XQGHU<DOPLS

B. Result Analysis

1) Comparison of HVDC tie-line transmission plan

,Q WKLV SDSHU WZR +9'& WUDQVPLVVLRQ PRGHV DUH VHOHFWHG IRU FRPSDULVRQ 0RGH LV WKH WUDGLWLRQDO FRQVWDQW SRZHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ PRGH XVHG LQ WKH FHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK PRGHO 0RGH KDV WKH VDPH WUDQVIHUUHG HOHFWULF HQHUJ\ EXW LV RSWLPL]HG E\ WKH SURSRVHG GHFHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK PRGHO ZKLFK FRQVLGHUV WKH IDFW WKDW WKH ZLQG SRZHU LQ DUHD $ LV VXIILFLHQW DQG WKH ORDG OHYHO LQ DUHD % LV KLJK VR WKH SRZHU WUDQVPLVVLRQRI+9'&WLHOLQHLVXQLIRUPO\RSWLPL]HG 5HVXOWV DUHVKRZQLQ)LJ

+9'&7LHOLQH3RZHU0:

7LPH,QWHUYDO

0RGH 0RGH

)LJ+9'&WLHOLQHSRZHUWUDQVPLVVLRQSODQ

(5)

2) Comparison of wind power curtailment

7KH FXUWDLOHG ZLQG SRZHU RI GLIIHUHQW WLHOLQH WUDQVPLVVLRQ PRGHVLVVKRZQLQ7DELQGLFDWLQJWKDWPRGHLVKHOSIXOIRU ZLQGSRZHUDFFRPPRGDWLRQ

7$%/(,

:,1'32:(5&857$,/0(175$7(,1',))(5(1702'(

0RGH 0RGH

:LQG3RZHU

&XUWDLOPHQW5DWH

3) Algorithm convergence

*HQHUDWLRQ&RVWN

,WHUDWLRQV

2SWLPDO6ROXWLRQRI

&HQWUDOL]HG'LVSDWFK

)LJ&RQYHUJHQFHFXUYHRIJHQHUDWLRQFRVW

+9'&7LHOLQH3RZHU0:

,WHUDWLRQV

2SWLPDO6ROXWLRQRI

&HQWUDOL]HG'LVSDWFK

'HFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKRIDUHD$

'HFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKRIDUHD%

)LJ&onvergence curve of 16th period’s +9'&WLHOLQHSRZHUIORZ )LJXUH VKRZV WKH FRQYHUJHQFH FXUYH RI JHQHUDWLRQ FRVW DQG)LJVKRZVWKHFRQYHUJHQFHFXUYHRIWKH+9'&WLHOLQH SRZHU IORZ DW WKH WK SHULRG :H FDQ FRQFOXGH WKDW WKH SURSRVHG GHFRPSRVLWLRQ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ DOJRULWKP FDQ FRQYHUJHWRWKHJOREDORSWLPDOVROXWLRQDWWKLWHUDWLRQV

4) Calculation time and generation cost

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and what’s more, the GHFHQWUDOL]HG

GLVSDWFK PRGHO LV PRUH IHDVLEOH IRU D ODUJHVFDOH KLHUDUFKLFDO SRZHUV\VWHPZLWKPXOWLSOHGLVSDWFKFHQWHUV

7$%/(,,

&203$5,621%(7:((1&$/&8/$7,217,0($1'*(1(5$7,21&2672)

&(175$/,=('$1''(&(175$/,=('',63$7&+02'(/

&DOFXODWLRQWLPHV *HQHUDWLRQFRVWN

&HQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFK

PRGHO

'HFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFK

PRGHO

9,&21&/86,216

7KLV SDSHU DLPV WR UHVHDUFK WKH GD\DKHDG DFWLYH SRZHU GLVSDWFK IRU LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU JULG ZLWK ZLQG SRZHU LQWHJUDWLRQ YLD +9'& WLHOLQH &RQVLGHULQJ WKH FRPSOH[

RSHUDWLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI +9'& WLHOLQH D GHFHQWUDOL]HG GLVSDWFK DSSURDFK EDVHGRQ$7& WHFKQLTXH LV SURSRVHG 7KH VLPXODWLRQRQDEXVWZRDUHDLQWHUFRQQHFWHGV\VWHPVKRZV WKDWWKURXJKWKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGFRRUGLQDWLRQPHFKDQLVPV WKH HFRQRP\ RI WKH HQWLUH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG V\VWHP FDQ EH DFKLHYHGDQG tKHSURSRVHGGHFHQWUDOL]HGGLVSDWFKPRGHO KDV WKH PHULW LQ ZLQG SRZHU DFFRPPRGDWLRQ DQG FURVVUHJLRQDO FRRUGLQDWLRQRIJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHVIRU$&'&K\EULGSRZHU V\VWHPV

9,,5()(5(1&(6

>@ $/RWIMRX06KDKLGHKSRXU)<RQJDQG=/L6HFXULW\FRQVWUDLQHG XQLW FRPPLWPHQW ZLWK $&'& WUDQVPLVVLRQ V\VWHPVIEEE Trans.

Power Syst.YROQRSS)HE

>@ 0 0 (O0DUVDIDZ\ DQG 5 0 0DWKXU $ QHZˈIDVW WHFKQLTXH IRU ORDGIORZVROXWLRQRILQWHJUDWHGPXOWLWHUPLQDO'&$&V\VWHPVIEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.YRO3$6QR SS –-DQ)HE

>@ ++DQ07X+=KDQJ4'LQJDQG);X 'D\DKHDGJHQHUDWLRQ VFKHGXOLQJPHWKRGFRQVLGHULQJDGMXVWDEOH+9'&SODQDQGLWVDQDO\VLV Auto Elec. Power Syst.YROQRSS–$XJ

>@ &<LQJYLYDWDQDSRQJ:/HHDQG(/LX0XOWLDUHDSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQ GLVSDWFKLQFRPSHWLWLYHPDUNHWVIEEE Trans. Power Syst.,YROQR SS–)HE

>@ 5 %DOGLFN % + .LP & &KDVH DQG < /XRĀ$ IDVW GLVWULEXWHG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIRSWLPDOSRZHUIORZāIEEE Trans. on Power Syst.

YROQRSS̢$XJ

>@ %+.LPDQG5%DOGLFN&RDUVHJUDLQHGGLVWULEXWHGRSWLPDOSRZHU IORZ IEEE Trans. Power Syst.YROQRSS–0D\

>@ $ $KPDGLKhatir, A. J Conejo, and R. Cherkaoui, “MultiDUHD XQLW scheduling and reserve allocation under wind power uncertainty,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.YROQRSS–-XO

>@ $$KPDGLKhatir, A. J Conejo, and R. Cherkaoui, “MultiDUHDHQHUJ\

and reserve dispatch under wind uncertainty and equipment failures,”

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.YROQRSS–1RY

>@ <:HQ&*XR-*XR60DDQG4+H&RRUGLQDWHGGHFHQWUDOL]HG ULVNEDVHG GLVSDWFK RI PXOWLDUHD LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU V\VWHPV Proceedings CHN Soci Electr Engineering.YROQRSS–

-XO\

>@$.DUJDULDQ)<RQJDQG=/L'LVWULEXWHGVHFXULW\FRQVWUDLQHGXQLW FRPPLWPHQW IRU ODUJHVFDOH SRZHU V\VWHPV ,((( 7UDQV RQ 3RZHU 6\VWIEEE Power& Energy Society General MeetingSSSS

>@+ 3 :,//,$06 0RGHO EXLOGLQJ LQ PDWKHPDWLFDO SURJUDPPLQJ

&KLFKHVWHU8.-RKQ:LOH\ 6RQV/WG

>@67RVVHUDPV/)3(WPDQ3<3DSDODPEURVDQG-(5RRGD$Q DXJPHQWHG /DJUDQJLDQ UHOD[DWLRQ IRU DQDO\WLFDO WDUJHW FDVFDGLQJ XVLQJ WKH DOWHUQDWLQJ GLUHFWLRQV PHWKRG RI PXOWLSOLHUVStruct. Multidisc Optim.YROQRSS–0DU

>@)<RQJ06KDKLGHKSRXUDQG=/L, “AC contingency dispatch based RQ VHFXULW\constrained unit commitment,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

YROQRSS–0D\

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

([HUFLVH FRPPXQLW\ KDV EHHQ D WUHQG LQ UHFHQW \HDUV DQG EHFDPH RQH RI PDQ\ ZD\V IRU SHRSOH WR IXOILOO WKHLU QHHG WR H[HUFLVH 2QH RI WKH H[HUFLVH FRPPXQLWLHV LQ ,QGRQHVLD LV

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-0-.-, - Buatlah chiper dengan menggunakan tabel ROT13 dari plaintext berikut : Seorang penyerang bisa

Abstract 7KH DUWLFOH IRFXVHV RQ %KDUDWKL\DU¶V SRUWUD\DO RI D QRYHO ZRPDQ LQ RQH RI WKH VKRUW VWRULHV RI WKPeravai Kathaigal7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKLVUHYLHZLVWRLGHQWLI\

1 Trung tam Bao trg xa hpi IV Ba Vi, Ha Npi; 2 Trung tam Cham soc ngugi cao tu6i Thign Diic Tu Liem, Ha Npi; 3 Trung tam Bao tra xa hpi Da Ning; 4 Trung tam Nuoi duang va cung cip dich