هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد یزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ ی
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و
ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ هوﺮﮔ
نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﮫﺟرد ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد یاﺮﺑ ﮫﻣﺎﻧ
ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ی
ﮫﺘﺷر رد ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﮭﻣ ی
ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﺘﻧژ و یژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮﯿﺑ
:ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ
ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ یﺎھ )
Portulaca
oleracea L.
( ناﺮﯾا رد
ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﺎﻤﻨھار
:
ﯽﻨﯾﺪﻟا ﺐﺤﻣ یﺪﮭﻣ ﺮﺘﮐد -
نﺎﯿﻣﺎﻨﮭﺑ یﺪﮭﻣ ﺮﺘﮐد
دﺎﺘﺳا روﺎﺸﻣ
:
نﺎﺘﺳژد ارﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﮐد
:ﺮﮕﺸھوﮋﭘ
یﺮﺻﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺧ نﺎﻤﯾا
ﻤﮭﺑ ﻦ 1394 -
مﺎﻧ ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
یﺮﺻﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺧ : مﺎﻧ
نﺎﻤﯾا :
ناﻮﻨﻋ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ
ﮫﻣﺎﻧ : ﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هدﻮــﺗ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ع
ﯽﻣﻮــﺑ یﺎــھ
ﮫﻓﺮﺧ )
Portulaca oleracea L.
( ناﺮﯾا رد
ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﺎﻤﻨھار
: ﯽﻨﯾﺪﻟا ﺐﺤﻣ یﺪﮭﻣ ﺮﺘﮐد –
یﺪــﮭﻣ ﺮــﺘﮐد
نﺎﯿﻣﺎﻨﮭﺑ دﺎﺘﺳا وﺎﺸﻣ
ﺘﮐد :ر ﺮ
نﺎﺘﺳژد ارﺎﺳ
ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ
ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ:ﯽ
ﮫﺘﺷر ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ :
ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﺘﻧژو یژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮﯿﺑ :
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻖــﻘﺤﻣ:
ﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻲ
هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد یزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ :
و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ
:عﺎــﻓد
28 11/ 1394/ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺤﻔﺻ 79 :تﺎ
هﺪــﯿﻜﭼ
ﮫــﻓﺮﺧ : )
Portulaca oleracea L.
هداﻮﻧﺎــﺧ ﮫــﺑ ﻖــﻠﻌﺘﻣ (
Portulacaceae
ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎھ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ یرﺎﯿﺴﺑ یﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ و
ﺎﮕﻣا صﻮﺼﺧ ﮫﺑ بﺮﭼ یﺎھﺪﯿﺳا 3
ﯽﻨﻏ و هدﻮﺑ ﯽھﺎﯿﮔ ﮫﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ
ﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ یرﻮﺷ ﮫ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ و ﯽﻣ
ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ رد ﮫــﮐ
ر ﺎھرﻮــﺸﮐ زا یرﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﯽــﻣ ﺪــﺷ
ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﮫﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪﻨﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺖﮭﺟ ﻢﮭﻣ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ءﺰﺟ
ﻟاو ﺮﺘﮭﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا یاﺮﺑ نﺎھﺎﯿﮔ حﻼﺻا رد ﮫــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﻦﯾﺪ
ﯽــﻣ تﻻﻮــﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﺣﻼــﺻا .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
عﻮــﻨﺗ یﻮــﮕﻟا ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎــﺑ
ﮏــﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا دﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ ﺪــﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﻟﻮــﮑﻟﻮﻣ یﺎــھ
راﺮــﻗ ﺶﯾﺎــﻣزآ درﻮــﻣ ار ﮫﯿــﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺑ ﻢﯿھاﻮﺧ ردﺎﻗ ﮫــﻧﻮﮔ رد ﯽﮑﯾژﻮــﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ عﻮــﻨﺗ ﮫﮐ ﻢﯿھد ﻞﮑــﺷ ﺪــﻨﭼ یﺎــھ
ﻮﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ یﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﮫــﮑﻨﯾا ﮫﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،دراد ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ع
ﺄﺘﻣ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ زا ﺮﺛ یﺎــھﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ
ﯽــﻨﺘﺒﻣ یﺎھﺮﮐرﺎﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد عﻮﻨﺗ ﺮﺑ و طﺎــﺒﺗرا ﺺﯿﺨــﺸﺗ یاﺮــﺑ ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ و ﻊﯾﺮﺳ شور ﮏﯾ PCR
ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ نﺎﯿﻣ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺎھ
ﺖﺳا . ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا رد عﻮﻨﺗ
ﯽــﮑﯿﺘﻧژ
و ﻂﺑاور 20 نﺎﯿﻣ
ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ ﺎﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا زا
ﺮﮕﻧﺎــﺸﻧ
ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ و ISSR
ﯽﻓدﺎــﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎــﮐ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد رد
ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد درﻮﻣ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ راﺮﻗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺞﯾﺎــﺘﻧ
ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا
ﺗ ﮫﯾﺰﺠ ﮫﺷﻮﺧ
يا ﺮﺑ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ
داد
ﮫﮐ ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ يﺎھ
درﻮﻣ ﮫﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
9رد هوﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
ﯽﻣ ﺪــﻧﺮﯿﮔ .
هداد
ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ یﺎھ ﻢﺳﻼﭘ مرژ نﺎﯿﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﮭﺟ
ﻤﺟ یﺎھ ﻊ
ژ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ و هﺪﺷ یروآ ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧ
درﻮــﻣ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ یﺎھ
ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
25 زا ﺮﮔزﺎــﻏآ هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا
رد هﺪــﺷ
ﻤﺠﻣ 92 عﻮ
ﮫﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ 62
.ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﮑــﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ
نﻮﻧﺎﺷ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﮫﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ 55
0/ دروآﺮﺑ
مرژ رد ﯽــﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ یﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﮫﮐ ﺪﺷ رﺎﮑــﺷآ ار ﻢــﺳﻼﭘ
دﺮﮐ . ﻞﻟآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎھ
ی ﻞﻟآ ،هﺪﺷ هﺪھﺎﺸﻣ ﺎھ
ی ،ﺮﺛﻮــﻣ
ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯾ تﺎ ﻠﮑــﺷ ﺪــﻨﭼ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﯽ
ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ و ﺗﺮﺗ ﮫــﺑ Nei
ـ ـﯿ 2 ﺐ ،
65 1/ 37 ، 0/ 37 و 0/ .دﻮﺑ ﮫــﺷﻮﺧ ﮫﯾﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ماﺮﮔورﺪﻧد
ﻢﺘﯾرﻮــﮕﻟا شور و ﮫﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ یا
UPGMA
ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ار ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ یﺎھ
ــﻣ نﺎــﺸﻧ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮ
و داد 20
رد ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ 6
.ﺪــﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮــﻗ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿــﺑ
تﺎﻔــﺻ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ و
هداد يﺎھ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻠﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤھ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يراد هﺪھﺎﺸﻣ
ﻧ .ﺪﺸ
ﺪﯿﻠﻛ او
هژ ﺎھ : ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ،
ﻢﺳﻼﭘ مرژ ،
،ﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ
ISSR
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﮭﻓ
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ و هرﺎﻤﺷ ﮫﺤﻔﺻ
ﺶھوﮋﭘ تﺎﯿﻠﮐ :لوا ﻞﺼﻓ
1 1- - و ﮫﻣﺪﻘﻣ
...فﺪھ ...
...
...
2 1 2- - ...تﺎﯿﻠﮐ ...
...
...
5
1 2- 1- - ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ رﺎﺗ و ﯾ
ﮫﭽﺨ ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ وراد ﯽﯾ
ﺮﺧ ﮫﻓ ...
...
...
...
5
1 2- 2- - و أﺪﺒﻣ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ
ﯽ ﺗ هﺮﯿ
...
...
...
...
..
.
...
. ..
...
...
. ...
6
1 2- 3- - صاﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ
...
.
...
...
. ....
..
...
...
6
1 2- 4- - ﮫﻓﺮﺧ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻤﺳ تاﺮﺛا
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
9
1 3- - ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ
...
. ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
9
1 4- - ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﺘﯿﻓ
...
...
...
...
...
....
....
...
...
10
1 5- - رﺮﺑ ﯿﺳ ﯽﺳ ﮑﯿﺘﻧژﻮﺘ
ﯽ
...
..
...
..
...
. ...
...
...
..
...
...
...
11
1 6- - ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
11..
1 7- - نﺎھﺎﯿﮔ حﻼﺻا رد ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
...
...
...
...
. ....
...
...
13
1 7- 1- - ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ...RAPD
...
...
...
15
1 7- 2- - ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ AFLP
...
...
...
...
. ...
16
1 7- 3- - ﺎﻣ ﺰﯾر هراﻮھ
ﺎھ SSR) (
...
...
...
...
...
16
1 7- 4- - ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ...ISSR ...
...
...
...
...
18
1 8- - ﺶھوﮋﭘ فاﺪھا
...
...
...
...
...
19
:مود ﻞﺼﻓ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
2 1- - ﺶھوﮋﭘ ﮫﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ
...
...
...
...
21
شور و داﻮﻣ :مﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺎھ
3 1- - ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ یﺎھ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ ﻓﺮﺧ ﯽﯾوراد هﺎﯿﮔ هﺪﺷ یروآ
ﮫ
...
...
31
3 2- - ﮫﻓﺮﺧ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
...
...
...
...
...
32....
3 3- - ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ه
...
...
...
...
...
...
33
3 3- 1- - هزاﺪﻧا ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ یﺮﯿﮔ
...
...
..
...
...
...
34
3 3- 2- - هزاﺪﻧا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ﺪﺻرد یﺮﯿﮔ
TSS) (
...
...
34
آ
3 3- 3- - هزاﺪﻧا گﺮﺑ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ یﺮﯿﮔ
...
...
...
...
...
...
35
3 4- - ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ يﺎھ
...
...
...
...
...
...
35
3 4- 1- - جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا یاﺮﺑ ﯽھﺎﯿﮔداﻮﻣ
DNA ...
...
...
...
...
...
35
3 4- 2- - ﮫﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﺮﮐ ردﻮﭘ ھ
ﯽﮔﺮﺑ یﺎ
.. ...
....
...
...
...
...
36
3 4- 3- - جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﮫﯿﮭﺗ
...
...
...
...
...
36
3 4- 4- - جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا DNA
...
...
...
...
....
...
37
3 5- - ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﮫﯿﮭﺗ TBE (10 X)
...
...
...
..
....
...
39
3 6- - زرﺎﮔآ لژ ﮫﯿﮭﺗ
. . ...
...
...
...
...
40
3 7- - لژ ﺎﺑ لژ یﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر در
gel red) (
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
40
3 8- - ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و ﺖﯿﻤﮐ
ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ DNA
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
41
3 9- - یزﺎﺳ ﻖﯿﻗر DNA
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
41
3 10- - هﺮﯿﺠﻧز ﺶﻨﮐاو مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﻠﭘ یا
زاﺮﻣ PCR)
(
...
...
42
3 10- 1- - ﻞﯾﺎﺳو درﻮﻣ
زﺎﯿﻧ یاﺮﺑ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻨﮐاو
PCR
...
. ...
...
42..
3 10- 2- - ﺶﻨﮐاو مﺎﺠﻧا یاﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ PCR
...
. ...
...
42
3 10- 3- - هﺮﯿﺠﻧز ﺶﻨﮐاو ﯽﻠﭘ یا
زاﺮﻣ PCR)
(
...
...
...
ب
...
...
43...
3 11- - لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زرﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا PCR
...
..
...
...
...
45
3 12- - هداد ﮫﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ یﺎھ
...
. . ...
. ...
...
...
...
...
46.
3 13- - هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﮫﯾﺰﺠﺗ یﺎھ
ISSR
...
....
...
...
...
...
46..
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ :مرﺎﮭﭼ ﻞﺼﻓ
4 1- - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ﺎﻘﻣ و ﯾ
ﮫﺴ ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
...
...
47..
4 2- - اﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤھ ﯽ
تﺎﻔﺻ هدﺎﺳ
...
...
...
...
52
4 3- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﮫﺑ ﺎھ
...
...
.
...
.
...
...
...
55
4 4- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ ﮫﺷﻮﺧ ا ی ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﮏﯾ
...
...
...
57
4 5- - ﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﯿ
ﮑ ﯽ ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﺎھ ی ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
ISSR ...
. ...
...
...
59
4 5- 1- - ﻠﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﯽ
ﺘﻧژ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ رد ISSR
..
...
...
...
...
59 4 5- 2- - ﻣ ﯿ ناﺰ ﺘﻧژ ﮫﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﯿ
ﮑ ﯽ هوﺮﮔ و ﺪﻨﺑ
ی ﮫﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎھ
ی درﻮﻣ
ﻣزآ ﺎ ﯾ ﺶ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ISSR
. ...
63
4 5- 3- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ ﮫﺷﻮﺧ ا ی هداد ﺎھ ی ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽ
...
...
...
...
64
4 5- 4- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ ﮫﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﮫﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا یﺎھ
) PCA (
...
...
...
...
...
...
68
4 6- - ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﮫﺴ هداد ﺎھ ی ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ و ﯽ
. ...
...
...
70 4 7- - ﮫﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻠﮐ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽ
. ...
...
...
71
4 8- - ﭘ ﯿ تادﺎﮭﻨﺸ
..
...
...
...
...
71 ﺬﺧﺂﻣ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﮭﻓ ...
...
...
...
72
لوﺪﺟ ﺖﺳﺮﮭﻓ ﺎھ
لوﺪﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ و هرﺎﻤﺷ ﮫﺤﻔﺻ
لوﺪﺟ 1
1- - ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ تﺎﺒ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯽﯾوراد هﺎﯿﮔ رد
...
...
...
...
8
3 لوﺪﺟ 1-
- ﻊﻤﺟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﭗﯿﺗﻮﻧژ یروآ
ﻓﺮﺧ یﺎھ درﻮﻣ ﮫ
ﮫﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
...
...
31
لوﺪﺟ 3
– 2 - هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺎﺳو و ﺎھ
ﯾ ﻞ ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ
زﺎ اﺮﺑ ی جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا DNA
. ...
...
36
لوﺪﺟ 3
3- - درﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ داﻮﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا رد زﺎﯿﻧ
DNA
...
...
37
لوﺪﺟ 3
4- - ﺶﻨﮐاو مﺎﺠﻧا یاﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ PCR
رد
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ISSR
پ
..
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
42
لوﺪﺟ 3
5- - ﺎھﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ ی
ﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﮭﺟ هﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ رﺎﮐ ﮫﺑ ﯾ
ﺶ
...
...
...
...
44
4 لوﺪﺟ – 1 - ﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﮫ راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯾ
ﮑ 20 ﯽ ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
ﻣﻮﺑ ﯽ ا ﯾ ناﺮ
...
...
...
....
...
47
لوﺪﺟ ﮫﻣادا 4
– 1 - ﺠﺗ ﯾﺰ ﮫ راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯾ
ﮑ 20 ﯽ
ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﻣﻮﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯽ
ا ﯾ ناﺮ
...
...
47
4 لوﺪﺟ 2-
- ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﮫﺴ ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ
ﯿ ﺮ ی
ﮔ هﺪﺷ ﯿ
هﺎ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
...
...
50
ﮫﻣادا لوﺪﺟ
4 2- - ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﮫﺴ ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮ
ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ
ﯿ ﺮ ی ﮔ هﺪﺷ ﯿ
هﺎ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
...
51
4 لوﺪﺟ 3-
- اﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤھ ﯽ
ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯾ
ﮏ رد
ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﺎھ ی ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
...
...
53
ﮫﻣادا لوﺪﺟ
4 3- - اﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤھ ﯽ
ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯾ
ﮏ رد
ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﺎھ ی ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
...
...
54
4 لوﺪﺟ 4-
- ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯿ تﺎ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ
ﯿ ﺮ ی هﺪﺷ
...
...
56
4 لوﺪﺟ 5-
- زﺎﻏآ ﺎھﺮﮔ ی هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ISSR
ﺎھ ی ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
هﺪﻣآ . . . ...
...
61..
4 لوﺪﺟ 6-
- ﺎھﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ی
ﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﯿ
ﮑ ﯽ ﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ی
ISSR
...
...
...
...
62
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺖﺳﺮﮭﻓ ﺎھ
ﻞﮑﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ و هرﺎﻤﺷ ﮫﺤﻔﺻ
3 ﻞﮑﺷ 1-
- ا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ یاﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ یزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ ﮫﯿﻟو
ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯽﯾوراد هﺎﯿﮔ ...
...
32
3 ﻞﮑﺷ 2-
- ﯽﮔﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ و ﯽﮔﺮﺑ ود ﮫﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯽﯾوراد هﺎﯿﮔ
(یزﺎﺳ ﮏﻨﺗ) ...
...
33 3 ﻞﮑﺷ 3-
هزاﺪﻧا و لﻮﻃ یﺮﯿﮔ
گﺮﺑ ضﺮﻋ ﺲﯿﻟﻮﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد و
ﻠﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ گﺮﺑ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮ
ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ﺮﺘﻣ
...
35....
3 ﻞﮑﺷ 4-
- ﮫﻠﺣﺮﻣ 8
9 و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا و ﻞﮑﻟا ﺎﺑ ﻮﺷ و ﺖﺴﺷ) DNA
(ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ندﺮﮐ ﮫﻓﺎﺿا ...
39
3 ﻞﮑﺷ 5- - هﺮﯿﺠﻧز ﺶﻨﮐاو ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﻠﭘ یا
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ یاﺮﺑ زاﺮﻣ ISSR
...
. ...
...
45
3 ﻞﮑﺷ 6-
- لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زرﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا PCR
...
...
...
...
ت
...
..
..
...
46
4 ﻞﮑﺷ – 1 – ﯿﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﺐ
یﺎھ
ﻞﯿﺑدرا و نﺎﺟﺮﯿﺳ ،ﺪﮭﺸﻣ ...
49
4 ﻞﮑﺷ 2-
- هوﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺑ ی ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯿ تﺎ ژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﺎھ ی ﻣﻮﺑ ﯽ
ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ ﺮﺿ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﯾ
ﺐ ﮫﺑﺎﺸﺗ ....
...
58
4 ﻞﮑﺷ 3- - ﻮﮕﻟا ی راﻮﻧ ی ISSR ﺜﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯿ
ﺮ ور 20 ی
ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ ﺎﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ
ISSR4 .
...
63.
4 ﻞﮑﺷ – 4 - یﻮﮕﻟا راﻮﻧ
ISSR ی ﺜﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯿ
ﺮ ور 20 ی
ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ ﮔ ﯿ هﺎ ﺎﺑ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ زﺎﻏآ
ISSR33 ﺮﮔ ...
63.
4 ﻞﮑﺷ 5- - هوﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺑ ی ﮫﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎھ
ی سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﮫﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﮫﻓﺮﺧ
ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﯾ ﺲ ﮫﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ISSR ی ...
. ...
. ...
67
4 ﻞﮑﺷ 6- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﮥﯾ یﺪﻌﺑ ود ﺪﻨﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﮫﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
20 ی ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ
ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ..
...
...
...
...
...
68
4 ﻞﮑﺷ 7- - ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﮫ یﺪﻌﺑ ﮫﺳ ﺪﻨﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﮫﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
20 ی ﺗﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﭗ
ﮫﻓﺮﺧ ...
...
...
...
69
ث
:لوا ﻞﺼﻓ
ﺶھوﮋﭘ تﺎﯿﻠﮐ
2
2001 دﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﺳﻼﭘ مرژ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ عﻮﻨﺗ ﮫﻨﯿﻣز رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا .(
ﯽﻣ ﯽھﺎﯿﮔ ﺮھ رد ﮫــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
زا هﺎــﯿﮔ نآ ﯽﺣﻼــﺻا یﺎھ
.دﻮﺷ هدﺮﺑ رﺎﮐ ﮫﺑ ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﮫﻠﻤﺟ
1 7- - نﺎھﺎﯿﮔ حﻼﺻا رد ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
ﻢھ و نﺎھﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺖــﺑاﺮﻗ ﻦﯿــﯿﻌﺗ ﻦﯿــﻨﭼ
نآ ﻦﯿﺑ هداد ،ﯽــﺴﻨﺟ ماﺪــﻧا یژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﮫﺘﺷﺬﮔ رد ﺎھ
ﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﻮﮐا یﺎھ ﯽــﻋارز و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺮــﯿﺧا ﮫــھد ﺪــﻨﭼ رد ﮫــﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ یﺎھ
یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎــــﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ترﻮــــﺻ DNA
زا هدﺎﻔﺘــــﺳا رد .دﺮــــﯿﮔ
لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﮫــﮐ ﺖــﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ضﺮﻓ ﯽھﺎﯿﮔ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد ﺎھ
ﯽﻣ رﺎﮐ ﮫﺑ ﮫﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﮫﭼ ﺮھ و ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺘﺛارو سﺎﺳا ،ﺪﻧور
ارو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺲﮑﻌﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ ﮏﯾ تﻻﺎﺣ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﯽــﺘﺛ
یﻮﻗ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﮏﯿﻧژﻮﻠﯿﻓ و ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ .ﺖــﺳا ﺮﺗ
DNA
ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﮫﻘﺒﻃ فاﺪھا یاﺮﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
رد ار ﯽﻧژﻮﻠﯿﻓ و یﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﻣ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .دراﺬﮔ
ﮫــﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺘﺛارو هدﺎﻣ DNA
ﯽﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﺴﻧ ﮫﺑ ﻞﺴﻧ ﮏﯾ زا ار دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و دﻮﺷ
ﻞﺴﻧ ﮫﺑ نﺎﻣز لﻮﻃ رد ﻣ یﺪﻌﺑ یﺎھ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨ ﻦﯾﺎﺘــﺷﺪﻠﮔ) ﺪﻨﮐ
و 1
،نارﺎــﮑﻤھ 2008
یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎــﺸﻧ .(
یدﺎــﯿﻨﺑ زا ﯽــﮑﯾ DNA
ﻦﯾﺮــﺗ
ﯽــﮑﯿﺘﻧژ و ﯽﻟﻮــﮑﻟﻮﻣ تﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ یاﺮﺑ ﮫﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴھ ﯽﯾﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﮫــﯾﺎﭘ ﺮــﺑ ﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎــﺸﻧ ﻦــﯾا .ﺪــﻧﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﻠﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و مﻮﻧژ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ DNA
یﻮﻘﻧ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
،نارﺎﮑﻤھ و 1392
.(
ﻣ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ عﻮــﻨﺗ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ یاﺮــﺑ یﺪــﯿﻔﻣ راﺰﺑا ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮ
ﯽﻣ نﺎھﺎﯿﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑاور و ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ لﺎــﺳ رد .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
،ﺮــﯿﺧا یﺎھ
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﮫﺑ ﮫﺘﺴﺑاو یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﺖﮭﺟ رد یدﺎﯾز یﺎھ
DNA
ﯽــﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ زا ﺮﺸﺑ کرد دﻮﺒﮭﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
1 - Goldstein
3
قﻮﻓ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺖﻠﻋ ﮫﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ،هدﺎﻌﻟا
ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ مﺪﻋ دﺎــﻤﺘﻋا ﻞــﺑﺎﻗ و ﻊﯾﺮــﺳ ،ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ زا یﺮﯾﺬﭘ
نآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ندﻮﺑ ﺪــﺷر زا ﮫــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮــھ رد ﺎھ
هﮋﯾو ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ زا ،هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ یا
.ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎــﺸﻧ
:ترﻮﺻ ﮫﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ 1 - :ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯾﺮﺒﯿھ ﮫﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
RFLP
2 - ﮫﺑ ﮫﺘﺴﺑاو یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ :ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ PCR
،RAPD
،RFLP
و ISSR
هراﻮھﺎﻣﺰﯾر ﺎھ
SSR) (
3 – ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﮫﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
2SNP
ﮫﻘﺒﻃ ﯽــﻣ یﺪــﻨﺑ
ﮫــﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ زا ﯽﻟﻮــﮑﻟﻮﻣ یﺎھﺮﮕﻧﺎــﺸﻧ ﻦــﯾا ﺮﺜﮐا .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
DNA
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﯽﻣﻮﻧژ ﺎﯾ RFLP
ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﯾ و (SSR
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ PCR DNA
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﯽﻣﻮﻧژ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) شور ود ﺮھ ﺎﯾ و (RAPD
ﻞــﻣﺎﮑﺗ (RFLP
ﮫﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﯽﻨﺷراو) ﺪﻧا
و 3
،نارﺎﮑﻤھ 2007
.(
1 7- 1- - ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
RAPD
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
RAPD4
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﺜﮑﺗ یﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺎــﺠﻧا DNA
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻟاﻮــﺗ زا ﯽھﺎــﮔآ و عﻼــﻃا ﮫــﺑ یزﺎﯿﻧ و دﻮﺷ ﻮــﮕﻟا DNA
دراﺪﻧ .
شور ﺮﯾﺎﺳ فﻼﺧ ﺮﺑ شور ﻦﯾا رد ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ یﺎھ
زا PCR
لﻮﻃ ﮫﺑ دﺮﻔﻨﻣ یﺎھﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ 8
10 ﺎﺗ ﯽﻟاﻮــﺗ ﮫــﮐ ﺪــﯿﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ
نآ ا رﻮﻃ ﮫﺑ ﺎھ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ یرﺎﯿﺘﺧ
ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،دﻮﺷ .ددﺮﮔ
ﻦﯾا
نﺎﮑﻣ زا ﯽﮭﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ار ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﯽﻧژ یﺎھ
ﯽﻣ نآ ﮫﺑ ﮫﮐ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﮫــﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺮــﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﯽﻠﮑــﺷ ﺪــﻨﭼ DNA
RAPD) (
ﯽﻣ ﺰﻣﺎﯿﻠﯾو) ﺪﻨﯾﻮﮔ ،نارﺎﮑﻤھ و 5
1990 .(
2 - Single Nucleotid Polymorphism
3 - Varshney
4 - Random amplified polymorphic DNA
2 - Williams
4
Family name: Khalili Baseri Name:Iman
Title of Thesi: Assessment of genetic diversity of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions in Iran
Supervisor(s): Dr. Mehdi Mohebodini & Dr. Mehdi Behnamian Advisor(s): Dr. Sara Dezhsetan
Graduate Degree: M.Sc.
Major: Horticultural Science
Specialty: Biotechnology and Molecular Genetic of Horticultural Crops
University: Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty: Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Graduation date: 17.02.2016 Number of pages: 79
Abstract: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) belongs to Portulacaceae family, an herb plant which has abounded vitamins and nutrient compounds such as fatty acids, in particular omega-3. Purslane is a highly efficient drought and salinity tolerant plant that grows in hostile environmental conditions in many countries. The study of genetic diversity is a critical component of applied plant breeding for optimizing the choice of parents in a crop breeding program. By investigating the pattern of morphological variation and application of novel molecular biological evidence we are able to test the hypothesis that morphological variation in this polymorphic species corresponds to genetic differences rather than to geographical isolation. Diversity analysis at the molecular level using PCR based markers is the efficient and rapid method of identifying the relationships and differences among the genotypes. In the present study, genetic diversity and relationships among 20 collected genotype purslane accessions were evaluated using morphological characters and ISSR markers in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.
Results of cluster analysis based on morphological traits shown that the studied genotypes classified into 9 groups. The genotyping data were used to understand the relationships among the collected accessions and identify genetically diverse genotype purslane. The 25 primers gave a total of 92 bands, among which 62 were polymorphic (67.4%). The genetic diversity as estimated by Shannon’s information index was 0.55, revealing a quite high level of genetic diversity in the germplasm. The average number of observed allele, effective allele, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Nei’s index were 2, 1.65, 0.37 and 0.37, respectively. Cluster analysis based on similarity coefficient using Unweight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) indicated wide range of diversity across the studied accessions. There is no significant correlation between morphological and molecular traits.
Keywords: genetic diversity, germplasm, primers, ISSR
5
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Department of Horticultural Science
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Sc. in Biotechnology and Molecular Genetic of Horticultural Crops
Title:
Assessment of genetic diversity
of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions in Iran
Supervisor (s):
Mehdi Mohebodini (Ph. D) Mehdi Behnamian (Ph. D)
Advisor (s):
Sara Dezhsetan (Ph. D)
By:
Iman khalili Baseri
February – 2016
