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(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ

2ﺎﺨﺳﺎﺑ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ / ¹ﺐﺴﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺪّﻴﺳ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻭ ؛ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 6 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ،ﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲــﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ .ﺩﻮﺑ (ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ) ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ - ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ - ^(DEA) ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲــﺸﺷﻮﭘ .ﺩ ﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ 2005 ﺎﺗ 2000ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ 24 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ءﻮﺳ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ،گﺮﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ 0/31 ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻡﻮــﺳ ﻚﻳ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ :ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 88/3/26 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 88/2/18 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 87/10/2 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

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(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ؛ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 3-4 ﺎﻫ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻗﺭ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ [1].ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪــﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲــﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮــﺧﺮﺑ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺮﻄﻗ :ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ) ،ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮔ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻱﺰﻟﺎﻣ ،ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻮﻳﺪﻟﺎﻣ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺮﻋ ،ﻮﮔﻮﺗ ،ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ،ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ،ﺶﻛﺍﺮﻣ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺰﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ (ﺮﺠﻴﻧ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ،ﻦﻤﻳ ،ﻚﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ (ﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻧﻭﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺮﻣ ﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻜﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﻏ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻴﻣﺍﺪﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻳ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﺪــﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮕﺘــﺳﺎﻴﺳ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎــﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻲــﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ًﺎــﺒﻟﺎﻏ) ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪــﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ

.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ (ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ًﺎﻤﺘﺣ ،ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪــﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ؛ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ [2،3].ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﺑ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﺘــﺳ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﺘــﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖــﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲــﺷﻭﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ .ﺪــﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﻧ (DEA: Data Envelopment Analysis) ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎــﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲــﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎــﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲــﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﺘــﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑﺎــﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ،ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻜﻳ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪــﺑ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ «ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺒﺟ» ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺎﻳ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﻳ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﺒــﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺎﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺯﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﺭﺩ [4].ﺪﻨﻧﺎــﺳﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ 24

(3)

(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛﺮﻫ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ،ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻉﻮــﻧ ﻭﺩ ،ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲــﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻚــﺷﺰﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ) ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ؛ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﻳ ﻭ (ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻝﺪﻣ ﻢﻫﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ،ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻞﻜــﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻤﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

PPP:Purchasing Power) ﺪﻳﺮﺧ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،^(Parity ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﻳﺩﺮﮔ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،[2،5-11] ﻥﺁ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ

IMR:) ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺮــﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺥﺮــﻧ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺥﺮــﻧ ،(Infant Mortality Rate

ﺥﺮﻧ ،ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ (UM: Under 5 Mortality Rate) ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ (CDR: Crude Death Rate) ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺧ ءﻮــﺳ ﻉﻮﻴــﺷ ،(RF: Total Fertility Rate) ﻞﻛ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ ﻭ (UN: Undernourishment Prevalence) ﻪــﻳﺬﻐﺗ .(LE: Life Expectancy) ﻲــﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ [12]ﻲﻣﻼــﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ 2007 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ

ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺬﺧﺍ [11]

ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ 24 ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ DEA Master 1.0

.ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ،ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ،ﺖﻔﻧ ﺭﺎــﺷﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪــﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺮــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲــﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ) ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ (ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺲﻤﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱﺮﻣﺍ ،ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴــﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﺓﺯﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ،ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ،ﻲﻠﻛ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ 1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ 24 ﻪﻟﺎﺳ 6 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎــﻴﺑ ﻲﻣﻼــﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻮــﺳ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ (ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ

(4)

(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

(ﺭﻻﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ) 2005 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﺸﻛﻞﻛ ﻪﺒﺗﺭﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ (A&P)

ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ

:ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ

ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ CDRFRIIMLEUMUN ﺮﻄﻗ23100/214ﻭ30/210/210/210/210/210/16*0/213914832 ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﺍ1430/5130/510/510/510/510/510/38*0/5126511828 ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ2290/241ﻭ30/240/240/240/240/240/19*0/2*2476586 ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ2180/273ﻭ10/270/270/270/270/270/21*0/23*2138585 ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺮﻋ1850/3430/340/340/340/340/340/3*0/341935664 ﻮﻳﺪﻟﺎﻣ24110/22ﻭ5ﻭ30/20/20/19*0/18*0/20/19*0/21799360 ﻥﺎﻤﻋ1220/5930/590/590/590/590/590/44*0/5915011329 ﺲﻧﻮﺗ1540/51ﻭ30/50/50/50/50/50/4*0/45*1464734 ﻱﺰﻟﺎﻣ1010/6730/670/670/670/670/670/560/6714321329 ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ2070/311ﻭ30/30*0/310/310/310/310/29*0/26*1403435 ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮔ1960/324ﻭ30/320/320/320/320/32/31*0/321033333 ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ17130/481ﻭ4ﻭ30/45*0/480/480/480/480/45*0/42*869414 ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺰﻗ11100/654ﻭ30/650/60*0/650/650/650/650/65751372 ﺶﻛﺍﺮﻣ16120/491ﻭ2ﻭ5ﻭ4ﻭ30/490/490/48*0/490/490/48*0/49731359 ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ660/864ﻭ30/860/69*0/860/860/860/860/84*401344 ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ11(1/36)1-1111110/95358358 ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ33(1/3)1-1111111332332 ﻮﮔﻮﺗ13110/5640/560/560/55*0/560/560/54*0/56303168 ﻲﻟﺎﻣ990/751ﻭ50/750/750/55*0/750/750/750/72*226170 ﻲﻧﺎﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣ770/811ﻭ4ﻭ30/810/810/810/810/78*0/78*0/62*215219 ﻚﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ880/761ﻭ40/760/75*0/70*0/760/760/760/76192179 ﻦﻤﻳ55(1,1)1-110/98*1111171171 ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ44(1,28)1-1111111168168 ﺮﺠﻴﻧ22(1,34)1-1111111116116

(5)

(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻤﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ،ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ،ﺮﺠﻴﻧ ،ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﺳﺮﺘﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ) ﻲﺒــﺴﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ،[11]

ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ (ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ (1/36) ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ (ﻢﺠﻨﭘ) ﺮﺧﺁ ﻪﺒﺗﺭﺭﺩ (1/1) ﺎﺑ ﻦﻤﻳ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪــﺒﺗﺭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺮﻄﻗ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ،ﻪــﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻛ ،ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎــﺷﺍ ﻮــﻳﺪﻟﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎــﻴﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢــﻏﺭ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻲﺒــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲــﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ،ﻲــﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ .ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ^DEA ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﻮــﺤﻣ ﺖﻴــﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛﺮﻫ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﺍﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻢﺸﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ ،1 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ؛ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ^(CDR) ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺧ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻲــﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ^(FR) ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻴــﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘــﺴﻗﺍﺰﻗ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ

.ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ،ﻦﻤﻳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ^(I) ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﻨﻴﺴﻛﺍﻭ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴــﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻮﻳﺪﻟﺎﻣ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺶﻛﺍﺮﻣ ،ﻮﮔﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ،ﻚــﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻤﻳ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻡﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻉﻮــﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺰﻨﺗ ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺷﻮﭘ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ^(LE) ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ ﻭ ^(IM) ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻮﻳﺪﻟﺎﻣ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻮــﺸﻛ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﻴــﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺯﺍ ^(UM) ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺥﺮﻧ ،ﻕﻮﻓ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ،ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮــﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺮــﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ^(UN) ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ءﻮــﺳ ﺵﺮﺘــﺴﮔ ،ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ءﻮﺳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻪــﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﺕﺎﻤﻄﻟ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .ﺩﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ءﻮــﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ءﻮــﺳ ﻉﻮﻴــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮــﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﻡﺎــﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﺖﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮــﻛﺬﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ

(6)

(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،(ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ) ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻦــﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ) ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻳﺍﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ (ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻨﻴــﺴﻛﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺘــﺳﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻲﻳﺰﻟﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺠﻴﻧ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺨﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻝﺰﻨﺗ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻩﺩﺯﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻻﺩ 435 ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮــﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪــﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ؛ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ،ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲــﻤﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ،ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ گﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺧ ﺥﺮــﻧ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮــﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗءﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 5 ﺮﻳﺯ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻴــﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻴﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲــﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮــﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ^DEA ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ،ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ًﻼﺜﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺰﻴﻗﺮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺶــﻘﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ

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(36) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

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Health Administration 2009; 12 (36) Hoseini Nasab E.¹ / Basakha M.²

Abstract

Introduction: Government Healthcare expenditure in many countries reaches to 6 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Efficiency of these expenditures is very important, and any change in this expenditure have notable effects on economic variables. Present study was aimed to estimate the efficiency of Iran government healthcare expenditures among some Islamic countries.

Methods: We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measuring efficiency of health sector in 24 Islamic countries in period 2000-05. This method takes data on countries outputs and inputs, and measures the efficiency of a particular country by its distance from the ‘outer envelope’ of the data.

Estimated efficiency score shows country’s efficiencies in expenditure transmuting to good health indicators.

Results: Our findings shows that Standardized Death rate, Under Five Year Mortality rate, and Un- dernourishment Prevalence is main causes of Iranian health sector’s deficiency. Estimated overall efficiency for Iranian health sector is 0.31 that point very low efficiency among other Islamic countries.

Conclusion: Efficient health expenditure size for Iran is one third of current spending. DEA method specify full efficient units and denote for each country one or more references to improve its efficiency.

To improve Iran healthcare expenditures we suggest Kyrgyzstan and Indonesia model.

Keywords: Health Expenditure, Efﬁciency, Data Envelopment Analysis

Assistant Professor of Economics Department, Humanities Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University 1.