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(38) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ 1386 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ

2ﻩﺩﻮﺘﺳ ﻩﺪﻴﻌﺳ / ¹ﻲﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺍ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

.ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 150 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ - ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻝﺍﻮﺳ 55 ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ 1386 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ (ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ) ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺕﻻﺍﺆــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ .ﺪــﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ 11 ﻪﺨﺴﻧ SPSS ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 50 ،20-30 ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 20.7 ،ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺯ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 54.7 :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦــﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺎــﺳ 50 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 2.7 ﻭ 50-41 ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 26.7 ،31-40 16.33 ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 17.35 ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 66.32 .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎــﺳ 37.7±7.2 ،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 39.75 ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻧﻮﻨﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95 ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻖﺒﻃ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 25.84 ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 34.41 ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ (^P=0.001) .ﺪﻣﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎــﺷ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﺎﻔﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ :ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 88/8/12 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 88/5/17 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 87/12/17 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

([email protected]) ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ؛ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﺭﻮﭘﺎﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺟ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ .1

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(38) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ (Capital Return) "ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ" ﻥﺁ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻫﺮﻣ ،ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺎﮔﺁ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺷﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ [1] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ

"ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ" ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪــﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﻭﺮــﻣﺍ

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ (Competitive advantage) ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻭ [2] ﺩﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ [3] .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﻮﻗ ﻭ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ [4] .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻬﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺭﺩﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺃﻮﺗ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻔﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﭘ ﺞﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻳﺪﻫﺎــﺷ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖــﺸﮔ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺡﺮــﻃ ﻭ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍﺮﺗﻻﺍﻭ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ...

ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ [5] .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭﺭ ﻪﺑﻭﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺋﺎــﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﻴﺣ «ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘــﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ «ﻲﻠﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ» ﺎﻳ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻪﻠــﺴﻠﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ [6] .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ» ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ «ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﺤﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻗﺎﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ [7] .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ

ﻞﺻﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺖــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧﺍﺪﺟ [8] .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ،ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻃ (ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ) ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮــﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ [9] .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮــﻬﺑ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ،ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ،ﺵﻼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻑﺪــﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ [10] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲــﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ - ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮــﻔﻧ 178 ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ،ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧﺍﺪﻧﺩ ،ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲــﺸﺨﺒﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻥﺎــﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮــﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﺘﻣﺪﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤــﺷﺮﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 10 ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪــﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 7 ،(ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 37ﻭ (ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ (ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ) ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻭ (ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺎﺑ - ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪــﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺕﻻﺍﺆــﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 86 ﻪﺑ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ

(3)

(38) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺎﺗ ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻞــﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ ﺎــﺗ ﺮــﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺩﻮﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ150 ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ^SPSS .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻝﻮﻤﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺯ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 54.7 ﻥﺁ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 50) ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺎــﺳ 31-40 ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﻮﺑ 37.7±7.2 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪــﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 75.3) 10.7 ،ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 24.7 ،ﻢــﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 3.3 ﻙﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 61.3 ﻭ ﻢــﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 41.3) ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ 10-20 ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ 12.9±7.2 ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 19.3 ،ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 42.7 ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 38 ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 66 ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 1.3 ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 32.7 ،ﻲﻤﺳﺭ 53.3 ﻲﺘﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺘﺳﺭ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﺤﻳﻻ ﺡﺮﻃ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 33.3 ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﺭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 0.7 ﻭ ﻲــﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 12.7 ﻭ ﺭﺎﺑ 4 ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 62 .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ءﺎﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻘﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 49.3 ﺭﺩ ﻖﻳﻮــﺸﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻳﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 39.74 ،ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 4.88 ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 25.84 ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 13.22 ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ .(2ﻭ 1ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ) ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 66.32 ،ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪــﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ "ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ"

ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ :1 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ :2 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

(4)

(38) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ) ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 16.33 ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 17.35 ،(ﺪــﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ "ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ"

،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 39.75 ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎــﺟ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 25.84 ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 34.41 .(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ 95 ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖــﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ (^P=0.000) ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﺠﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ .(^P=0.001) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 86.65 ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻭ 75 .ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺺﻗﺍﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺒﺘــﺷﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 93.7 ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﻛﺬﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺺﻗﺍﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻜــﺷﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺳ) ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 36.84 (ﺭﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 33.44 ﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ «ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ» ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 82.98 ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻥﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ " ﻪﻛ ﻝﺍﺆــﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ 19.1 "ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ

30.4 ﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 21.1 ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ" ﻪﻛ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒــﺴﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،"ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 24 ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 26.7 ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 18.7 ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 10 ﻭ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 20.7 ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 32.7 ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮــﻓ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺶــﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲــﻨﻓ ﻱﺎــﻫﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 43.4 ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ 69.32 ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺟﺎﻗﺁ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 40 ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲــﺳﺎﭙﺳﺮﻴﻣ [3] .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱﺮﻣﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺶﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻞﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95" :ﺪــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ [11] ".ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨــﺸﺗ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻚﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻛ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻛ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺪــﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ [3] .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ (ﺭﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻟﺎﺳ) ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﻭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 70.28 ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻧ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ :ﺪــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 57.7) ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲــﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ [12] .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ

ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ

(ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ) ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺑ

(ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ) ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ

(ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻭ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ)

ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ 66.32

16.33 17.35

ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ 34.41

25.84 39.75

(5)

(38) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺮــﮔﺍ ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻠﻴﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮــﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﻮــﻣﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ «ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ» ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 82.98 34.3 ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻃ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺤﻣ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﻢﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 4 ،ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 14.3 ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 44 ،ﺩﺎــﻳﺯ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ 3.3 ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 26.8 [13] ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 13.8 ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 39.75 ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ (ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ) ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻳﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﻔﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪــﻳﺩ ﺍﺭ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ" :ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻃ ﻢﻫ ﻱﻮﻘﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ".ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ 40.2 ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ [14]

ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻻﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ 71.2 ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﻭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻠﻓ [12] .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮــﺛﺍ ﻞﻳﻻﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺰــﻴﻧ [16] ﺮــﻜﻨﺠﻧﻻ ﻭ [15]

ﻭ ﻱﺮﮕﻧ ﺲﭘﺍﻭ ﺩﺮــﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺮــﺑ ﺪــﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 45.4 ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ .ﺪــﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﻭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻦــﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 64 ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻭﺪــﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ [12] .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜــﻤﻫ

ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 32.7 ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺰــﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 48.5" :ﺪــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻱﻭﺎﻀﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ [17] ".ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻱﺎــﻫﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 82 ﻪــﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ [18] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 13.35 ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻃ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﻭﺎﻀﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﺸﻧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 12.1 ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ [17] .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 380 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻚــﻳ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ [19] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻚﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎــﺷ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮــﮕﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ،ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﺎﻔﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺎــﺳﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲــﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺍﺭﻮــﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﻴــﺳﻮﻨﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ،ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺎﺳﺅﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ

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Journal of Health Administration 2010; 12 (38)

Medical Sciences in 2007, Iran

Torabi A.² / Setodeh S.¹

Introduction: Performance evaluation is a systematic analysis of individual activity corresponding to their aims and duties. This research aimed to determine attitude about annual performance evaluation between employees in the Faculties affiliated to Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: In this Descriptive and cross-sectional study, we analyzed 150 personnel view that had been evaluated at least one time in their service duration by direct manager. Questionnaire including 55 questions were completed and census methods were used, too. Answers to questions about view based on Likert Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 software using analytic-descriptive tests.

Results: 54.7 percents of participants were women and others were men. 20.7 percent were among 31- 40, 50 percent among 31-40, 26.7 percent among 41-50 years old and 2.7 percent were upper than 50 year.

Mean and Standard Deviation of age were 37.7±7.2. 66.32 percent of people admit that implementation of evaluation is essential, 17.35 percent had negative attitude and 16.33 percent had neutral attitude.

Whereas 39.75 percent of people had negative attitude, 34.41 percent had positive attitude and 25.84 percent had neutral attitude about the method of current implementation of performance Evaluation.

Significant difference (PValue=0.001, CI=95%) was found between attitude of current implementation of evaluation and necessity of implementation of appraisal using χ² test.

Conclusion: Performance evaluation is a way to individual development of personnel, so having a bad view about appraisal can negatively affect the organization's outcome, therefore a change recommended to the current evaluation method of personnel.

Keywords:Evaluation, personnel, Performance, Faculty, Ahvaz University

Instructor of Health Services Management Department, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Corresponding 1.

Author ([email protected])

B.Sc. of Health Services Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2.

Abstract