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ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ

3ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺁ ﻲﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺍﺮﻫﺯ ،²ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،¹ﻱﺭﻮﻔﻏﺮﻴﻣ ﻪﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﺒﺣﺪﻴﺳ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻭ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ؛ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ -ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺶﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ^SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 2.85ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ -ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ 3.14 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ (^P=0.407) ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ،(^P=0.916) ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 3.14 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪــﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ (^P=0.601) .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ 2.59 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺰــﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ :ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ :ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 88/12/18 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 88/10/29 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 88/4/29 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮــﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎــﻣﺪﺧ ،ﻩﺯﻭﺮــﻣﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻤــﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ [1] .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻊــﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻦــﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ [2] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻙﺭﺩ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺚــﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ءﺰــﺟ ﻪــﺳ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻊﻠﺿ ﺚﻠﺜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﺮﺧ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺎــﺳ ﻱ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ،ﻡﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺍﻮــﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎــﻋ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﻮــﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎــﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ [3] .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻖﻳﺎﻘﺣ ،ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪــﻛ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ،ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻞــﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺎﻳ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻦﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻪﻛ [4] .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮــﻴﻏ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺮــﻛﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻜﻓ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ [5] .ﺪﻨﺷﻮﻜﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ،ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴــﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻝﺪﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺎﻜــﺷﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ [6].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻤﺿ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤــﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﺣﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻲــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻨﻤﺿ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲــﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ،ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺱﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮــﺷﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎــﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﻜــﺷﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲــﺷﻼﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻭ ءﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ [7] .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ [8] .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ [9] .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻜــﺷﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻤﺿ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ 1 .

(ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ،ﺩﺮﻓ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻒــﺸﻛ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺪــﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ 2 .

...ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺪــﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ (ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺔﺧﺮﭼ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ) ﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺔﺧﺮﭼ ﺩﺎــﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪــﺑ 1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻲــﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺔﺘﻜﻧ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ

(3)

ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ "ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ"

ﻥﺎﺣﺍﺮﻃ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺩﺭﺎﻬﻣﺭ ﻭ ﺏﻭﺭ ،ﺖﺴﺑﻭﺮﭘ ﻱ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻣ ،ءﺰﺟ ﺖﺸﻫ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺩ [12] .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻜﻴﺳ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ :ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻜﻴﺳ • .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ :ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻞﻜﻴــﺳ • ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﻜﻴــﺳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪــﻨﻨﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺪــﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ [17] .ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻖﻠﺧ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﻨﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮــﺧ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮــﺑ

ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜــﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺴﻛ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺎﺒﻗﺭ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻲﻌﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺔﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ،ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺵﺮﺘــﺴﮔ ﺩﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ،ﺪــﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ،ﺕﻻﻮــﺼﺤﻣ ،ﺎــﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻲــﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎــﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ .ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﻧﺍﻮﻣ ،ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﻩﺮــﻴﺧﺫ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪــﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺩﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺪــﻣﺁﺯﻭﺭ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ

Wiig, (1997) (10) ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻖﻠﺧ

Davenport & Prusak , (1998) (7) ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

Chauvel & Despres, (1999) (11) ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ،ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ،ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ

Probst, Raub & Romhard, (1999) (12) ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

Leinder& Alavi, (2001) (13) ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ،ﻖﻠﺧ

Aspinwall & Wong (2004 ) (14) ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﺐﺴﻛ

Jashapara, (2004) (15) ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ،ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﺐﺴﻛ

Rao, (2005) (16) ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ ،ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺪﻛ ،ﻖﻠﺧ

(4)

ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ [18].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮــﻫ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪــﻛ ﺎــﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﭘ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ :ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪــﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :1 ﻱ ﻪــﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪــﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 1-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 2-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪــﻬﮕﻧ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 3-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 4-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 5-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻲــﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ : 6-1 • .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪــﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎــﻌﺑﺍ ﻦــﻴﺑ :2 ﻱ ﻪــﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ -ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺮــﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ 1387 ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲــﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

.ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺎــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺩﺎــﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻱ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ 5 ﻒﻴﻃ ﻱ ﻪﻳﺎﭘﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 47 ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ،ﺶﺨﺑ 6 ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ :4 ،ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ :3 ،ﻢﻛ :2 ،ﻢﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ :1) ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﺪﻌُﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺶﺨﺑ 6 .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ :5 ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 11 ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ،ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 6 ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 6 ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻝﺍﺆــﺳ 11 ﺎﺑ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 6 ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 7 ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲــﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲــﭘ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﻴــﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ 7 ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ [19] .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺰﻳ

2 2 2 2

2 2 2

. ) 1 .(

. .

x x

Z N

Z n N

+

= −

ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗ 285 ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ 265 ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 5 243 ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ 85.26 ﻲﺘــﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ) ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ 0.7 ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ،ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﺶــﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ 0.797 ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ^SPSS ﻱﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻭ ﻚﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻣﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،(Test value=3) ﻥﺁ ﻪــﻧﺎﮔ ﺶــﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ

(5)

ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ (^ANOVA) ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ (^Tukey) ﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 69.5 ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 35.4 .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻪــﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺯ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 56.8 ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ 30 ﺎﺗ 26 ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻨــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 55.6 .ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 24.7 ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻝﺎﺳ 6 ﺎﺗ 4 ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺺﺧﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻭ 1 ﻱ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪــﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ،ﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪــﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ (Test value=3) ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻑﻼﺧ ﻚﻳ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺽﺮﻓ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 5 ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ 2 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺰﻳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ .(2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ 2 ﻱ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﻌُﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ 3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 5 ﻱﺎﻄﺧ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ Test value = 3

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95 ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ (t)ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ

Pvalue ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

(U) ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺣ (L) ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﺣ

1 ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ 2.8543

0.1050- 0.1864-

7.051- 0

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﺭ

1-1 ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ 2.8432

0.0953- 0.2182-

5.024- 0

1-2 ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ

2.9682 0.0198-

0.0835- 1.213-

0.226 ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﺭ

1-3 ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ 2.8866

0.0572- 0.1695-

3.976- 0

1-4 ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ

2.5968 0.3413-

0.4651- 12.822-

0 ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﺭ

1-5 ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ

3.1449 0.2091

0.0807 4.446

0 ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ

1-6 ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ

2.6862 0.2502-

0.3774- 9.725-

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ F

Pvalue ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

2 41.636

(6)

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮــﻓ ،ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻑﻼﺧ ﻚﻳ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ 1 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ 4 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،(^P=0.916) ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ (^P=0.407) ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ (^P=0.601) ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ،3 :ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،4 :ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ،5 :ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،6 :ﻲــﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ]

[∈ (^{i, j}) 1 :ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ،2 :ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺪــﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻠﻴــﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﺖــﺴﺨﻧ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 3.1449 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.9682 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ 2.8432 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮــﺳ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.8866 ﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻱ ﻪــﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.6862 ﻭ 2.5968 ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .(5 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ

ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲــﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎــﺷﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧﺎﭼ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ .[20] ﺪﻧﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶــﻧﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻴﻠــﺴﻴﻛ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺭﺩ .[21] ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘــﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺭﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﻭ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲــﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻴﻟﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﻭ ،ﺖــﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲــﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ .[22] ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﻻ ﻭ ﮓــﻧﻻ ﻦﻴﭼ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .[23] ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ :1 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ

(7)

ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ^P=0.0 ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲــﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (Test value=3) ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺶﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎــﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ 3.1449 ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﻮﻗ ﻱ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺮــﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎــﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺮﻛ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ

ﻦﻳﻼﻧﺁ ﻪﺜﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ،ﺐﺴﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺍﺮﻋﺍ [24] .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻤﻴﺣﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﺟﺭ [25] .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ [26] .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ (^P=0.0) ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ :4 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

N j i

i-j Pvalue

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

A1 1

2 -0.12496

A2 1

3 -0.04339

0.916 ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ

A3 1

4 -0.24642

A4 1

5 -0.30169

A5 1

6 0.15703

B1 2

3 0.08157

B2 2

4 0.37139

B3 2

5 -0.17673

B4 2

6 0.28199

C1 3

4 0.28982

C2 3

5 -0.25830

C3 3

6 0.20043

D1 4

5 -0.54811

D2 4

6 -0.08939

E1 5

6 0.45872

(8)

ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺭﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ،(^P=0.916) ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﻭ (^P=0.407) ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪــﻬﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ (^P=0.601) ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪــﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐــﺴﻛ ،ﺖــﺴﺨﻧ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 3.1449 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.9682 ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ 2.8432 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮــﺳ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.8866 ﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻱ ﻪــﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ 2.6862 ﻭ 2.5968 ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ : ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ • ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﺾﻳﻮﻔﺗ ،ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱ ﻪﺟﺩﻮﺑ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎــﻴﺘﺧﺍ .ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ • ﺭﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺭﺎﻜــﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻱ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪــﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ،ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ .ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻱ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﻱﺪــﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﺶــﻨﻳﺰﮔ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊــﻤﺟ •

،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎــﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ .ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺶﻳﻻﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ • ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻴــﺳﻭ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻊﻧﺍﻮﻣ ﻊﻓﺭ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻜﺒــﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ،ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬــﺴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﻠﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ .ﻩﺮﻇﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﺎــﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ • ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺎــﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘــﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ .ﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻤﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎــﺠﻳﺍ • ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺕﺎــﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻝﺮــﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ .ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ :5 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ

1 2

4 3

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ 3.1449

- -

-

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ -

2.9682 -

-

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ -

- 2.8866

-

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ -

- 2.8432

-

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ -

- -

2.6862

ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻬﺴﺗ -

- -

2.5968

Pvalue 1

0.407 0.916

0.301

(9)

ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺪــﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻭ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘــﺳﺩ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺘــﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ،ﻲﺗﺁ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ (^MADM) ﻪﺼﺧﺎــﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ

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Mirghafoori H.¹ / Farhang Nejad M.A.² / Sadeqi Arani Z.³

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, knowledge is most important impressed factor of health and medical sector's output. So recognizing and implementing knowledge management in health and medical sector is a powerful tool to represent preferred services to customers. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to evaluate knowledge management process dimensions in Yazd's health and medical sector.

Methods: The population in this descriptive-analytic study is Yazd hospital's staff with upper secondary school degree. After studying knowledge management process, we designed a questionnaire in 6 parts to collecting data. For data analyzing we utilized SPSS software package and used t’ student, ANOVA and Turkey tests.

Results: Knowledge management process with average of 2.85 is lower than average limit, but knowledge management using with average of 3.14 has a best performance. A significant difference is found between knowledge management dimensions. Comparing between knowledge management process dimensions didn't show any difference between knowledge strategy and knowledge retention average (рValue =0.916), knowledge creating and knowledge retention average (рvalue=0.407), or knowledge sharing and knowledge evaluation average (рvalue=0.601).

Other paired comparisons have shown significance difference. With regard to average-based ranking, knowledge using with average of 3.14 is in first and knowledge evaluation with average of 2.59 placed in end of this average based categorized.

Conclusion: Knowledge using is in ideal level between knowledge management dimensions in Yazd's health and medical sector but other dimensions aren't in ideal level. A significant difference found between knowledge management dimensions.

Keywords:Knowledge Management, Knowledge Management Process Dimensions, Health and Medical Sector, Yazd Hospitals

Assistant Professor of Management, Economics and Accounting Department, Economics Faculty, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;

1.

Corresponding Author ([email protected])