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(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

( ^Big-5 ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ) (ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ

5ﺭﺎﻴﺳ ﻢﺳﺎﻘﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ / ⁴ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻃ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ / ³ﻲﻗﺪﻨﺟ ﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏ / ²ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣﺪﻴﺳ / ¹ﺮﻔﻴﻨﺧ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺑﻭ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ .ﺩﻮﺑ (^Big-5) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣﺮﻔﻧ 31 ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ - ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻗ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺍ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺯﺍ ^SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳﺍ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،^Big-5 ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻱ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ؛ﻥﺁ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛﻭ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑﻭ ،ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ؛ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ،ﻱﺮــﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ ،ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ :ﺎـﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪـﻴﻠﻛ .ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ 88/7/15 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 88/7/11 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 87/12/10 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ 1 .

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(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻢﻜﺣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘــﺳﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﺕﻼــﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﻏﺭ ،ﺎــﻫ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲــﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺵﺮــﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ،ﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮــﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻪﻄــﺳﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ گﺭﺰــﺑ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ (Personality) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎــﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ [1]

،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻖﺣ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺪــﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ (Personal philosophy) ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺋﺎــﺴﻣ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﻚﺒــﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎــﺸﻳﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺖﺳﻭﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ [2]

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧ ،(^Conflict) ﺽﺭﺎــﻌﺗ ﻪــﺸﻳﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻭ ﺪــﺷﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ ﻭ (Frustration) ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮــﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻆﻔﺣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎــﺴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ [3].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺩﻭﺪﻌﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻮﻴــﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ [4].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴــﺴﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻲــﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺍﺮــﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ

FFM: Five – Factor Model of personality) |) ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻭ (Robert Mc Crae) ﻱﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﺕﺮﺑﺍﺭ (^Big-5 ﺎﻳ ^(Big-Five .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ (1999 ،1997 ،1987) (^{Paul Costa}) ﺎﺘﺳﻮﻛ ﻞﭘ

ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ،(E: Extroversion) ﻲــﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ،(N: Neuroticism)

A:) ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،(C: Conscientiousness) ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ ﻭ (Agreeableness

ﺐــﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴــﺴﻘﺗ (O: Openness) ﻭ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﺟﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺩﻮــﻤﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻂــﻴﺤﻣ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ ﺶﻨﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻛﺮﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺏﺎﺑﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺪﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺟﺭ ﺎﺑ [5].ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻱ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺑﻮﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺵﺎﻜﻨﻛ ﻭ ،ﺎﺘﺳﻮﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺫ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺪــﺷﺭﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻠﻛ ،ﻥﺎﮔژﺍﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎــﻳﺯ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲــﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ personality ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺖﻐﻟ ﻦﻴﺗﻻ ﻪــﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪــﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ personalite ﺎــﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻜــﺳﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺏﺎﻘﻧ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ^persona .ﺪﻧﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﺎﺌﺗ ﻥﺍﺮــﮕﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﻡﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﻧﻮﻳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ [6]

ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ

(3)

(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﻭ [7].ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ًﺎﺘﺒــﺴﻧ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﻼﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﻭ ﺎــﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ) ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺮــﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺖــﺳﺍ [8].(ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ) ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺮــﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ (ﻲــﺘﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎــﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﺛ ًﺎﺘﺒــﺴﻧ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪــﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻭ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ًﺎــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﮔﺎﻧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 1 ﻞﻜــﺷ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ [9].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺎﺘﺳﻮﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻪﻫﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ (The field of personality) ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﺕﺮﺑﺍﺭ) (^FFM) ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎــﺑ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ (1999 ،1997 ،1987) (ﺎﺘﺳﻮﻛ ﻞﭘ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ،ﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﻭ ﻭ ﺎﺘــﺳﻮﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞــﻨﭘ ﻱﻮــﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮــﻛ ﻚﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ [10].ﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ"ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺘــﺳﻮﻛ ﻞﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﺕﺮﺑﺍﺭ "ﺪﻨﻠﻳﺮﻣ ،ﺭﻮﻤﻴﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘــﺳﺭﺪﻨﺗ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺶــﻴﭘﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺖــﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ" ﺎﻳ "ﺪــﻨﻣﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ" ﻪﺑ ﻑﻭﺮــﻌﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ. ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ "(^{Big Five}) ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻡﺮﻫ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ (Super traits) ﺐــﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺶــﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ 30 ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ،ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ [11](2 ﻞﻜــﺷ) .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ [12].ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ

:ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ :ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ،ﺭﻮﺴﺟ ،ﻲﺗﺮﺷﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻱژﺮﻧﺍﺮﭘ ،ﺺﺨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻕﻮــﺷ ﻭ ﺭﻮــﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺐﻠﻃ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ،ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ .ﺖﺴﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻤﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲــﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ [11].ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ًﻻﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ،ﻥﺎﺸﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻭﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ [9].ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎــﺴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ،ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎــﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺮﻬﻣ ،ﺖﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﺖــﺳﺍﺭ ﻭﺭ ،ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺐﻠﻗ ﺵﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻦﺗﻭﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻣ ،ﻭﺮﻴﭘ ،ﻲﮕﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ،ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻦــﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ [11].ﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻩﺭﻭﺎــﺸﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺖﺣﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﻭﺯﺎــﺳ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﺮﺑ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺍﺯ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ [13].ﺪﻧﺯﺭﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻱﺯﻮــﺴﻟﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻪﺘــﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺖــﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﻲﺼﺨــﺷ ﻁﺎﺒﻀﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻮﺟ ﻑﺪﻫ ،ﺱﺎﻨــﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻢﻈﻨﻣ

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(4)

(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (ﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ) ﺎﻜﺗﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻨــﺷ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻳﻮﮕــﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻏﺎــﺸﻣ [13].ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺱﻮﻳﺄﻣ ،ﻲﺒﺼﻋ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻧ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺕﺎــﺒﺛ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺩﺰﺑﺎﺘﺷ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ،ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺠﺧ ،ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺪﻴﻣﺍﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺣ ًﻻﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺭﺎﻴﺸﻫ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ،ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ (Sobering influence) [13].ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺬﺧﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ :ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ ﺎﻳ ﺯﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ،ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﺎــﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺪــﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭﺎﻜﺠﻨﻛ ،ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻮﻠﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ،ﻞﻴﺨﺗ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺎــﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺎــﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ

ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻚــﺴﻳﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﻼﻣﺎﻋ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻌﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻳﺮﻓﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ،ﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ [11].ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ

Big-5 ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺖﻔﺻ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻪﺳ ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖــﺒﺜﻣ ﺮــﺛﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ [10].ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ،ﻲﻨﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻛﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ،[2]ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،[14]ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺎﺑ ^Big-5 ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ [15]ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ [16]ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺎــﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ

ƵŹŚưƃƪƨƃ ç ŢǀƈŴƃƱŚƯŻŚſŜţřźƯƶƬƀƬſ

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ƪǀŴţšŹŶƣ ŻŚŝšŚſŚƀůř řźĭƭřŶƣřƹ

%LJƾŤǀƈŴƃŵŚƘŝř

Ʊƹźŝ ƾƿřźĭ ƢŝŚƐţ

ƽźƿŸě ƶƠǀƓƹ

ƾſŚƴƃ

ƱřƹŹ ƽŹƺŬƳŹ

ƶŝŢŞƀƳƾĭŵƺƄĭ ƶŝźŬţƁźƿŸě

šŚſŚƀůř

ŢŞŨƯ

ƾƗŚưŤūř

ƽĥźƳřŚŝ

ƾŞƈƗ

ƾŤƫŚŬų ƹźưĩ

ƶŤƀƿŚƃ

ƮƔƴƯ

ƶƠǀƓƹ ŽŚƴƃ

ŚĪţřƪŝŚƣƹ

ƹŹŵŚưŤƗřƪŝŚƣ ƁƺųŢſřŹ

ƱŚŝźƸƯƹŜƬƣ

ƾŤǀƈŴƃŵŚƘŝř

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ƾĭĦƿƹ ƆŴƄƯƽŚƷ

ŚŝƎŞţźƯ

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(5)

(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﭻــﻴﻫ [17]ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ^Big-5 ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﺘــﺳﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻢﻗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺘــﺳ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (ﺮﻔﻧ 36) ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 31 ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ (ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﭗﻴﺗ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ (ﻥﺍﺮﻛﻮﻛ ﻝﻮــﻣﺮﻓ) ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .ﻢﻳﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ

:ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ

n=ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ

N=ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

p=ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

q=ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

ε=ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺖﻗﺩ

=ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ^S² ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺎــﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ⁿ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ 0/5 ﺍﺭ ^q ﻭ ^p ،ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺪﻧ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ :ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ [18].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎــﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎــﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ

ε=0/06 ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ 0/1 ﺎﺗ 0/01 ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ

α=0/05 ﺎﻄﺧ ﺭﺍﺪــﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ،ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﻔﻧ 31 ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ،ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 25 ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 3 ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ 6 ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 6 ،ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 6 ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻝﺍﺆــﺳ 4 ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻴﺗﺎــﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺲﭙــﺳ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﻭ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ (Reliability) ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪــﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ 0/89 ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘــﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻛ ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖــﺴﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ (3 ﺩﺪﻋ) ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ 3 ﺩﺪــﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻦــﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻑﻼﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،^Big-5 ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ 1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ 5 ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ P-value<0/05 ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ (3ﺩﺪﻋ) ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ 3 ﺩﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

(6)

(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ 2

ﻱﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲــﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﻮــﺑ ،ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺽﺮﻓ :ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ

+

ŵŚºººƘŝřƶºººƳŚǀƯ ƩŶºººƯ

%,*

ŢºººſřźºººŝřźŝźĮƿŶºººƨƿŚºººŝ

ƯƶƧŵŹřŵŵƺūƹŶƘĄŝƹŵƪƣřŶů ŢſřźŝřźŝŚƳŚƸƳōƶƳŚǀ

ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ^Big-5 ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 3 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ

ﺪﻌﺑ ،3 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻪــﺒﺗﺭ ﻦــﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎــﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮــﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦــﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺭﻮــﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ 4 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ^P-value=0/000<0/05 ﻭ ^α=0/05 ﻪﻛ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

Test value=3

ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95 ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ

،ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

P-value

،ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ

t ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ df

ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﺣ

-1/2433 -1/6559

-1/4516 0/000

30 -14/230

ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ

1/0731 0/7334

0/9032 0/000

30 10/861

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ

1/5919 1/2898

1/4409 0/000

30 19/484

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ

1/4381 1/1318

1/2849 0/000

30 17/130

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ

1/4118 1/0720

1/2819 0/000

30 14/930

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ

Big-5 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ :2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ 4/4

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ 4/3

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ 4/2

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ 3/9

ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ 1/5

ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ^Big-5 ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ :3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ

ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ 4/15

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ 3/58

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ 3/52

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ 2/76

ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ 1

ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :4 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ

ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ 2 ﻲﺧ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ

ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ (^p-value)

4 31 76/15

0/000

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(37) 12 ؛1388 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

،ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ

P- ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ ﻪــﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ value=0/000

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺎــﺷﻮﺧ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺭﻮــﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ (3ﺩﺪﻋ) ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ (^P-value=0/000<0/05) .ﺖﺳﺍ (3ﺩﺪﻋ) ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ،ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ 4/15 ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ،ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ،ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪــﻳﺯﺭﻭ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺵﻮﻛ ﺖﺨــﺳ ،ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ) ﻩﺰــﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎــﻧﺁ ﺵﻼــﺗ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،(ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ) ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺁ ،ﺪﻳﺎﻘﻋ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ،(ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩﺮﮔﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻦﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺖــﺳﻭﺩ ،ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺏﺩﺍ ،(ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ) ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ،ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺤﻣ ،ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺤﻣ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ،ﻱﺰــﻴﻣﺁ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﻨﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲــﻫﺩ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ،ﻉﻮــﺟﺭ ﺏﺎﺑﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨــﺳﺎﭘ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺩﺭﺎﻤﮔ ﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ) ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ .ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖــﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻲــﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻅﺎــﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻦــﺷﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﻨــﺷﺁ ﺢﻳﺮــﺸﺗ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺖــﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎــﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻚﺒــﺳ ﻭ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪــﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﺑ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺕﺎﻤﻫﺎﻔﺗ ءﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ،ﻦﮕﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺐﻴﻏﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ،ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲــﺸﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪــﺷﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺮــﻳﺪﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ

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Journal of Health Administration 2009; 12 (37)

(A Case Study of Five Factors Model of Personality in Qom University of Medical Sciences); Iran

Khanifar H.¹ / Moghimi S M.² / Jandaghi Gh.³ / Taheri F.⁴ / Sayyar A.⁵

Introduction: Managers personality differences can be source of organizational creativity or inevita- ble problems. Which are effective factors in managers' behavior, decisions and behaviors. Managers who are apathetic to these differences, they can’t often achieve to organizational and individual goals.

This research is about studying staff managers of Qom University of Medical Sciences (QUMS) based on Five Factor Model of Personality (Big-5).

Methods: This study is a descriptive - applied research. Population includes 31 staff managers of QUMS whom are selected based on stratified random sampling method. Research instrument is a researcher made Five factors model of Personality, and some management professors. In order to data analyzing ,τ test and Friedman Test by using SPSS software.

Results: The mean of Neuroticism in study population is less than average, and the means of other four dimensions includes extroversion, conciseness, agreeable, Openness, is higher than average. The high- est mean is related to Conscientiousness and the lowest one is Neuroticism. Friedman rank test show that there is a meaningful difference between mean ranks. Neuroticism is the lowest one.

Conclusion: Manageress's five factors personality fall in a desirable level.

Keywords: Five Factors Model of Personality, Conscientiousness, Openness, Agreeableness, Extro- version, Neuroticism.

Assistant Professor of Public Management Department, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1.

Assistant Professor of Public Management Department, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2.

Abstract

Downloaded from jha.iums.ac.ir at 9:12 IRDT on Sunday September 3rd 2017

( Big-5 ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ) (ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ

(A Case Study of Five Factors Model of Personality in Qom University of Medical Sciences); Iran

( ^Big-5 ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ) (ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ