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1388 ﺭﺎـﻬﺑ / 35 ﻩﺭﺎـﻤﺷ / 12 ﻩﺭﻭﺩ

ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ

1386 ؛ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ

3ﻲﺘﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺎﻳﺭﻮﭘ ﺪّﻴﺳ / ²ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﭘ / ¹ﺭﻮﭘ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻥﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﺮﻴﻣﺍ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ 96 ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ (^N=1244) ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻚﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻣﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺬﺧﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘﺩﻮﺧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ (ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ =5 ﻭ ﻢﻛﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ =1) ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ - ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ^X²=5700 ﻭ P<0/01 ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ (58/94 ﻭ 61/37 ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ) ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ .ﺩﻮﺑ (57/68) ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ (130 ﺯﺍ 69/35) ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻼﺧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺎﺑ) ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﻤﺛ ﺮﻤﺜﻣ (ﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ:ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 88/1/30 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 87/10/7 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 87/3/5 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ؛ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ 1 .

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ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ - ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﺟ ﻲﻫﺍﺭ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ،ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﻜﺷ ﻭ ﻮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻤﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ،ﻪﺟﻮﺗ [1].ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﺑﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺰﻴﻤﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺎﺷ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺐﺴﻛ ،ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ،ﻪﻴﺣﻭﺭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﻮﻗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ [2].ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻏ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻏ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﺍﺯ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ

،ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻪﻴﺣﻭﺭ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ [3].ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻆﻔﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ [4].ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﻟﻮﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [5] (^Bowls) (Hignett Sue) ﻮﺳ ،ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [6]

ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [7] (^{Rick Stern}) ﻥﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺰﻤﻠﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ [8](^{K Patricia}) ﻚﻳﺮﺗﺎﭘ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ (Laura L Oneill) ﻞﻴﻧﻭﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [9]

ﻭ ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [10] (D.C Strasser) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻔﻴﮔ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﺸﺨﺒﻧﺍﻮﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [11] (B.D Gifford) ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ [13]ﻱﺪﻫﺍﺯ ،[12] (Kent, R.Aubrey) ﺖﻨﻛ ،ﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [14]ﻚﻴﺟﺎﺗ ،ﻪﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[15]ﻲﺑﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

(3)

ﺭﺩ ،[16]ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ،ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[17]ﻲﺟﺮﻓ ،ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[18]ﻲﮕﻴﺑ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ،ﺕﺍﺮﺑﺎﺨﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[19]ﻱﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[20]ﻉﺭﺍﺯ ﺭﺩ ،[21]ﻲﻣﻼﻏ ،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ [22]ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺳﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،(،ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ (ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ) ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺺﻗﺍﻮﻧ .ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ 869) (ﺹ)ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻭ (^N₁= 375) ﺮﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ (^N=1244 ًﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ) ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ (^N₂= ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ - ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ 96 ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 68) ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

.(ﺮﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 28 ﻭ (ﺹ)ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻚﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻣﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺰﻨﻴﺑﺍﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 29 ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ،ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ) ،ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ،ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ (ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ،ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ [23].ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﻴﻤﺳﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﭘﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 26 ،ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ،ﻚﻤﻛ ،ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻳ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ) ﺮﺑ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ [24].ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ =5 ﺎﺗ ﻢﻛﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ =1) ﺕﺮﻜﻳﻻ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺎﺑ - ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ 0/76ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ 0/81 ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ،ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ 33/3 ﺎﺗ 0 ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ66/6 ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 66/6 ﺎﺗ 33/3 ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ (ﺮﻔﻧ 66) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ68/8 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ (ﺮﻔﻧ 30) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ31/3 ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺍﺭ 42) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ63/6 ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﺮﻔﻧ 66 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ

(4)

ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ (ﺮﻔﻧ 7) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ10/6 ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ (ﺮﻔﻧ ﺮﻔﻧ 30 ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ (ﺮﻔﻧ 17) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ25/8 ﻭ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ (ﺮﻔﻧ 3) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ10 ﺰﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺩﺮﻣ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ73/3)ﺮﻔﻧ 22 ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ16/7) ﺮﻔﻧ 5 .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ 41،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ42/7)ﺮﻔﻧ 41،ﻝﺎﺳ 35 ﺮﻳﺯ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ42/7)ﺮﻔﻧ 45 ﻱﻻﺎﺑ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ14/6)ﺮﻔﻧ 14 ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 36 -45 ﻦﻴﻨﺳ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ11/5)ﺮﻔﻧ 11 ،ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ2/1)ﺮﻔﻧ 2 ،ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ22/9)ﺮﻔﻧ 22،ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﺯﺍ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ63/5)ﺮﻔﻧ 61 ﻭ ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ ،ﻲﻤﺳﺭ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ61/5)ﺮﻔﻧ 59 ،ﻲﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﺘﻛﺮﺷ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ24)ﺮﻔﻧ 23 ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ14/6)ﺮﻔﻧ 14 ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ40/6)ﺮﻔﻧ 39 ،ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ 11-20 (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ41/6) ﺮﻔﻧ 40 ،ﻝﺎﺳ 1-10 ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ 21-30 (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ17/7) ﺮﻔﻧ 17 ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﻩﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ) ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻭ (58/94 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ)ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ،(61/37 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ (47/91 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ)ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ 40/10 ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ (2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ» ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،«ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ،(69/35 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ) ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ (57/03 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ) ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ (57/68 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ) ﻪﻛﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (41/31 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ) ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﮕﻤﻫ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻘﺑﺎﻣ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ .(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ (0/002)ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ،(0/041)ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ،(0) .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ (0)ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ 57/009 ﺮﺋﻮﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ،‹0/01 ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ .(2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻟﺮﺘﻨﻛﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،[24]ﺩﺭﺎﭽﻧﻼﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺮﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻴﻌﺿ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﺎﻔﺷ ﻭ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ [16]ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ

(5)

ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ" ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ "ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻚﺒﺳ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ" ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ [18]ﻲﮕﻴﺑ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ "ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﺭﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻀﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ،ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

± xSD

ﻪـﺒﺗﺭ

ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ 61/37±18/46

1

ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ 58/94±21/71

2

ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ 47/92±22/48

3

ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ 47/31±20/03

4

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ 46/79±20/57

5

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ 45/83±19/23

6

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ 44/0±21/28

7

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ 43/58±19/78

8

ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ 43/49±20/05

9

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ 40/10±21/57

10

ﻞﻛ 47/93±14/70

-

ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

± xSD

ﻪـﺒﺗﺭ

ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ 69/35±8/71

1

ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ 57/68±18/66

2

ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ 57/03±19/58

3

ﻂﻴﺤﻣ 49/91±21/37

4

ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ 48/91±15/72

5

ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ 45/70±19/85

6

ﻚﻤﻛ 41/31±17/60

10

ﻞﻛ 52/24±11/57

-

(6)

ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ :2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻭ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻚﻤﻛ

ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ

ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/001 0/002

0/037 0/002

0/077 0/431

0/004

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 212/51

144/39 137/95

286/71 155/82

78/51 166/8

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/001 0/007

0 0/011

0/188 0/185

0

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 218/02

137/19 165/88

270/80 146/20

87/94 211/9

ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0 0/006

0 0/0042

0 0/004

0/135

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 200/67

105/52 130/46

192/11 188/36

87/62 102/5

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/001 0/514

0 0

0/099 0

0/003

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 215/33

97/860 218/192

321/798 153/268

126/706 168/0

ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0 0/047

0 0/074

0/213 0

0/035

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 284/70

123/68 176/54

251/07 144/67

167/81 150/8

ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/007 0/006

0/025 0/0672

0/067 0/046

0

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 184/63

126/92 129/59

19/56 144/04

91/06 215/0

ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0 0

0/041 0

0

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 348/68

205/53 194/66

360/77 174/76

140/25 224/1

ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/395 0/663

0/0111 0/067

0/072 0/703

0/041

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 158/07

92/57 128/38

252/22 156/48

69/93 149/1

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/026 0/007

0/001 0/002

0/002 0/184

0/002

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 174/45

126/60 151/81

263/11 168/42

80/45 158/9

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0 0/001

0/002 0/056

0 0/002

0/005

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 234/18

149/32 157/18

254/41 215/65

116/85 165/5

ﻞﻛ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0/002 0/028

0 0

0/094 0/035

0

ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ 17/91

10/846 30/124

29/203 0/935

10/314 31/51

(7)

ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ،ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ،ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻕﻼﺧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺩﻮﺧ

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Vol.12/No.35/Spring2009

The Relationship between Organizational Cultures and Employees Productivity

Nasiripour A.A.¹ / Raeisi P.² / Hedayati S.P.³

Abstract

Introduction: Organizational culture is an influential factor for organizational performance in lit- erature. The present study was aimed to determine the relationship between organizational culture and employee productivity in non-specialized teaching hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

Methods: The stratified random sampling procedure was used to select 96 out of 1244 of the employees of the teaching hospitals affiliated with IUMS to participate in this research. The data were collected via a self-report questionnaire. The five points Likert scale used to score the questions where 1= very little, up to 5= a lot.

Results: There is a significant relation between organizational culture and employee productivity (x²=57.0, P=›0/01). In comparing the mean score of organizational culture indices, "control" and

"individual creativity" had the highest mean scores (e.g. 61.37 and 58.94 respectively). Among productivity indices, "understanding the job role" and "ability", had the highest mean scores (e.g. 69.35 and 57.68 respectively).

Conclusion: It would be desirable to prepare an appropriate atmosphere for innovators and to teach employees about the value of effort.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Productivity, Employees, Hospital

Assistant Professor of Health Services Management Department, School of Economics and Management, Islamic Azad University, Sci- 1.