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(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

1388 :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ

5ﻲﻜﺳﺮﻃ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ / ⁴ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻫﺮﺑ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻴﺣﻭ / ³ﻡﺎﮕﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ / ²ﻱﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻢﻈﻋﺍ / ¹ﻲﺼﻟﺎﺧﺭﺩﺎﻧ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﻠﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ،ﻥﺁ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ :ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻔﻧ 162 ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ 1388 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ^SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻒﻛﺎﺳﺩﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻣﺮﻴﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ،t ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ، P=0.00) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ (r=0.628 ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘــﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ :ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ :ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 89/7/27 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 89/6/31 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 89/3/15 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ 1 . ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ 2 . .ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ :ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ •

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺢﻳﺮــﺸﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺮــﺘﻨﻛ ،ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲــﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺎــﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧﻭ ﺪــﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶــﻴﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻭ ،ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﭘ ﻢــﻬﻣ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎــﺒﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ [1] .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻢــﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺖﻓﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﻏﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﺣﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮــﺷ ﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮــﺗﺍﺮﻓ ﻲــﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﻮــﺴﺤﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﻲــﻳﺍﺪﺟ ءﺰﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﻲــﺸﻘﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎــﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺵﻮﺟ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻞﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ [2].ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻲــﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺮــﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ [3] . ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻭﺍ ﺲﻴﻧﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻭﺍ .ﺩﺭﺬــﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻫﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺶــﻴﺑ :ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭًﺎﻤﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺕﺮﻴﺼﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻱﺩﺮــﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺻ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻣﺯﻻ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺕﺮﻴﺼﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻠﻔﻏ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺼﺨــﺷ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ [4].ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻲــﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

:ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ - .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ .ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ - ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺵﺍﺩﺎــﭘ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲــﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ - ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻤــﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻪﻠﻴــﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮــﻴﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ

.ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ - [5].ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺎﺑﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻚﻳ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻩﺭﺎــﺑﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺎــﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪــﺣﺍﻭ ﻖــﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍﺯﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ 30 ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻛﺎﺳﺩﺎﭘ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ (2) ،ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ (1) :ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﻋﺎﻃﺍ (4) ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻓﻭ (3) ،ﺖــﺷﺬﮔﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ (7) ﻭ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ (6) ،ﻱﺩﺮــﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ (5) ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ [6].ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃﻭﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ - ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ - ﻲﺘﺣﺍﺭﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﻜــﺷ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﻥﻭﺪــﺑ ﺖﺨــﺳﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ءﺎــﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎــﻓﻭ - ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻓﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،ﺎــﻫ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﮔﺎﻧ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮــﻛ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺖﻋﺎﻃﺍ - ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ - ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃﻭﺍﺩ ﺔﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨــﺷ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻼﻛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ - ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ،ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺗ .(ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃﻭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ - .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ

(3)

(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺪــﻳﺎﺑ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻉﻮﻧ :ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﻠﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻦــﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ،ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺭ ،ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻭﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ .ﻲــﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻒﻛﺎﺳﺩﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ 1988 ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻚــﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ 1990 ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ [7] . ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ :ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ

.ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻢﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ :ﻥﺍﺪــﺟﻭ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻞﺜﻣ .ﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺮــﺳ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻪﺑ :ﻪــﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ

.ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ :ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺮﻏ ﺮﻏ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻂﻳﺍﺮــﺷ ﺭﺩ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ :ﻲﻧﺪﻣﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺰــﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲــﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮــﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﻖﻳﻮــﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺪــﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺞﻳﻭﺮﺗ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮــﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺯﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲــﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ [8].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻜﻳ

.ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ 1980 ﻪﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘــﺴﺨﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ 1990 ﻪﻫﺩ ﺎﺗ .ﺪــﺷ ﺾﻳﻮﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲــﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎــﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻩﺩﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﺪــﻗ ﻭ ﺭﺎــﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ 1990 ﻪــﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲــﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺩﺮــﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻈﻨﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺶــﻧﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺯﺮﻃ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ [9].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻩﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺋﺎــﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ

[10]ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ [11].ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻞﻨــﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺭﻮــﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺮــﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦــﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ

(4)

(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ 162 ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﻨﻤﺿ .ﺪــﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪــﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘــﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ 151 ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ﺖــﻳﺎﻋﺭ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺮﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻂــﻴﺤﻣ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻬﺸﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺮﻬــﺷ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ 1388 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜــﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻒﻛﺎــﺳﺩﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻤﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 20 ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 1386ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻱﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺿ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 78 ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ).ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶــﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻚﻳ ،ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ 12 ﺎﺗ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺕﻻﺍﺆــﺳ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ 17 ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ 16ﺎﺗ13 ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ 20 ﺎــﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦــﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺰﺘﻳﺮﭙــﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 16 ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺮــﺒﻫﺭ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮــﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﺿ ﻕﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ 1386 ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ .(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 80 ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻒﻴﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻞﻜﺷ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

:ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻳﺫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ – ﻡﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ– ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ – ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ :ﻲﻠﻛ ﻞﻜﺷ

ﻢﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ – ﻢﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ 5 4 3 2 1 :ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ

ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﺲﻜﻋ ،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻝﻮــﺼﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ^t ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺕﺍﺮــﻤﻧ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻣﺮﻴﭙــﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ)ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻴﭙــﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ^SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،(ﺖﺳﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻲــﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻥﻮــﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ... ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 29.8 ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 70.2 ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﺠﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 71.5 ﻝﺎﺳ 30-40 ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 44.4 ﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 4.6 ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ 50 ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 50.3) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 6.6) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎــﺴﻴﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎــﺴﻴﻟ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 44.4 ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 49.7 ﻭ ،ﻝﺎــﺳ 10 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺶﺷ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 19 ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ 20 ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 42.4 ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 57.6 ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺕﺍﺮــﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ 3.5 ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ

(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

(5)

(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻉﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ،ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦــﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ^P≤0.05 ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ (2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ،3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺬــﻟ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ^P=0.00 ^(P≤0.01)ﻭ 0.628 ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 99 ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎــﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ

^(P≤0.01)ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ 0.513 ﻭ 0.617 ،0.467 ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ^P=0.00 ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮــﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎــﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ 0.172 ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ ^P=0.035 ^(P≤0.05)ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﺏﻮــﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮــﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦــﻴﺑ :ﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺩﺮــﻣ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﻝﺎﺒﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪــﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺪــﺟﻭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺵﻮــﺟﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻲــﺴﻛ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻥﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎــﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦــﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮕﻧ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻪــﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻂﻳﺍﺮــﺷ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺲﺣ ﻥﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻢﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ًﺎﺘﺒــﺴﻧ ﺵﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ ﻭ

،ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ

3.5 ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ X

SD P-Value

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ 3.94

0.446 0.00

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ 3.8

0.444 0.00

ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ 3.99

0.548 0.00

ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ 4.1

0.540 0.00

ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ 4.2

0.658 0.00

ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ 3.39

0.716 0.067

ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ 2.65

ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ 2.92

ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ 2.98

ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ 1.45

ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ=146.265 df=3 Sig=0.00

(6)

(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺒﺘــﺷﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻢــﻴﻛ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻢﻫ ﻢﻴﻛ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ [12].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖــﺑﺎﻄﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻢــﻫ ﻱﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺪــﻳﻮﻫ ﺭﺩ [8].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻮﻴﺘﻜﻓ ﻭ ﻮﻴﺘﻜﻓ ،ﻦﻟﺁ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺪﻳﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻮﻴﺘﻜﻓ ،ﻦﻟﺁ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻮــﻴﺘﻜﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺪﻤﻫ ،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ [13].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺰــﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪــﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻱﺪﻴﻌﺳ [14].ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻤﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﻨﺴﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ [6].ﺪــﺸﻧ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ [15].ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺮــﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮــﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺖــﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮــﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺹﻮــﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﻦــﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﺑ (3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪــﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪــﻛﺍﺮﭼ ﭻﻣﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺮﻠﮔﻮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺁ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲــﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻢﻫ

ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺴﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ :3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ

ﺖﺷﺬﮔﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ 1

0.814^* 0.866^*

0.495^* 0.690^*

0.628^*

ﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ 0.814^*

1 0.671^*

0.135 0.438^*

0.467^*

ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ 0.866^*

0.671^* 1

0.338^**

0.451^* 0.617^*

ﺖﺷﺬﮔﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ 0.495^*

0.135 0.338^*

1 0.076

0.172^**

ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ 0.690^*

0.438^* 0.451^*

0.076 1

0.513^*

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ 0.628^*

0.467^* 0.617^*

0.172^**

0.513^* 1

* P ≥ 0.01

** P ≤ 0.05

(7)

(42) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ،ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ،ﻲﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲــﻧﺪﻣ [16].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮــﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢــﺴﻴﻧﻮﮔﺎﺴﻤﻳﺮﭘ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮــﻨﻋ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻮــﺗ [17].ﺖــﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ [14].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺣﺎﺘﻓ ﻱﺪــﻬﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮــﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺕﺎــﻣﺪﺧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻓﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ [2].ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻨــﺴﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦــﻴﺑ ،ﺕﺎــﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪــﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻓﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ [15].ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ 3 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲــﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺰــﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺬﮔﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻣﺩﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬــﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲــﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖــﺤﺗ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻋﺫﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﺗﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﺕﺎﺒﺟﻮﻣ ،ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ

ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺮــﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻢــﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻣ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻭﺬﺒﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﺋﺎﻓﻮﻜــﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻛ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ

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Journal of Health Administration 2011; 13 (42)

Tehran University of Medical Sciences: 2010

Khalesi N.¹/ Ghaderi A.² / Khoshgam M.³ / Borhani Nejad V.R⁴ / Toroski M.⁵

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) has attracted managers and researcher’s attention. Considering such behaviors that has not been much emphasized one way to increase organizational effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between OCB with its four dimensions on staff empowerment.

Methods: This is an applied-descriptive study, carried out in 2010.The study Population are 162 staffs in TUMS health centers. Data are collected using Padsakoof model questionnaire, and analyzed using the SPSS software, and ι, and Friedman test; and Spearman coefficient.

Results: In TUMS health centers among OCB dimensions altruism, conscientiousness and sportsmanship dimensions were in an appropriate level, but civic virtue dimension was in a lowest level than appropriate level. Conscientiousness dimension was in the highest level. There is significant correlation between OCB and staff empowerment. (P=0.00, r=0.628).

Discussion: Paying attention to the OCB concept and its establishment in organizations, and its significant relationship with staff empowerment, may be useful to grow up for human resources.

Keywords: Organization Citizenship Behavior, Empowerment, Staff, Health center

Associate Professor of Health Services ُManagement Department, School of Management and Medical Information Science, Tehran 1.

University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Instructor of Health Services Management Department, School of Management and Medical Information Science, Tehran University 2.

of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

● Received: 05/June/2010 ● Modified: 22/Sep/2010 ● Accepted: 19/Oct/2010