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(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

1388 - ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ

4ﻲﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ،³ ﻱﺮﻫﻮﮔ ﺎﺿﺭﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ،² ﻱﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻢﻈﻋﺍ ،¹ ﻲﻧﺎﻧﺭﺎﻣ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ؛ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ .ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﺍﺭﺩﺍﻭ ؛ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ 1388 ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ130 ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ ؛ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ^ANOVA ﻭ ^{t - test} ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ^SPSS ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ؛ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 72) ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ؛ (ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ) ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ 3.24 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ 4.24 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻄﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ :ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 89/3/19 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 88/12/15 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 88/8/27 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ 1 .

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(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎــﻘﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻜــﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪــﺑ [2ﻭ1].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺰــﺴﺑ ﺶــﻘﻧ ﻲﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺪﻨﭘ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ [3].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺘــﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ [4-6].ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻱﺮﻴﺑﺍﺪﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ،(^OD) ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖــﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ،^ISO ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺑﺍﺪﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻜﻳﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ [7،8].ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﺴﻴﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺐﺒــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻜﻳ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ،ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ [9].ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱ ﻪــﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ،ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻲــﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﻮــﺴﻓﻭﺮﭘ ،ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ 4 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ (1 ﻞﻜــﺷ) ﺩﻮﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﮕﻴــﺸﻴﻣ

3 ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺮــﺑﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻚــﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻲــﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻢﻴﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻘﻓﺍ [10].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ /ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻭ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ /ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ :ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻤﺷ 1 ﻞﻜــﺷ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ [10،11]:ﺩﺮﻤﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 1 . ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ 2 . ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ 3 . ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ 4 . ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ 3 ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

:ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ :(ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪــﺷ ﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ) ﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﺪــﻬﻌﺗ - 1 ،ﺪﻧﺯﺎــﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎــﺷﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﺡﻮﻄــﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻩﺮﻜﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ

ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ :1 ﻞﻜﺷ

(3)

(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ًﺎﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺮﻛ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮــﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ" :ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻝﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺭﺩ ."ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ :ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ .1-1 ﺲﺣ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦــﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ

.ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ :ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻢــﻴﺗ .1-2 ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻮﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ :ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ .1-3 ﻪﺑ ﺮﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ

.ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ :(ﻲﮕﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ) ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ - 2 ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎــﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﻭ ﺕﺎــﺒﺛﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﻫﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺎــﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻲﺘﺣ ) ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲــﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ (ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﮓــﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ 3 ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺰﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ :ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ .2-1 ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺘــﺳﺩ

.ﺪﻧﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ :ﻖــﻓﺍﻮﺗ .2-2 ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺡﻮﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻢــﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺯ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ :ﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ .2-3 ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ

ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺮﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ :ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ - 3 ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺘﺨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺏﺎــﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺪــﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ 3 ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ :ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ :ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ .3-1 ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﺪــﻨﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦــﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ .ﺪﻳﻮﺟ ﻲﺸﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ :ﻲــﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻣ .3-2 ﺩﺪﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻴﭘﺎــﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪــﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﺘﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ :ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ .3-3 ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴــﺴﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻚﺒــﺳ ،ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻖﻳﻮــﺸﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ :(ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ) ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ - 4

.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺎﺠﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ .ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻪــﻫﺍﺮﻴﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﻻﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ،ﺖــﺴﻴﭼ ﻥﺎــﺷﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻚﻳﺰﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮــﺳﺩﺭﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎــﺸﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ ﺪﻧﺭﻮﺒﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﺪــﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻟﺎــﺳﺭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺒﺠﻣ

(4)

(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ،ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢــﺸﭼ ﻱﻮﻗ ﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢــﺸﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ :ﻚﻳﺰﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﻭ ﺶــﻳﺍﺮﮔ .4-1 ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ،ﻦــﺷﻭﺭ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺩﻮﺧ ﺪــﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨــﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ (ﺖﻌﻨﺻ) ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ :ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ .4-2 ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻤــﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻳﺩ ﻖﻓﺍ ﻭ

.ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ :ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢــﺸﭼ .4-3 ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎــﻴﻨﺑ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺁ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺖــﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻝﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺸﻘﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،ﻥﻮــﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ. ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﻭ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺧﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮــﻤﻧ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻭﺩﻮــﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ . ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻮــﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪﺳﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ.ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺐــﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻉﻮــﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻲــﺸﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮــﮔ ﺪﻴﻬــﺷ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ 1388 ﻥﺎﺘــﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ؛ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ.ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻨــﺳﺮﭘ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﻨﻠﻛﺍﺭﺎﭘ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ،ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻚــﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ - ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ 130 ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 130 ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ 36 ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ) ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ 112 11 ﻲﻜﻴﻨﻠﻛﺍﺭﺎﭘ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ 56 ﻱﺭﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .(ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ 9 ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺴﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ (2000) ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻦﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘــﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﺆــﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ 5 ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 60 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻒﻴﻃ) ﺕﺮــﻜﻴﻟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ (ﺞﻨﭘ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ :ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ) ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ 15 ﺎﺗ1 ﺕﻻﺍﺆــﺳ ﺎﺗ 16 ،(ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ ،ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ30 ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ 45 ﺎﺗ 31 ،(ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ،(ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ،ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ،ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ:ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﺖﻬﺟ :ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ) ﻲﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ ﮓــﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪــﻔﻟﺆﻣ 60 ﺎــﺗ 46 ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ (ﺯﺍﺪــﻧﺍ ﻢــﺸﭼ ،ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ،ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘــﺳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩژﻭﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ

(5)

(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺥﺎــﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎــﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎــﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨــﺳ (ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ) ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 74 ﻡﺎﺠــﺴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 84 ﻭ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 87 ﻱﺮــﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ،ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ [11].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 85 ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻝﻮﺼﺣ ﻭ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ^Anova ﻭ ^{T - test} ﻱﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ^SPSS ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲــﻳﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ … ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ،ﻲﺒــﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 30.4 ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 69.6 ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 43.8 ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ 30-40 ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 1.8 ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ 50 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻨــﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 69.6) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎــﺴﻴﻟ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 2.7) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 71.4 ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ 10 ﺯﺍ ﺰﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ 10 - 19 ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 18.7 ،ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎــﺳ 20 ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 9.8 ﻭ /ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 50.9 ،ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ /ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 23.2 ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 25.9 ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 49.1 ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲــﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﻨﻠﻛﺍﺭﺎﭘ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘــﺸﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 8.9 ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 9.8 ،ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 32.1 ﻲــﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺕﺮــﻜﻴﻟ ﻒﻴﻃ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻭ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﺮﮔﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ 1ﻭ 5 ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺎــﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 70 ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ 3.5 ﻱﺩﺪﻋ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ^ISO ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻚﻳ ﻪــﺟﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺰﺟ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻴــﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ 3.5 ﻱﺩﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺕﺍﺯﺎــﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 2 ..ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ،ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،1 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖــﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺎــﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ (3.45) ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ 2ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 10 ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 12 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :1ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

Test Value= 3.5

ﻱﺩﺪﻋ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ p - value

ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ 3.79

75.8 0.827

0.001

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ 3.45

69 0.658

0.23

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ 3.58

71.6 0.607

0.08

ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ 3.70

74 0.633

0.0005

(6)

(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 2 .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ 4.24 ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ (3.24ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ) ﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ (3.41ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ) ﺖــﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺖــﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻤﻧ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ 1ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻢﻴــﺳﺮﺗ ،ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ 1 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ،ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ،ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ .ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖــﻴﻌﺿ ﻭ ﻦــﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻪــﺑ ﺯﺎــﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦــﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ - ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻲــﺟﺭﺎﺧ - ﻥﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻑﺪــﻫ ﻥﻮﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ ،ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ) ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎــﻬﭼ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺑ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ (ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ،ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻢﻟﺎــﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ،ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ،ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻕﻼﺧ ،ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻴﻤﺻ ،ﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﻻﺁ ﻲﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﻲﻳﻼﻘﻋ [12] .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻦــﻣﺮﺗﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺮــﺘﻴﭘ ﺕﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒــﺳ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺍﺮــﻳﺯ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻲﻳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ،ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :2ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

Test Value= 3.5

ﻱﺩﺪﻋ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ p - value

ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ 3.62

72.4 0.810

0.052

ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ 4.24

84.8 1.09

0.001

ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ 3.52

70.4 0.785

0.35

ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ 3.61

72.2 0.703

0.04

ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ 3.50

70 0.75

0.49

ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ 3.24

64.8 0.721

0.001

ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ 3.41

68.2 0.713

0.094

ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ 3.77

75.4 0.7

0.001

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ 3.55

71 0.665

0.19

ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ 3.85

77 0.701

0.001

ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ 3.65

73 0.662

0.007

ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﺸﭼ 3.61

72.2 0.676

0.04

ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻤﺷ :1 ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ

(7)

(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

[13].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ ﺡﻮﻄــﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺮﻜﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ.ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ًﺎﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻥﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎــﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖــﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﮔﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻤﻟﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖﺒﻃ.ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ [14].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﻮــﺧ ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎــﻳﺭﻮﻨﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮــﺴﻴﻧﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ "ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ" ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ [15].ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ "ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ"

ﮓــﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺸﻧ ﻪﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ Saths ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﮓــﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻙﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ

ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ،ﻩﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ،ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲــﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮــﮔ ﻥﺁ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ [16].ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺪــﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻴﺗ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ.ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ،ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﻮﮔ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻲﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺍﺮــﻓﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺖــﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮــﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻦــﺴﺣ [17].ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ [18].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﻲــﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺮﮔﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐــﺴﻛ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﮕﭼﺭﺎﭙﻜﻳ ،ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻜــﺸﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎــﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﭼ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺪﺣﻭ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻛﺮﺘــﺸﻣ ﺪﻳﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻲﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ [19].ﺖﺳﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

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(40) 13 ؛1389 ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻌﻳﺮﺳ ،ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺕﺍﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻜﻋ [20].ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ - ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ - ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺰــﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎــﺑ ﻱﺮــﻳﺬﭘ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺸﺨﺒﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻢﻴﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ [21].ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ،(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 72) ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤــﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ؛ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲــﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮــﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﻪــﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺘــﺳﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮــﺴﻴﻣ ،ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﻳﺎــﺷ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮــﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺶــﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺮﮔﺩ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮــﮔﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺩﻮــﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮــﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻠﻜــﺸﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ [22] .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻴﺑ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﺭﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻀﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ،(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 67) ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﺍﺭﺍﺩ [23].ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﻭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖــﺤﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ [24]

ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺮــﺑ [25].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ

:ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤــﺷﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ،ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺘــﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻚﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺗﺭﻭﺮﺿ ،ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎــﻣ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪــﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻛﺎﺣ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎــﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﻳﺎــﺷ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎــﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ

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Journal of Health Administration 2010; 13 (40) Barati Marnani A.¹ / Ghaderi A.² / Gohari M.R.³ / Sadeghi A.⁴

Introduction: Studying organizational culture acts as a tool for gathering information, and enables managers to compare work groups; to prioritize problems and identify staff understandings and expectations to improve the gap between current and optimal situations. This research was aimed to study organizational culture in Hashemi Nezhad Hospital in Tehran based on Denison Model, to evaluate four aspects, as, Involvement, Consistency, Adaptability and Mission.

Methods: This is a Cross- Sectional study carried out in summer 2009. The research population are comprised all employees in Hashemi Nezhad Hospital, and the sample 130 employees selected through Randomized- Stratified sampling. Data are collected by Standard Denison Questionnaire;

and the analyzed by SPSS software, t-test and ANOVA tests.

Results: The majority of employees (%72) evaluated organizational culture situation as suitable.

The hospital gained the highest score concerning involvement and the lowest in consistency. The scores gained by the hospital in four main cultural aspects were medium level and above. The highest mean of organizational culture found for Team Orientation, 4.24 and the lowest mean was related to Coordination and Integration, 3.24. But totally most criteria were acceptable.

Conclusion: The organizational culture of this hospital was found in acceptable level, which will pave the way for successful changes and can help managers to predict change prioritize systematically and set strategies for successful implementation of management techniques and process.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Denison Model, Hospital

Assistant Professor of Health Services Management Department, School of Management and Medical Information Science, Iran 1.

University of Medidcal Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract