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1388 ﺭﺎـﻬﺑ / 35 ﻩﺭﺎـﻤﺷ / 12 ﻩﺭﻭﺩ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ

ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ

5ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ / ⁴ﻱﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ / ³ﻲﺟﺮﮔ ﻢﺳﺎﻘﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ / ²ﻲﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﻳﺎﻘﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻜﺳ / ¹ﻲﺑﻮﻘﻌﻳ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻄﻓ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﻱﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﻛ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻔﺳﻼﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ًﺍﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ. ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ^SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ (3/45±1/1) ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (3/3±0/7) ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ (3/05±1) ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .(p=0/029 ، r=0/66) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ (p=0/00 ، r=0/46) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ:ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ 88/1/30 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ • 87/11/7 :ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ • 87/8/21 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ •

ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ؛ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ 1 . (yaghoobbi@yahoo.com) ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻙﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ 2 .

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ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ - ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺎﻛﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ [1].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺰﻣﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻳﺁ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫﺎﻣﺮﻓﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻣﺮﻓﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺧ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ [1].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻄﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ [2].ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺾﻘﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻭﺍ . ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺖﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻊﻴﻓﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﻭﺩ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺏﻮﺴﻨﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺱﻮﺴﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ [3].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻄﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺶﻘﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻳﻮﺠﻣﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﻮﻄﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ [4].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺶﻴﭘ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ 1960ﻪﻫﺩ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻞﺼﻓ 1990 ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺼﺣ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ

(Distributive Justice) ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ -1

ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ (1965) ﺰﻣﺍﺩﺁ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ [4] .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ

(Procedural Justice) ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ -2

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺎﻳﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻼﺻﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ؟ﺪﻨﻜﻧ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﺎﻧ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻭﺩ ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺽﺮﻓ .ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ

(3)

ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻔﻴﺷ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛﻭﺩﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻠﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺐﺼﻌﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ [4].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﻭ ﺽﺮﻏ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻲﺘﺣ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ [5].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻲﺘﺣ ؛ﺪﻧﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﻓﺮﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ [6].ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﺘﻳﺎﺿﺭﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ

(International Justice) ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ -3

ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ،ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺷﻭﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ.ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ) ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ (ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻗﺍﺪﺻ ،ﺏﺩﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻲﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺎﻧ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﺟ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍﺩﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﻱﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺖﻤﺴﻗﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ [4].ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﭻﻴﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻨﺒﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ . ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ [ 7]

ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻓﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ [8،9].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﻭ [10].ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ [11].ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻦﻟﺁ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻣ

. ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :(Affective Commitment) ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .1 ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﺷﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ .ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :(Continuance Commitment) ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .2 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻬﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛﻭ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ [12].ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻓﻭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ

(4)

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :(Normative Commitment) ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ .3 .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ [8]

[13].ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿ ﺭ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻥﻮﭼ [14].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﭙﻤﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ [15].ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ (1387) ﻥﺎﻴﺗﺍﻭﺎﻤﺳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ [16].ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ (1387) ﻱﺭﻮﻔﻏ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﻭ [17].ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ (2006) ﺮﻨﻳﻮﺟ ﻭ (1972) ﻮﺗﻮﻟﺁ ﻚﻴﻨﻴﺑﺮﻫ

[17].ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ 2005 (^Warner) ﺮﻧﺭﺍﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ [18].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ (^Elovainio) ﻮﻴﻧﺍﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ 2969 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﻼﻨﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ [19].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ

ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺴﭙﻣﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ،ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ [20].ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ (^klendauer) ﺭﻭﺍﺪﻨﻠﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ 38 ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ 128 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ [21].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻧﻮﻤﻟ ﻱﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ [22].ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ «ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ-ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ» ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭﺩ) ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ (ﺱ)ﺍﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ) ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ) ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ((ﻉ)ﺮﻐﺻﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ 110 ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ (ﺎﻨﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻌﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻟﺁ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (2004) ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻼﻘﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ (1993) ﻦﻣﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻑﻮﻬﻴﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ

(5)

،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ. ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (1991) ﺮﺘﻜﭙﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ،ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ،ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ،ﻲﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ،ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ 0/90 ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ 0/94 ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ 0/88 ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ . ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ spss ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ 1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻜﻴﻟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ 2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ 9 ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ،ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ 6 ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ 3/4±1/1

3/5±1/3 ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

3/1±1 3±1/2

ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ 3/6±1/3

3/8±0/6 ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

3/3±0/2 3/8±1/5

ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ 3/8±1/5

3/6±1/1 ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

3/1±0/8 2/7±./5

ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ 2/8±1/4

3/2±1/2 ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

2/9±1/4 2/6±1/2

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ

ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ

ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ

ﻲﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ

ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ

ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ 3/2±0/7

3/5±1/3 3/1±0/3

3/6±1/3 3/3±1/1

3/1±0/3 3/1±0/3

4/1±0/8 2/96±1/1

2/6±1/2

ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ 3/4±0/7

3/1±0/3 2/5±1/2

4/2±0/5 3/2±1/1

3/7±./7 3/8±./1

4/3±1/3 3/1±./6

2/8±0/9

(6)

ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻛ (6/1±4/3) ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ (7/1±3/3) ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ^T_TEST ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ^ANOVA ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ .(^p=0/980 ، ^f=/061).

ANOVA ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/001 ، ^f=4.19) ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ) ﺖﺴﭘ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/029 ، ^f=2/7) ^ANOVA ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/04 ، ^f=4/7) ^ANOVA ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ،(^r=0/72 ، ^p=0/00) ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ؛ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ (^p=0/00 ، ^r=0/853) ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ (^p=0/00 ، ^r=0/687) .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

p=0/00) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ (، ^r=0/46

p=0/001) ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ (^p=0/031 ، ^r=0/73) ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^r=0/62 .ﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/024 ، ^r=0/26) ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ

p=0/029 ،) ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ،ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ (^p=0/029 ، ^r=0/66) ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻭ (^r=0/66 ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .(^p=0/029 ، ^r=0/66) ﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ (^p=0/029 ، ^r=0/66) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ :ﻢﻴﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ

(^p=0/00 ، ^r=0/81) ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ (^p=0/007 ، ^r=0/45) ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ (^p=0/00 ، ^r=0/32) ﻲﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻭ (^p=0/003 ، ^r=0/87) .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ

p=0/004) ﻲﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ (^p=0.00 ، ^r=0.54) ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ (، ^r=0/54 ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ (^p=0/00 ، r=0/56) ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ (^p=0/002 ، ^r=0/65)

p=0/003 ،) ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ (^p=0/004 ، r=0/75) ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (r=0/64 ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/02 ، ^r=0/41) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ (^p=0/00 ، ^r=0/63) ﺭﺎﻛ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ (1965) ﺰﻣﺍﺩﺁ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ (^p=0/029 ، ^r=0/66) ﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ (^p=0/029 ، ^r=0/66) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ [4].ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ .(ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺁ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ

(7)

ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ .ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻻﺩﺎﻋ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻴﻟﻭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺭﺩ .(5 ﺯﺍ 3/8) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﻭ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ . ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ. ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ . ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻢﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ [16،17،21،22]

ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ

ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﭼﺎﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺷﻭﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺩﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ

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Journal of Health Administration

Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in the Hospital Staffs;

Medical University of Isfahan (MUI)

Yaghoubi M.¹ / Saghaian Nejad S.² / Gorji H.A.³ / Norozi M.⁴ / Rezaie F.⁵

Abstract

Introduction: Implementing justice is a basic and nature need for human being. That always pro- vided affordable back point for human development. Justice theories has developed parallel human Societies; and moved from philosophy theories and religions to experimental researches. Organi- zational Justice is a predictor for many variables in organization; Including organizational commitment, its dimension, and Job satisfaction. This study was aimed to review the relation between organizational Justice, Job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in the hospital staffs of MUI.

Methods: This is a descriptive, relationship study; the research sample is staffs of selected hospital in MUI. Data are collected through a questionnaire; and analyzed using SPSS soft ware.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of organizational justice score were (3/45+1/1), organizational commitment (3/05+1) and job satisfaction (303+0/7).There was a statistical relation between organizational justice and organization commitment; and between organizational justice and job satisfaction.

Conclusion: Justice is a basic need for human being. Today’s importance of justice in organizations and social life is evident. So the organizations must be start research about this concept.

Keywords: Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Organization Commitment

Ph.D. Student of Health Services Management, Researcher of Health Management and Economic Research Center, Isfahan University of 1.

Medical Sciences, Corresponding Author ([email protected])

Associate Professor of Educational Planning, Director of Health Management and Economic Research Center, Isfahan University of 2.

Medical Sciences