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Evaluation of pain assessment tools intensive care units

Mohamad Abbasi

¹

, Ph.D Reza Norozzade

²

, MSc

* Bahman Aghai

³

, MSc Ali Maarefvand

⁴

, MSc Mohammad Nategh

⁵

, MSc Yaser Saaid

⁶

, MSc

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was a review on common pain assessment tools which are used in critical care units.

Background. Pain is an unpleasant physiological and psychological feeling and a complex phenomenon which is common among patients in critical care units. Nowadays, the importance of pain is to the extent that the American Pain Association named it as the fifth vital sign. Pain relief is an important issue to improve patient outcomes in the intensive care units. Accordingly, nurses must be sensitive in precise pain assessment.

Method. In this review article, six pain assessment tools were selected based on the keywords "pain", "pain relief", and "pain assessment tools" from the databases Ovid, PubMed, Cochran, CINHAL, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar .

Findings. Among articles on pain assessment tools, 40 articles were selected. There are six common pain assessment tools used in critical care units including Critical Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), behavioral pain assessment tool (FLACC), Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS), Pain Assessment and Intervention Notation (PAIN) algorithm and Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool (NPAT) which are used in adult and pediatric patients with verbal impairment and for painful procedures.

Conclusion. According to the importance of pain management in intensive care units, nurses must partic- ularly apply valid tools for pain assessment to facilitate healing process and use of pain medications proper- ly.

Keywords: pain, intensive care, pain assessment tool

Review Article

1 Assistant professor, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

2 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Master of Science in Critical Care Nursing, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (*Corresponding Author) E-mail: [email protected]

4 Master of Science in Critical Care Nursing, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 Master of Science in Critical Care Nursing, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6 Master of Science in Critical Care Nursing, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran