Online ISSN: 2382-9931
Journal of Water and Irrigation Management
Homepage: https://jwim.ut.ac.ir/
University of Tehran Press
The Effect of Natural Biochar Application on Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity in Spinach
Jaefar Nikbakht1 | Shaghayegh Vaziri2 | Taher Barzegar3
1. Corresponding Author, Department of Water Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
2. Department of Water Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail:
3. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail:
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article type:
Research Article
Article history:
Received 23 November 2022 Received in revised form 18 June 2023
Accepted 24 June 2023
Published online 12 October 2023
Keywords:
Fertigation Fertilizer levels Soil improver
Yield and yield components
Current research was carried out as a pot experiment in order to investigate the effect of different biochar levels (zero (Bi0), one (Bi1) and two (Bi2) percent of soil mass) and nitrogen fertilizer (from the urea source) (zero (F0), 150 (F150) and 300 (F300) kg/ha) on spinach (cv. Viroflay) yield and fertilizer productivity. The experiment was done from September 2021 to January 2022 as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the research greenhouse of agricultural faculty of Zanjan University. Fertilizing was done as fertigation in three splits with an interval of 10 days. Results showed, using one and two percent biochar were significantly increased means of leaf chlorophyll index 15% and 34% (respectively) and leaf area 14% and 34% (respectively) compared to the control treatment. In F150 and F300 treatments compared to F0, means of leaf chlorophyll index increased 64% and 110% (respectively) and leaf area increased 30% and 58%
(respectively). Based on the results of interaction effects, maximum mean of petiole length, fresh and dry mass of plant and fertilizer productivity were achieved in Bi2-F300 treatment (respectively 6.1 cm, 10.1 gr and 24.0 kg/kg).
Based on the research results, biochar application in soil is suggested to increase fertilizer productivity which reduces the harmful effects of using chemical fertilizers on the environment.
Cite this article: Nikbakht, J., Vaziri, Sh., & Barzegar, T. (2023). The Effect of Natural Biochar Application on Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity in Spinach. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 13 (3), 755-768.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/jwim.2023.351415.1033
© The Author(s). Publisher: University of Tehran Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.22059/jwim.2023.351415.1033
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Homepage: https://jwim.ut.ac.ir/
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Texture
b s OM K Na Ca N EC
(%) (gr.cm3) (%) (mg.kg1) (%) (dS m. 1) pH
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Table 3. Variance analysis of evaluated traits in spinach Source of
variances df Plant Fresh mass
Plant dry mass
Petiole length
Chlorophyll index
Relative water content
Leaf area
fertilizer productivity
Rep 3 0.1ns 0.01ns 0.3ns 9.5ns 33.3ns 7.5ns 0.01ns
Biochar 2 18.1*** 0.2*** 5.9*** 316.2*** 118.3ns 282.8*** 0.8***
Fertilizer 2 77.7*** 0.96*** 27.4*** 1776.3*** 53.0ns 575.3*** 3.4***
Fer×Bio 4 1.8** 0.04* 0.9*** 4.0ns 41.7ns 6.4ns 0.1**
Error 24 0.3 0.01 0.1 4.2 91.3 6.9 0.01
CV (%) - 10.3 15.5 9.2 5.9 14.2 8.5 10.3
ns: no significant; *, ** and ***: significant at 0.1%, 1% and 5% respectively.
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Figure 1. Effect of biochar treatments on chlorophyll index in spinach
Figure 2. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on chlorophyll index in spinach
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