! " # $ % &
' () :
+,- . / 0 1
*!+
,- . / -
*!+
10 &!1 23 . 5 67 89
23
: " 23"- 5 :
: 6 / 9 / 92
% &
: 27 / 1 / 93
% '2
<27 3=
:
* +
* , - . / 0+
* 12 3 12 4 +
%. / 5
+ 6 - 6 ,5
78 9+
%. / +
*
: 50+
4+ 11; 4 .
: =4
> ? :11
@ A 3 3 B 4 * 24 >A,
A1 * AC AD 6
4 + 5 %. / +
.
*>
: 9 E F : G B
1392 . * 12 0+ + H1I % 9+
1 J 5J K 4A
. 13 AH
5B 5
* H
@ 85 =4 + 5 * 12 9 D % 9+
@ 24 3 / * 9+ 341B 9A M
* A NO P A
H5B 2 Q .
* + RDS
* / .
9 M 7
*
* H 9D1 5T B 95 * A+
KA1 J 3/
A .
% KA1 J * A5J AH1I
H5B 4 .
7 !1 - : 9 3 0U 9 E F :
* 4 2 V 85B W 6 9I
4 + . : %. / > ? +A
1+ X A : A Y 4 J *
* 5 * E %. / * +
3 . 4I . : 9 3 W * K
: 4 U 9 3
* + .
=!5 : *=?
Z B +
@ 3 24 I I 3 B 4 * +
4 + 5 %. / 5 * >,
3 2 - > ?
%. / : * J 3 9+
>, 1 * C [ \ B 4 Q 1] J D 6
. 0+
4A A %. A / > ? A
9
*
9F1M 4 + 5 %. /
* 4 D K10^
.
2= + ?@.
:
=7 A . %
B5.
3!C
*>
27.
D E '=+
. !& F= &
+ _J+ + :1E 5
4 +
(Evidence Based
Medicine: EBM) 9
* 1980
b * N1
XB 3/ + I [1W 3 D 6 2 XB 5^
4 2 4D Q * c 3 )
1 (.
K 1990
f
5 + 4 9+
B . M *
%. /
B B 3 0S J 1]
T Q . 4 U
4 + G B f
*4 4S . M
*
%. / P
4 1 + 3/
+ : KW + 9I 6 E F
4 5
1 B * 9 + 778 * 5I -1
2 - 5B %. / 778 * 5I
3 - B * 9 + 778 * 5I *
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
4 . M *
%. / 9
8+ ] K1 J 3/
6NT 4 _ +
> I FT 4 T 4 1H1I
%. /
, 4 ) 2 (.
9+
3/ G G B 1998 * N1
I Y H %. / :D
(Association for
Medical Education in Europe: AMEE)
4
* %. /
+ 9 * : 50+
4
(Best Evidence Medical
Education: BEME)
4 2 h F )
3 (.
+BEME
K1 b 0 9I
* C 3/
. B B 3 0S
i4 + + . 5B
*?
* [ 58 . M
* %. /
+ H5B . - 4 + 40 .
:
j O 4 / H5B . : 50+
4 K10^
2 .
=4
k : 0 l
m H5B . : 50+
4 9+
* S H5B . 6 - 78 f1D7
* 12
* . / B
+ 41E DM . 6 E F
*
- 4 9I . 1
3 + I n ,
[ 58 3 0S B
%. / 5
: 50+ + 4
4 4 I
.
*4
9I XB
BEME
/ 4
910 * D
4 * +
>, . / 41 B
bDI 4 I 4 5+
.
. /
% +
* 6 - 78 9+
DB Y 4 5
+
: 50+
I M 4 4 I
) 2 (.
%. / G M 9+
5 1+ 4 41E * + S 5I M b )
4 (.
pI T ) 2012 (
%. / 5
+ 4 6 W 9+
» j1H
>
9 M
* + : 50+
4 + f1D7
* 12
+
* J 9
*
%. /
« [ I 9+ i B ,5
%. / 5
+ 4 9+
: B 9I
* 9 +
% 1 6 1 D . /
* + 4
5 + 1
j1H 3/
+
@ 3 B 4 .
pI T + b
:5^
s
%. / ]
%. / 5
+ 4
I&5 9I
64 Z 4
m B
* +
%. / ]
, YpB 4
>, K
* 4 % 3
Y 4 9 +
* B . /
1 9S
Q
2 ) 5 (.
) 2011 ( 1 b b1 D5^1B
+
0H
%. / 5
* 5B 4 +
%. / 5
+
4 9+
6 W
» + I 9 4 D
: 50+
4
* +
f1D7
* 12 +
* P 9+
* . / K+ Q B 5B
3 * +
« [ D B 41I 4 I 9I :
f1D7 12 4 + * 5B %. / * *
9S 9+
* 5J
%. / 5T B X
. / 9t8
%. /
* 5B ]/
%
* u T
4 . /
%. /
2?
* 3
X X1J
* 12 1 9 +
*
B B ) 6 (.
. M
*
%. / 41 B
>,
* [ 58
. /
? 1E
4 I 6 H *
K+ Q 9-MN
* :1+
%
* 3 /
* H
>,
: . M S
. 41 B
>, . / T
%
H5 3/ 4
v D + I D + 1 + Q
* w
+
* + 6 ,5
%.
* T M O
9 +
* . / * I
4 I ) 7 (.
>
6 0 9 M
* B 41 9 1 .
* 9+
3 / D5 9+
YH +w I 4
R 9I 5^S +9
* 12 I 4
6 E F . M
*
%. / 1E
9I
v D
* + f1D7
* 12 T * Iw 4 I : B
9I » 4 2 +
f 9I G B B H5B
«
) 8 (.
* H
>, . / 1
4
>,
?
. 1 4 9+
D f1D7
* 12 +
* 6 -
78 6 ,5 4
= J 9+
%. / )
2 (.
. 5^2 [1O b %. / 4 h FB 51+ G W + 5 4 78 4 , 6 -
* 6 E F 1 6 E F
6 E F 0 + 9D
Q 4 - * .
+ 4 : 2 9
H1O 6 W
K - 4 Q 95 2
* :1 :
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
f1D7 3/ xFB
* 12 +
* 6 - 78 4 ,
* + * 12 f1D7 3/ xFB : v + Zy 4 - 6 E F 4 + 4 . P : 50+ 9I B
) 7 (.
b K 4 4 + 5 %. / : + + 3/ = O b 9I 4 + . / * 12 f1D7 . H1O
78 4 , + 5 %. / 4W 4W
(Opinion-Based
Education)
3 4+ * 12 f1D7 9I B 41H 4 9 2
4W K+ , = O 4 + 5 %. / 4W
(Evidence -Based Education) Z B + * 12 f1D7 9I
4 + I 41H 4 )
9 (.
3 D b1 )
2010 (
. K, 9+
3 6 B b M O
3 I z8 G
.v 6 11; 4 9 , + . j1,J *? 5B 1; l 5 + . KM 3 9+ 6 1
l 9 2
* + 9 -
4 I 3 %. / 4 * 12 I
) 10 (.
G B
* 1T 0H
%. / 5
+ 4 95
*
[ 58 3
? 9+
A * A 95
h AF * 5B 4A
:A 5AB A E F A1
A
95 &
B . 9+
A] AB + 9A+ 9A E F bA 9A D 3 A
4A, A A+ 4 A A+ 5 . / * % A2 9A5T A 3 A XB 6v , A+ 5 %. / 64 I * 2 + 9I B
K 9+ 4 9A 4,5 + A . A 4A A * ]
3 4 >
) 11 (.
9A E F l A5
* A
* A+
3 A1H1I + 4 + 5 % 9+ 1E + %. / 1]
+ 9I B 3 D1+ . Q 9
A 5 %. / * 12 I
>A * A, {AS 1E A+ * A A Q 4 A + 3 1E + * Q 6 0 )
12 (.
,1,J A KA 4 A + 5 %. / 0H
]
+ 3/
9 AB 9A5 2 AQ 9A E F H1I 6 W )
13 (.
AH1I A ? :1 U f @ A
. * 5AB 3 A B
) 1 (.
%. / - 9I P c : 4A . 1
^1 |1 B 11;
. 3 AB I [ 58 * 0
:AA * AA1 AA %. AA / } AA+ 3 . AA 9AA - 9A + A . / * I . B 9I 4 - ~ H P c -
B * %
A 1 c Y 4 %. / *
4 5^1 9 S 3 . * . 1 * + S 9 2 G D
4B - 9+ * c * ~ .v 6 MNW .
%. A / 3 A 9A+ A 4 %. / 3 9+ 5B 4 12 9I 4 K1 . / f5^1B . D0 2 A . / = 4A * AS 4A / G I 0S 9+
+ 5 %. / * 12 K D0 >, 4 4
. A+
4 A A+ 5 %. / u 7T 4J 6 E F S I
|1 b . : 6 E F 9+
* AC *4A1 I >A,
1 %. A / D 6 4 A A+ A 5
9A5T p AB
.
. 2/
@ AB A 3 6 I *41
%. AA / 4AA / AA12 9AAI AA
4AA AA 4 5AA^
B * AC >, 6 A1
A+ A 5 %. A / AD
2 RQ 41H 4 .
: + + :
9 E F =4A A+
:1A1
* C >, 6 1
A D
%. / 4 + 5
9 + -
*
@ I 6 B 4 A 3 A
A 3 A
4 .
$ "
9 E F
* M c G B G 9D1 1392
&
. jA1,J :A 9 9+ 9S +
9 1 .
* 9A+
>A, A 3 A 41 AB •
* C 6 1 + 4 + 5 %. / D : + A +
AA AAH1I jAA1,J % . AA5J KAA1 J
AAH1I *
Ananlysis Content) (Qualitative
4AA H5AAB .
KAA1 J
> ? 5J 9+ 2
G [ I j ,M . :5 B
.
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
3 1+
XB 4 I
3 24 I B 9I O 3/
> ? 2
4 I j ,M
. :5 9I
KW M 9 M A7
*
j1D + I I 3 24 AB V 85AB 4A D
bA
{E Q D B K+ Q f0 :1
G M 5 G AW A+
D 9+
3 9A€
i4A D A 9A+
3 A >A 9A
6 E F
*4 + 5M 9 +
*
* + 4 / H5AB
Q 4 12 ) 14 (.
D % . 9 D @ 85 * + 9 E F : * 12 9
4 D 4
(Sampling Purposive) 4 2 H5B
. :
%
9 D
* 12 + Z B
* 1
9+
9 E F
9+
6 W 4 341B
9+
P 9
4+
) 15 .(
c M > ? 41 B :1+ . 3 24 I I
:Dc 9I 4 4 @ 85 9,+ B :5
* G Q K+ Q
Y 4 9 1 . * 12
* 4 + 5 %. /
* 1 + 6 NO
* 9 *41H 4 + . : + + 4
13 * C . H 6 1
D 5
3 . H
RDS 0S 41E * /
k * 4 4 9 E F X
.
. 9 M 7 j O
*
* H j1D 9D1 4 5T B
+9 B 4 / . B + 9 M 7 DB S :5^ * + 6v
I P
9 M 7 + : + j,J B 4
4, = O * + K 3 9I 4 * O 4 + . + 9 M 7 B
v X . + 6 +
B G > ? W
B 1- . k/ . 6v
4 :
» HFE 24 T
4 + 5 %. / :1B 4 >, 3 1+
41 H+
« » / 41
9+
* T 78
u 7T 9
4 + 5 %. / 3 1+
•41 I
«.
9
* + K I 34 9 M 7 B
+ 9+
* k Z B +
‚B P
* I 3 24 I
B 6v 9 .
. 9 M 7 GNT B
I 6v
K1 Q .
» + 3 5B ^M 41 + G ƒ 9
41 I 3 1+ = H 6 W / • + 9U D KD E Y
* 5 1+ x1c 41
: 3 - / •41 4+
9I B ...
• « 4 2 H5B .
D
:5 9 M 7 +
. S
* * + 3 24 I I
MP3
Recorder
X c 4
Y . 9 M 7
91 I
*
JW 3 4+
fI + 9D I 9+ 9D I 6 W 9+ B I
Q XB K I j,J
+
*
&k I 1 * + 4
Q . 3 1DO G 7M I
: 4 U 9 M 7 +
* . +
98^ + 4
* 9^ , 5 4 2
. 9 9+ 9S +
3 9^ , + * 4J 6 NO . 41 B
4 + T + j1,J P c u 7T + X, : + +
5
H . 3
0S 4 9 M 7
k 6 NO 13
41 B . H 4 4 9 E F
.
. 4 + 18
P K1E 9+ 9 M 7 4
D T * / RDS 4 4S 4I V 85B 9
. 9^ S
*
4M 3 24 I I . b + 9 M 7 40
E 60
G O 9+ 9,1Q 41
.
* + 9
K1 J .
. K1 J
* 5J
H1I + 0+
* 12 . % T U D5^ K1 J
(Constant Comparative Analysis) 5 I 6 + 5B
(Streubert & Carpenter)
4 H5B .
4D :
K1 J * + 9 M 7 . KW M 78 *
12 Q H5B )
15 (.
K1 J 0S f
3 . +
RDS
* / 2
9I n
+
B G
> ? 4 +
* &24I 4 4
) G z18 (.
4 +
. 9 M
*
* &24I 91E
3 . B 4 4
: 4+
J 9I
* 4I 95B 9+
*4 + 9WNT 4 4
6 , O 78
Q 4 5 2 ) z18 G
(.
0
6 , O KW M . 9 M
* Q + Z B 9+
95B
*4 +
4 4 : 6 , O : 4 U + 6 , O
9+
4 k 4 4 I + f :5 &2 6 , O
K+ Q f1D 3
9 +9 B 4 / ) B z18 (.
* +
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
JW J5B
0U 1 5
(Credibility)
& 41
*
(Confirmability)
D5 1 + Q
(Dependability)
1 + Q G ,5
(Transferability)
- 4
Q 2 ) 15 ( . 1E , 5
+ 41 JW
* 6 3 1+
4 XB I
3 24 I z178
3 . I
* + RDS
* / M
:^
n + 3/
9 M 7 3
*
@ 85 4 XB I
3 24 I
z785 b + :1 U f
H1I 6 ,1,J
^1 4 . 4 4 9+ j,J *4 DQN
*
j1,J KM D 9O + 6 4 5^ „HM 9 E F G B :5 9 M 7 9+
D 4I O KW M 6 , 4
* + 4 U
\
* . + 3 /
9 3 S
K1 J .
:1DC K 4 I
*
* & 41 + l 5
. 1 + Q D5
6 ] +
1 3 I 9 M 7 P B
Q f
3 D 1 Q
9+
* + 91 I
* I 3 24 I f
4 2 :5
9 M 7 4I
6 , O V 85B 4
9+
41
* 4 . I 3 24 I 41B
. 0 1 + Q
j O . 1 95 G ,5 [1W * + j,J %N B
* 9 1 . 3 D f n ^
* + 6 CQ + .
3 4 2 KW M .
0S 6
QNT K Q
.
RDS
* / I 91 I
3 24 I P c 9+ ^
= 4 j1,J :Dc 4 91S K I O 9+
{ S
, 3/
^ 9+
X c 9 M 7 {^I
3 1DO
9 J 34
9 M 7
* ./
3/ 15T
* +
I j1,J V T
. 3/
* C :1 U f
c 9+
O 2/
9 9 M 7 Q
4 5 2 .
+ 3
? A c M >
A 13 H A C A 1 * A D 6 5
H A
* A A
I
4 5 . . A 1 J 9 A K A * 1,J A j 4 3 A 9
W A (Theme)
14 9 3 .
, O 9
(Subtheme) 4
4 2 4 .
9 3 K
»
:> ?
%. /
« »
* :1+ X+
« »
%. / Y 4 J «
»
3 * + * 5 * E
«
+ ) G 4S 1 (.: 2J 1 : A . K65 > L >* % 6CM*- (. 7 -
% =7 27. *> 3!C
- (.
6CM *-
%
K7 N
*1 G=> O>.
P- 2 *&C
- B5. .*> !1 QD.
9F1M > ?
*
* 12 Y 4 5 4 * 5^S . /
6 0 1 6 - . G ,5B * 12 f1D7 * 6 -5 :11 ,5 n ƒ * 12 S 9+ > G
1E + %. / KD + * … k 78 * + % 11;
+ 3 1 c j1Q K1 J >8+ ] 9
4 4S * 1 * 12 I
. /
9 ^M ~NT 5178 * 2? QNT * 9 M * 5
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
- 1 : K7 N
1+ 9 3 : . / * 1E > ? 1D
1 * C A1, AD 6 /
A 3 A+ A 5 % A /
: 50+
B 4 . 9F1M * A A ? /
A :1AB 4 AB B * >, [ \ S h AF
B E 3 24 I I
> ? : 3 {B 5 +
41 B * *4 D P ADS . AM 9B :
A-
5 4 .
@ 3 24 I I . I M
9I + 3/
> ?
%. / * C >, : ]
6 1 %. A / AD
4 + 5 4A + A
. :A 9A 3 A+ KD5A
. A
, O 6
9F1M > ?
»* . /
«4 A * 5A^S
»* 12 Y 4 5
«+ .
/D.
( E=S K7 N :
24 3 24 I I
> ? 3
1 * C 9I
+ D 6
3/ 9I T ? * >, =NT n
. / 9F1M 4 D 4 95 + 6 ,5 9+ * + 4 H5 %
78 9 + * S M O T w * 1 + Q
I . / * 4 I
. 3/
K k P c : .
4 . 1 T . / >, 50+ 9U * H * + 9I 4 5^
5 4 9 , D5^ * 5^S > ? 4 +
.
C 9I 4 + + : + 3 41 B 5 1+
6 1
9F1M 9B 5^ + D
* . /
: j,J 4 + 95 + T D ? & 3 > ? T *4 D 0+ + W 1 f0 + 4 T .
. 9AF1M Z 4A 3 A 9A+ 9I 3 24 I I
*
z78 1 %. / A5 :A 9+ 41I +
9AI 9
9F1M v D :1B 4
* . / 9AF1M B 9+ ^
D * A [1 Ac A A0\ 4A
:
"
41 AB 4A 4 A |1A 9F1M v D
AD b * 4 1 1E + > ? . M 7778 1E
PhDM E 4 + 95 .
*
4 5^ [1 c . / * > ? . / .
9A+ : 4
fA + * 9A M A bA 778 + G H 3 4 %. / Z 4 b 3 9+ 3 E
* + AT
f
"
5B 1 . + B 4 1D 9+
3 A+ . 9+
AC b 6 A1
. AM 9AB A A A AD
/
I 3 ? .
:
"
%. A / 4 + :
f 8+ 2 %. / : I if 4+ %. / f 5+ f 1 + f 4A+ A 1 > ? 4 + 9 . 9+ T %. A / * A . AM A 1E : P D 0
. AM : 9I 4 4 T : 9+ > ? A1 3 A
f + 95 * 50+ D
"
5B 3 . A0\ 3 .
I :
"
9F1M 4 + 4Q 3/ Z 4 5B b
* A ?
f1DA7 * A+ A 5 4 A 3/ j O . 9I 4 + 4 D A12 I 9+ 4, 5^S T . / * 12 .
"
* 2 . H2
:
3 5 41 B
»4 5^ 2
A . / 2 > ?"
* A 5 . A,5 9A+
* C 3 + Q D 3 5B . 6 1
9A + D
9A A0S 9A+ AE AB D0 %. + *? 5B b D S * 9 + B A 3 A 9+ : + +
*4 D 0+ * + 4 + 41 B *
. 4 5A 3 1+ 3
9I :
"
C b 3 9+ 4 + 6 1
[\ Q D D
A . / 6 4AT 7 l B x W G . 9I f5^
?
f 4+ 9 B 4A + 9I B : G
A f AI 4A, 5A^S A 5 4 A 9 U I >E/ 4 E M
•f D 5 4 41E
"
5B 12 . .
* C 9 3 1+ + 3 6 1
9A I * D
*
9F1M 4D * Q ?
* 3 A T A778 95A
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
. M 4 5^ 4 D
* %. A / > ?A Y 4A
4 2 4 4 * J :
"
†E A+ 9I fB * 5B :
+ 80 , + E ? 9E 9
6 A E F 9A KA1E
9F1M
* 9AF1M 9A B % T 778 95
* A . /
AT G A,5 3 A1+ 6 4AQ Z ZNAI B ND : + + +
Q . / ‡ JE . 4 B [1 c
"
* 3 .
T ( *=? - P- 2 *C! 27. !"J :
. 24A
24 I I 5A^S 3 5AB W [ \ . 3
* 12 Y 4 * 9HE 5 4 . 2/
0\ P c : 9+ 9S :Dc 41 B . B :
"
3 A KAƒ A 1;5 + { k 5B b 3 9+
3/ 5178 * 2? [ \ :A f5^ 9S
F u A7T :A :A >A 6 A NO 9I B
B KQ 4M
"
5B 5 . H2 * 5B :
"
T
4A / 9A+ n + 6N . 8+ 4 * 4 I KM Y 4 .
4 T 4 . 1 :1, O 9+
A5J 4 . AB Y 4A 3 A A % 9A+ n + 2 X f1 + * 1
"
5AB 2 . A+ 3 A . A
H2 * 12 X T 1D + 41I :
"
Z 4A b
3 A7785 3 AB 6 A E F . {A AO 9A+ 4 + 0+ * 12 . / 9A+ :A 9I B * 1U : 4
f A1+ T * 5B D 5DI b 3
"
* 1 . I 0\ 3 5B .
:
"
. A2/
3/ + I . / 5 4 Y 4A * A %
9 1 .
* 4A D A f A 3 A j1D * 12
"
5B 7 . - 2 :
*1 G=> O>.
: 3 9 1+
2?
* AD0 AB A+ 9AI 9 KA1E
*v + 1D A 5AB :1+ K + X K
+9 41 B XB 4 + 5 %. / 1 / 1, * 12 I * 4 I :11 >,
. : 9 3
* W A+ KD5
6 A, O .
A * A12 f1DA7 * A 6 A-5 :1A1
»«
6 0 1 6 - . G ,5B
»«
ƒ * 12 S
»n
«9+ > G ,5
» «+ .
/D.
( 7 * =? U= V 3C %. W!5. G==C :
I A
f AH • 5A • P Ac 1D > ? 3 24 I 5B :1+
A+ 3 A * 12 A 3/ 1]
9I 4 Q T 6 1+
3 / * 95H2 . T +
. 4 :
5B 4 :
"
9AI 4A 4 A2/ 3 A G D O 9+
. A-5 9AU 1E A+ * X1J . / * ZNI 3/
. 3 A T 6 -5 = 4 . 9I B .v
KA I = HA 6 AW 9A+ 3 A / 6 A-5 + :1 U f f1B + • 5 • b 9+ f1 I JW
"
.
* 4 :
"
f5^ R F T 5B 6 -5 . 6 4 9+
10 3 + 4 . B K b X 9I K1E : 9+ 4 f 1+ D
"
.
5B 12 :
"
_A + A + 5B ,F D1DW X+
4D . :1 O 6 -5 1 H
"
.
5B 6 :
"
9I 4 DQN : * A12 f1D7 4
* A
3/ fAA x1AAc 3 AA 9AA+ AAT AA . / AA
4, * + f I j 6 A- :A f1DA7 4A1
T 6 0 1 4 9
"
.
T ( %. H3 B= %.*W5 . : C6! . :
KA+ Q A . A
9S
@ .v X 3 D f 3 24 I I
+ * 9
* A+ 3 A 6 A,5 6 0 1 6 - .
3 1+ 3 5B . :
"
. 4A + A 3 A 6 A-
3/ 6 - 9I 4 U f1 I G ,5B A X k 5 >1
4 + C5
"
5AB 13 . :A 4A I I A 3 A
AA AA+ 41 AAB XAA+ AA1H1I . jAA1,J 9AA+ 3
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
A1 Q 9AI 4A + A+ :A A+ 4 5A 4 *4 T 9AA 1 . * 12 AA
* * AA+ .v AA
9
* 6 0 AA 1 6 AA-
D f 3 A A0\ i4 +
:
"
:1A+
9 AW 3 41 B
* . AC + AS * A .
v A+ A 1T A S 3 T 41 B . 4A 1+ A *
9 .
* A : + A + 4A I 3 9+ *
4 S ,5 - 3 1+ * +
"
* A 2 . A
H2 :
"
ƒ5B 9+
* 91,+ 1E + _M T +
*
bA XA+ bA * 12 A Y 4A 4 / + fI M X+
W 9 O 5AB = AO .
AB
"
* A 5 . * 5AB
1 . G ,5B :Dc A
* AI 3 A1+ 3 A A - :
"
. S 6 - f + 9D 4 4+ - 3 f
f1 + >E U 9+
AB N B 9 1D A G
‚AB G A 9A+ 3 T f I 3 : w 4 + {B
"
5B 3 .
X ( L B5 * YCZ *=? - J -.
: . 24 I
:1 U f n C *. B 9 1 . 3 24 I >A, 34 m &2 1] K . ƒ * 12 S
A+ 41 B * :1+ X+
. AH2 * 5AB :
"
f A * A+
X1J ƒ * 12 S 3 D . / *
:1A+ 4A + A
41 B AQ + n A A+ AD 9 O K 3
4 +
"
5B 9 . AI h AF :1 U * 5B :
"
A AB
+ A A * + u T * % G D + f I n A
9^ S
* 24A I 95A^T 5T A AE M . A . /
. B V T
"
5B 11 . 1 3
: 9+ T 6 1+
* AC ƒ * 12 S 34 f 9I 4 I 95 3/ n AA 4AA I AA {AA1k * 12 AA 9AA+ AA
. . AA
AAH2 u AA7T :AA 3 AA :
"
* AA AA1 Q
{1k * 12 9+ n D1DW . / A
5AAB 9AA+ n AA+ 51 Q AA :1AA U 3 AAD f AA AAB
"
* 1 . I 0\
:
"
E A+ %. A / 1
A 4A DQN * 12 A 9A+ 9I * 1U 4A I
n A
AB 4A . 5B :1+ *4 DQN D1DW
3/ + 2
* 12 9+ *4 DQN 4 + 95
:1+ .
"
* 3 .
( : 6!5.
>* K5.
A1H1I &2 1] . 9+ > G ,5 . 9AI AB 41 AB * A :1+ X+
24A A @ A
4 / 3 3 5B
. 3 24A I I A . AT +
4 I 0\ 9 2 : :
5B 10 :
"
>A AD G A,5 W [ \ .
9+
* =4A :A B 3 9+ T 4 95T 4
9 B
* * 6 0 :1 U f 5B :1+ K
4+ j,J 5B * :1+
"
.
* 1 :
"
ZNAI A 5B :1+ 4J X+
> . *4 0+ ^1 I 6 1+ G ,5 * + Z 41 B 6 1+
9 B
* . V AT D1DAW KA bA
B & 3 Z ZNI
"
.
* 5 :
"
95^ D G ,5 * + 5 k 41 B ƒI
.F A :1A U 9AI AU 4A 4 T 78 * 9+
B * Q * :1+ X+ b 4 . 1
"
.
- 3 : P- 2 *&C :
9A+ 9 3 :
3 A1 * AC f0 * >, .
AD 6
4 A + 5 %. / 4A A /
6 A, O A .
A11;
»78 * + %
«
KD + * … k
»«
%. A /
»8+ ] 1E + A
>
«
1 J
»A A1Q K A A1 c j A
A A 3
«+9
». / 4 4S * 1 * 12 I
«K 4
.
[E ( 11;
78 * + %
I I ,5 9+
A Q :1E 3 24 A
+ 5 %. / 4
9+ . / :1B 4 + 40 S % 11; 4
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
: 4 +
. : P c : 1D 41 B .
I h F 9 2 :
"
b B % 9+ 9I f I 6 9D
f1 4+ %. / 3 T G B 9I 3 D 9+ 4
f 4 %. / 3 T K Q * .
P c : f0
DS * * % 11; 4 + 5 %. / : 9I 4 + % : 9+ Q ,5 + :1 U f
D 11; * + .v 9 1 . 1 c A
f
2
"
5B 7 . + % 1D 3 .
4 I&5 5B 4 2
:
"
* 5B 2
9+BEME
M 1T 4 + 95 3 D KM b b 9+ 4
%. /
& + 1]
. G ,5 % : + 9I 4 + 4,5
K10^ . / {E F . / 1H1I 0
v + fI 1 . / * FT
"
* 3 .
0\ 41 B . :
"
. / % 9+ 4 +
: 9+ 4 + : f 4+ 1D 3/ 9+ 95 K I ,5 T + P c 4, / : . / 4 / % 9I fB + 9 15
1; 1QNT G 9+ D5^ O 9+ 9I B 51D 1
f + T . / %
"
5B 5 . 0\ * *
I :
"
9+ > 2 . / % 11; 9 M : 8B
BEME
% w 8 * + 41 B + % 11;
4 + . / 4 4S * * + T 41 B ƒI
.% . V T * + I YH 9+ D5 5 B *
9
*
4 4 1 . 4 + 5 %. /
"
* 2 .
T ( F > [ 9 . :
j1,J 3 24 I I
4A 1 4A A . / f5^1B S 6N . . 9AE , : 3 I 9U p 4 95^ KD + * … A %. A / 41 B W [ \ 4 A A+ A 5
D 4 . I 3 :1B 4 . :
"
f A8+ A2
f I h F Z D O 9+
KAD 9A - :1+ %. /
9 W b :A 9AI B *
5AB bA 3 A 9A+
jA O . 9A - I 9 W 3/ 4 + 4 + 5 %. /
f + 4 1 KD 9+
"
5B 12 . 5AB A 3 A1+ A * :
"
ZNI 9I E F A+ f1 %. / * … *
9 KA1E
3/ 34 * + I A % A R AB 1E A+ X
-
4 A+ A A 5 RAF, 9I . *
A AD 9S D %. /
"
5AB 1 . * AC . A
6 AA1 AAD / AA- AAW AA
AA %. AA
A 6 A0 % A >A A + 3 *4 D 0\ 95^
:
"
. /
4A 5+ 9AI B ]
* 12 [ 58 4 + 9B )
6 0 % >
( A11; 9A+
3/ + 05 3 24 12 5 . * AT + :DAc
I % .v 6 0 I >
6 0 : +
4 + 95 1 T * 9 M 5
"
5B 5
.
9AI 4 5 ,5 > ? : 4 I I 3 K1A7J G G AB 9AB 3 %. / + / 9 2 |1 *s E 1 9 RO , T
4 4 D1+ :1E + X A 0\ 3 .
:
"
95 9I + : f 24
* A+ G G AB 3 D .
E F K17J G G B 9B E / D1+ :1E + 9AU 9A+ 4A / A^1 A 9I Y 4 * + A KAD A * A… :1+ 9 W : T 4 T *
4 I w
"
* 4 . K A 3 .
T
%. / I 2. + :1 U : D
:
"
>8+
*
E + 1 f1A I AS 6 5AB 9AI 4A T . 5 1+
: 4A U 9I * … E F 9I f I Z ^M RQ C + %. A / AT 4 8 9+ RQ |1 4 T G B
AA 9 AAW
* AAB AA . AA 1T KAAD * AA… :1AA+
"
* 1 .
X (
\>*]. 3=D >
K : A I I A A 3 24 / A %.
1E + A 8+ ] A S 9+ >
A D 0 A / 3/ 1 A
%.
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
AA, A AA5^S + . AA+ >
A AA ; 4AA / 3/ 9 A
3 AA
A
\ . A C W [ A
1 * A D 6 A A 5^
A 4 .
2 5H A 9
* T + A . A 2 4 I I A
+ 3 A 9 A A A . h
4 + :
5B 3 :
"
B 3 . 4 1E + %. / 6v
4 40 B 4 + 9 + 41B 4 I 9I f1B p+ v
0S D1+ . 9I NO 4 I {1k B 6 9+ 4 9 B B 4 3 9I v
9 U 9I 4 I D 4 I * 9U + T : w 4 + 9
+ * 9U 9+ ‚B G 4
"
.
5B 8 :
"
^ f I B 9^ S K 9E
* *4 +
3 . f I h F 9^ S 9I f T
4 + *
3 T 6 - 4 I 9
K1D {E F 1 :
f I *4 + RDS
"
.
* 4 :
"
B : 1E + X1J 6N .
9+ D1+ b 9+ n + D 4 B 41 B 9I : D k 9 . K k 4 %. /
4 6 ...
S 4 U b 9I 4 + 50+ 4 9
* f0
f 1 + D1+ *41 I
"
.
5B 11 :
"
* 12 A * A 1 Q 5^ + 1E +
%. /3/ jA O :A . A 4A I f 3 * + A
ABNI X1AJ 95 2 f1 H 6 0 > 4 5+
AI 9A+ 3 AD1+ 3 A A Q X A 1E + X1J 4 4 +
"
. * 1 :
"
f A *4A D 9A+ 9AS + B
9F1M
* A^ :A 9A+ 5AB 1E + 4A D &A2 1E
. A+
^ * &2 A , 1E A+ %. A / 6 - G D 1E
"
.
( - B5. Y= ^ _=` F= &
: 9S + A 24 9+
A
@ I I A 3 24 :
? A
>
A . A \ A [
*4 D K1 J 4 + 5 %. / 41 B W * 3 24 12 1 c j1Q
4 + . :A 3 24A I I
A > ? A
9
* * Ac * A T. A+
u 7T 95^ %. /
9
* 9U
4AJ KA . AT + 9A+ 4 5A K D . + 3/ 5 1+
4 95 1 3/ 4 I .
1D + 41I + 41 B .
9
* 9+ 3 9+ T. + R
A 9
* A1 T. A+
4 2 95 :
5B 4 :
"
9
* D5A^ T. +
+ 9+ RQ 9+
. A D A ƒ 6 A , _
9
* A2 A D1+ + T + X k 6 .
A 9
*
A * A+ 3 A . : A A I 5M RQ 9+ T. + 3 A A . 4A AE B * c f0 * A P Ac :A * A+ 3 9+ * 12 * X1J
4 +
"
. 5B 13 :
6 5 . 3 2/ B 4
95A^ 0 / %. / * + B R 3 9+ 3 T AAH2 :
"
3 AA T 9AAI 5AA . * AA1U AA . >1AA+ AA f 12 f I B .
{AB * A . A
x1JAW A 9I f1 8+ 3 T . 9I B : I 5 4AI 9I 4 I z8 I B T
4AA I KAD A50+ 4AA T A A
"
. A 3:
. AA
3 1+ 1 3 :
"
T. A+ 5B . 6 4 9+ :
* T. + f 2 f I : 9+ DI 4 I 9
4 I D
"
. T. A+ R .
0\ 9 2 : :
A 4 :
"
41 AB P A 24A
AA 3 AA AA . / * AA % AA AA 3/ [AA 58 *
RQ 9+ T. + 4A I A fAI ]
"
. . A
AAB 341AAB :1AAB 4 + AA . AA 4AA D 4 6v
4 I 0\ :1 U 95^ 3 * Gv45B :
5AB
6 :
"
* A Gv45B 9 , . 9 * + Z 4 b 3 9+
AB 4 + R F T * w f A + . v
4 6 NO 41B l 5 : 9+ 9 U 4 3 9I
• B I *4 + RDS * / RDS , O 9U 9+
"
. 5B
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
9 : * C .
6 A1 A AD AI 3
:
"
. KA Q
f . Ap+ 3 * Gv45B 4 + . 9+ 9 4A 3/ D x1JW . ƒ T. + 9€
4 H1+ 3 ^H 9+ D5 9+ I fI 3 + Fc .
"
.
( 2 -2J 7 = *=? >
: I A A- .
A A+ A 5 %. / 3 24 I 9AF1M 4
* A+ A
AƒI 9AI A . / 4A 4S * A 1A f1 H * ^ A n A AB 4 9 0 1 95 1 * I
* AC / E 6 A1
f1 AH :A A+ AD
3/ + I f0 b Y 4 . / * 9 +
4 + * c
. I D1 H 3 A :1B 4 XB 9
3/ 9+
. 4 5^ 6 B 4 :
A+ A 5 %. A /
6 0 %. / 4 + 5 4 O A *
A^ KAM . / 6 ^ S * 9 M %. A / 1E A+ 9E
9 E F * D .
41 AB * A G AQ KA, . A 4A 2
/ E u 7T 3 4A 4S f1 AH A+ 41 B
. 4 :
* 2 :
"
[A 58 * A 9AF1M D 9I * 7
5 4 . / : A50+ A+ 5 * & 5B 1B
5 4 + 1 4 A+ A5M A 41 AB . A 1T 9 HAB
4 A A+ 5 4 + 5 . / 0H 1 / 4 5^
"
.
5B :(
"
A f1 I B 4 + 5
* … J
* S %. A / 9+ 4 4, 5^
+ D1+ :1E + T * 95T / f1 9
4 1 + I
"
.
5B 13 :
"
9A+ A1 :A * + O * 6 0 P c
.v 2. 5B b 3 I A :DAc AB
. / * ZNI 3/ + /
:A A D AO 9A+ A
> AD 9A+ 3 AD1+ 3 A + T + 6 0 = O . & + + 1 . : D Y 4
3/
f I 1+ >1 410D
"
.
* 5 :
"
A+ 4A 1E + >8+ 9I *.
9 AW 6
f5 4 D / 1E + 6 0 . b |1 + D
"
.
5B 10 :
"
9+
* A2 9I 3 1E + %. / :
A+ 3 1E + * >8+
KA Q . * A
Case3/ . f1 I 9S 4 M O 4A I AB 9AI f1 A8+
z18 4 A KA1E AIw A+ T * A
4A I 9
1 3 T 3/ 5B 3 9+
D I
*
3/
,
^ KM + l 4 9+ 3 f1 9E
3 4 / 1E +
* A , 3/ *. I
4 I
"
. * 1 :
"
A A 1E A+ *. / AI RF, 5Q
5^ + A+ A 5 A * A… A G AW 3/ . K Q 4A + AI 9+ 3/ 1E + X f + 95T / 4
"
. 5B 7 :
"
1 . T + + I 4 + 5 . /
A5 AS + AT 9+ 9 E F * D Kƒ . / : * * 12 A * A % A+ A 5 % : B KAƒ G A
GDL
B
PBL"
.
- 4 : - B5. .* > !1 QD.
: :A 3
1+ 9 . * 9 D
6 HW B B 9I 41 A+
9 3 A
9 M * E b A [1AW QNT 5178 *
4A I .
9 3
* 3 * + * 5 * E A . A+ KD5
6 , O
* 9 M 5
»QNT
«
5178 * 2?
» «9 ^M ~NT
» «+ .
/D.
(
`8b. . 1*S !1 :
@ 3 24A I I A
9I + 3/ . I M AD 95A^S + 6 HAW . 9AI * 5AB
9A+ A D A5 4A + T + QNT * 9 M 41 AB AB 5M 3 * + 9I 4 + * 9 2 h F E b 3 9+ . / 3 I I .
. A
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
AT 3 + E >, . 41 B . 1T 9 3 1+ + :1B 4 0\ 4 5^1 R F :
5B 12 :
"
fA€ O 9+ 41 B
4A + : + + 4 Q 3 6 CQ 4 ˆ 9A M D * 2? 5 AT AQNT *
KA
4 + 95
"
. H2 * 5B :
5B 3 :
"
:A A78 :
9A+ 9AI * D5 K1E 9+ 3 9I I 9+ P c A^ . * 1A^+ 4 * 9A M AD 6N A K
4AA I AA h AAF AA AA+ AAT AA78 AA5M
"
. . bAA
3 1+ 1 3 :
3 :
"
A^ . A 1T :A K
95
* @ 5I . 12 f 5B D .
95 S
* AQNT * 9A M * E >,
AD1+ A+ :A A5 AB mA 95A^S + 1A^+ 41 B f 1+ 5B . 9I B * 5 3 D Z
"
.
T (
!=V\ 7 ?N- :
I 4 5A ,5 3 24 I
AA 9AAI AA+ 3 5AAB * AA T + AA 5 . * 1AA^+
6 HAW 9A . / * X1J 3 3/ 5178 -
* &A 1] A AB F A :A
f1,5A^ %. A / . {A 9+ 5 K1 Q : . 3 B 5 1+ M
AF * 5B
.AI h :
5AB 5 :"
:A
5A^ 4A + AD * A 5A^ A + N A 9+ ƒ * &2 1] 0S .v 5178 QNT
f + 95 1
"
.
H2 3 .
: * A 1 :
"
3 A * A+ A E bA 3 9+ 41 B . C + 9 178 6 0 9+ 4 h F 3/ 5
A A n A+
AB b 3 + E 9I U
"
. 3 A1+ * A * A
I : * 5 :
"
> A A^1 .v 9AI 41 B .
A 4 : + B T + D1+ * S + .
A- 9A+
^ 9 5B 5 : 5178 K
"
.
V ( 9 ^M ~NT :
E A B 3 + D0 % 41
A {^I * +
%.
A
% A * 5 A
9A M + X A2 *
A *
B QNT ^ D .
+ 3 5B . >, + 41I
A 41 AAB 3 A+ A E 3 AA1+ 3 A %. AA / 3/ 1]
: 5B 1 :
"
: . 9I . / . 8+
/ 4 I 9A+ n A+ AB 4 4 2 DB %.
3 A 9A+ A5M Kƒ * G Q : 5 D 9 ^M 5 * 2. B * & KDJ W * 45
4 +
"
. . 3
AI 3 A1+
: * A 4 :
"
. 3/
9 + 0 1^+ :JE + 41 B B * S 5B A+ 9 +
I JW : 9AS 9+ Kƒ f I %N :
* *v A+
fAAB + AAQNT AAD 1MNAAW
"
. AA AA
H2 : * 2 :
"
A + AD :A * 5AB .
KAƒ . / 4A + A :A * A E QNT * 9 M
@ 5B b 3
f + QNT + & 1E …^
"
.
45
=4 + 9 E F : A1 * C [ \ >, :11
6
3 A 24A . 4 A A+ 5 %. / D 41 B 4 2 M O
. . I AM 9 E F : * 95
AW K S 3 9+ %. / > ? 9I + 3/
4A + A 4 A + 5 %. / 41 AB
A
9F1M
* 9AF1M 9A+ A^ . / A ? A * A
4A I A AH >, : [1 c .
* AC 6 A1 AD
9AF1M 9AB A 5A^ +
* A ? A . /
+ 95 + T D W 1 f0 : j,J 4
A+ 4A T &A 3 > ? T *4 D 0+ + .
. 1^M V )
1392 ( %. / T 6 E F 1
9AI 4A1I P Ac :A 9+ 4 + 5 > ?A
>8+ A] * A AB =4A A+ %. / . / 9 T 4 * + ] jA O :A . &
1+ * 4 D 3 4 1 + 50+ 3 4 A
* 4A 1 0 4 + 95 * 50+ * 9 M D 4+ 0+ 9 S NB .
%. / > ? 6 9+
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
f0 B f0 NB 9I U B )
16 (.
] * H S
5 I ) 1392 ( B + % A
* AC A1 6 AD
+ * 9F+
* :1+
. / * 1E
? > T
9I 4 41B 9 15 : 9+
> ? +
* U Y 4
1E
* . / .
9 DS : A f0 A^
B 9I b . B {B T. + 9+
* + 9
KA1 J
^ K . / f1D7
* 12
* B B
* 9 + *
^ * 3v 3 I 4A AB A /
E A %.
A
.
* B + 3 B 4
2/
. 1H1I D
T 3 S
%. / Q + 4 T 9+
hNW 1
%
* . / 9 15
>
1H1I %. A / AT
4AA . p+
) 17 (.
9AA 15
* * AA05S 9AA E F )
1378 ( AA
. / f5^1B [ c 6 Q n , K1 J I AM 3 E
9I + 3/ .
%. / Y 4
. >8+ A]
41H 4A T A+
9AI 9A5 2 + .
> ?A 4A + Z 4A
4 +
^8
? YpB
Z 4 4 + 3 A1
1E
* . / A ?
AQ + n A AT . AB
) 18 (.
A0\ bE . K, 9+ ] H S A
> A
1H1I
%. /
> ? 5^
3 B 4 + Z B
1 : T/
* S 9A 1 .
* 6 Ac AB
3 / B 3 B 4 S 4 8 >
A+
A 9A /
,,J G
4 + ) 17 (.
9A E F
* A ) 2008 ( 3 A A+
Y 4A ? * 1E :1+ n 3 A >8+ A]
9I n 3 1
%. /
> ? {AS
34A 4A /.
>
3 5B +
* 95
* B 3 A / *4A 9AQN
3 9+
Z A A- A A A = AO .
B 5B :5 4 3
9A+
3 5AB
A ?
% A
* H 3
9A+
9 A7 5 * A ? 5AB
3
%. / Y 4
9+
D 4 T )
20 (.
* :1+ X+
A 95 . 1,J *
A u 7T j 9F+ b * 12 Y 4 4 / 9I 4 + : + Q
*
4 + fI M 5B :1+ ,F @ T 4A + 3 5B
6 -5 I n + ƒ : M C * A+ 4 5T AB 4A * 9 + f- = H * I
4 D f 3 .
p^ 1S 6 ,1,J )
2005 ( A .
) 2006 ( AB )
2007 ( n A :1A+
* A : A fA0
b zT Z 4
@ AT 3 A
4A AB ) 22 - 20 (.
C j1,J )
1389 ( 9A 1 . 9AI A1
* A A E
* 2?
Z 4 b . >8+ ]
24 Z 4A
G A E 3 9+ * :1+ X+ B 95 &
9AF1M : A fA0 AB 4A z8A
) 23 (.
9A E F
*
3 D I
) 1385 ( 1 * A 6 A0 A
O fA0
: 2?
+ B ) 24 (.
9AI A+ 3/ . I AM j1,J * 95 3 AB 4
. A
9 T 4 j O
* * A… *. AB 9AU p 4 1 . /
KD 9
* A Y 4A * E A1 4A0 A ]
^ A+ A 5 %. A / A0S 4 12 * & 1E
%. / 4 4A + 4Q >8+ ] Y 4
. Ak
…A D + * A 5 . K A 9 * A + > ? : .
+ I A
4 4J 0 9+
X1J ZNI 4 . 1
X + B 1E +
. + AI 4 A
:1E A+
4A 1 _A +
f1 H
* - D
. j1H * A-
A D
+
* R
* >E U 0
D :1,,J 41I
+
B ) 25 (.
*4ADM 3 A D
) 1388 ( 9A E F
* AT
3 4 3 - j O 9I 9A .v
* * 12 A AQ
:5 2 X
1E + {B AB ZNAI * A
* A-
D 4 9+
+ T
‚B
* 2 4A + . / * . 1 )
26 (.
*4AA+ * AAF )
1388 ( 9AA E F AA1
* AA AAT
@ 9AI 4 5A 41I P c : 9+ * 5B 3
4 1 . 9 M
*
* - KD
W + AD >
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
X1J Q B ) 27 (.
l 5 E F 9
* [ ) 1384 ( 3
9I W 3 9+
3
* + A1 + Q {A^I * A
D D A+
AJ 5A 1+
3 A 1DO {A^I > AI
@ Fc 1 Q
* 1E + D + B ) 28 (.
k
. 3 D )
1386 ( 9 E F 1
* 3 T 4
9I
. 4 / 3 I 6 NO Z ^M
*4 D 2
1
* +
+
^ 1E + K _ + GN,5B 2
) 29 (.
3 1 c j1Q K1 J X A * 95 .
A+
* AC >, 6 A1
A+ A 5 %. A / u A7T AD
+ 4 . 95 b 9I I / 3 24 I I 24
*
A D , 41I %. / f0 B B
3/ 6 5A x1JA7 3 x1JW * Gv45B A
D5A^ + A . > A =4A :A jA,J * + 4 +
17J D
9
* RAQ 9A+ * A T. +
3/ 9+ {B
% . 4A + A >A8+ A] {B *
.
9A+ RAQ 9A+ 4A f- A 5^ + T. + 4 / AS
A A 1 9+ bDI 0S u T 5 + I D5 + 3 + + . * ,5 * S 9+ 4 + 9
J1c 6 W
4AA + H1AAW .
* AA 9AA5 jAA O AAƒI AAc M > ?AA
3 3 5B 9
* T. +
* 95^ * c
K D T 9+
A A
9
* 5A 1+ T. A+
. A+
4 5 . . 24
3 ?
% A2 A+
3 9A+
6 A-
6 B ^M 6 H
3 12 >AB ‚AB
A 9
*
T. + F
1 Q 9I * A
1E A+
f A AB
* 12 D 3 12 5 Q
K10^
A A2 ) 27 (.
9 E F
* F B +
) 1381 (
? u 7T * A 2
A1 >8+ ] Y 4 A
9
* T. A+
9A+ AI A
.
2?
Y 4 * ]
>8+
95T AB 4A )
30 (.
fA
1 U AA E F : A
9
* 1 A | ) 2006 ( +
* 312 A H AA
* 95
4 . 4W ,5
4 5A 9AI
T. + 0H b
f0 3 1DO 0S .
5AB A
* 12 B
) 31 (.
9 E F l 5
* 3 D 1O )
1391 ( . I M
9AI A+ 3/
:1A+
RA A 9
* T. A+
A2
3 3 1+
: 5 1+
E n A+
9A+
A . 3 A+
4 P
2
%
* A . / 41 AB
B + )
32 (.
Y NI )
2008 ( A1 E F 9A
* AT
* A 1E 3 * 12 + &2 1] K
1E +
%. / AI
5AB X1AJ @ F A A . /
>8+
I Q .
R T. + A
] 4A A
) 33 (.
5A 9 A * 1,J A j A 3 / 9I A 5 %.
A 4 A A+
^ + A 4S f1 H . * AB 4A1 fA A . / 4A
2/
A C A * 6 1 D A
% f1 H : + 9A+ A
A12 0+ _ + . / * 9 + 3/ 3 + I A
*
A A A A 3 .
Z AB + 9A5
A ? * A A
3
%
*
* 12 G KAM Z AB +
A^
9E A 5 A A+
A + A _
>
• A fA0 4A
3 A / 9A+
H A )
34 (.
%
* G 3 A12 . /
9+
K1 J
^ A K 5T A 9 n , [ c AT 6 4Q
A
B A I A 4 . H5B A 5T / . A 9
* Q %. A
3/
+ bDI 6 E F 1
0 . A 6 * A 4AD
H ,5
* B + * 12 ] D B ) 25 (.
T + . 3 5 41I 4 I 9I +
* 2 + 6 ^ S . /
>8+
1E + * 9+
K
% 2 J W Y AH I
* + I 4
3 K
2
>
) 35 (.
B ) 2006 ( 1 G 6 - A
9
* AT. + A
B A X C A .
^1 A f
* 4D
*
* 12 5 +
4 5^
A 1 3 1+ 9 A
. 6N
{E Q B A 6v
1E + A 5^S A * A R+
A B A
‚ 2 A 9A+
3/
A .
S A
* 12 A
* 5 A + A A 4 4 )
34 (.
E A 5 * A * + * A
3 A
. 5A * A 9
+ 4 + 5 %. / 3 5B >, + X
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
4A A / A A ./ . 5 6 NO K1 J 9I .
1 * C 9 M D 5 . H 58 + D 6
3 * 5 * E >, T 5178 QNT * 4 40 9+
. . >8+ : 3 5AB * D 5
9 + S
* + 4 + D DB B 9
3 A0 A1 K1E
D5S * 9 M D [ 58 + * 12 K 3/
AB 9+ >, 3 QNT .
:15A^ : 1A 2
) 2007 ( 9 E F
* AT 9A + A
* 3 A0 AB
:Dc A A+ 41I 3 5AB A D 9A5H0 DAc
3/ 51+ 6 1]
. 3 A 6 4 A 9AI 4A 4,5
9AI * … {E F . 3 5B D1+ [ 8 * >8+ 5 A 5 A 1JW A Z ZNI B x A 4 . /
1]
* 5 1+ { 9+
. 3/
9+ 3 1D I * + ~ 15
9A+ 3 A+ A2 ‚B T 5 % & 9+ K D 3 3 9A+ 4A0 :1A U f 9 S . / 9^B
9A + 6 1W 7T . D E * 12
* 3 A0 AB
4 I Iw )
36 (.
3 5B4 2 )
2006 ( DS + A - *4 + R A
5B 6 A * A 2 3
A 4 A 1E A+ 9
* :5 A A A
4A A 5 > . * T + * 2 * 9 M A 5A &2 T . 4 2? 4 12 + 9I AA J A AAQ + A AA * A AA^ n A E AA * &AA 1E
AA A AAB * )
37 (.
AA5^
A AA D 9 A
3 ) 1383 ( AA1
ƒ * * 12 A
AH A AS 9A + 3 A0 A +
*
B A I 3 A ~NAT 4A A ƒ * A * 12 9I 4
M A * A * 12 A * A,5 A H * AI 3 4S * 9
AAH A AA k AA D A
AAD X A
AA+ * AAI fAAI G )
38 (.
: + + 1 B 3 + E
A D0 % 4 A
{A^I * A+
%.
AA5 AA % AA AA A
M AA+ X AA * * AA2 * 9AA
D A QNT ^ A
B A i A E >A, . 4A + 41 AB ˆ A 3 A 9AI T * 2? 5
3/
Q 4 12 4 I K 9A S
* 9A+ 3 A0 3 A0
4 D K 4 / .
+
&
B + A Z 5 9 A W M * A . K A1,J :A A
j > ?A
/ A A 1+ X+ %.
A AJ * : A
%. A / Y 4A
E A 5 * A + * A * A 9+ 3 A
>, 3 AW *
B 4 A A 3 A AB 4 A A+ A 5 %. A /
i4 4 A A A / > ? A
A 9A+ %.
A * AJ >A,
AC [ A\ A >, B 95 A
A1 * AD 6
Q 1] J A
4A . A ? A A+ A %. A / >
1 B =4 *
A ] A + A 9A T 4 *
* A . /
A
&
A A 0+ jA O . A
A12 A 3 A *
D A M A 3/ * 9 50+
A A A 4 A 0 A 4A 1 *
A NB A 4A+ A 0+ 9A S .
A bA A A Z 4 A
* AA+ @
A^ 5^ + %. / Ac 4A I A 2 9E
A + AT 9A+ P
1 J A I K A 7T 4 A
85 u A f1DA7 {AB @
12 A 4 I * A
A R+
A @ 85 B {B
AA D A AA0 4 A
[ AA\ AA 9AA 4 6 AA NO
A B 3 A 3 . D A 4 i A1E :A 9AD A
5 %. / 5^+
A 4A5 A ~ AH 5M 9+ 4 + .
A+
9S 9+
5A 9 A1,J * A j Ac M A 0 A 1
A 9AI
3 4 A
4 / A- A A . A AB + A+
3 AI ‡ AJE
24 A+ l 5 :1,,J :17785 * 9
. 4A / AB
,1,J 3/ 6 A12 K A 9A+ A^ A A
A 0 * A
3 AI 9
5 %. / A
A + A A I E A %. A / f5A^1B 4
4 D 4Q .
* A + % A A11; 9AI 4AB A - 9+
* C 78 6 1
A+ A 5 %. A / u 7T D
%. A / P A : 3 I 9 0 4Q :1E 3 9+ 4
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
#
"
# '!
9D T . * D 4 + 5 D {FQ
AA AA AA AA AA1 I 9
* AA5J 41 AAB
3 A
I I A 4 A :
? A
>
I A 9 A
A A A : A1,J A j A A
* A D A ADI 4 A G A A
4Q f
.
References
1- Abedini Z, Ahmari Tehran H, khorami A, Heidarpour A. Nursing students experiences toward evidence-based learning in clinical setting:
A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2012; 11 (8):864-873. [Persian]
2- Omid A, Adibi P, Bazrafcan L, Jouhari Z, Shakour M, Changiz T. Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME): Concepts and Steps. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2012; 12 (4):297- 307. [Persian]
3- Changiz T, Haghani F, Masoomi R. Design and Implementation of a Web directory for Medical Education (WDME): a Tool to Facilitate Research in Medical Education. MED ARH. 2012;
66(2):133-6. [Persian]
4- Masoomi R. What is the Best Evidence Medical Education? RDME. 2012, 1(1), 3-5.
[Persian]
5- Khakpoor A. Evidence-Based Instruction.
Education Philosophy. [Cited 2012 May 20].
Available from: http://www.reed- institute.com/Article2Evidence-Based.pdf.
6- Reiber K. Evidence-based Nursing Education- a Systematic Review of Empirical Research. GMS Z Med Ausbild. 2011; 28(2): Doc27.
7- Smylie MA, Corcoran TB. Nonprofit organizations and the promotion of evidence-
based practice in education. In “The role of research in educational improvement”. Harvard Education Press. Cambridge,MA.2009; 111-35.
8- Dauphinee WD, Wood-Dauphinee S. The need for evidence in medical education: the development of best evidence medical education as an opportunity to inform, guide, and sustain medical education research. Academic Medicine.
2004; 79(10):925.
9- Haig A, Dozier M. BEME Guide No 3:
Systematic searching for evidence in medical education--Part 1: Sources of information. Med Teach. 2003; 25(4):352-63.
10- Hammick M, Dornan T, Steinert Y.
Conducting a best evidence systematic review.
Part 1: From idea to data coding. BEME Guide No. 13. Med Teach. 2010; 32:3-15.
11- Rafiei S, Abdollahzadeh S, Ghajarzadeh M, Habibollahi P, Fayazbakhsh A. The Effect of Introducing Evidence Based Medicine on Critical Appraisal Skills of Medical Students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2008; 8 (1):149- 153. [Persian]
12- Madarshahian F, Hassanabadi M. , Khazayi S.
Effect of evidence-based method clinical educationon patients care quality and their satisfaction. Quarterly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences. 2012, 4(4): 189-193. [Persian]
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
13- Adib Hajbaghery M, Azizi Fini I. The Concept of Evidence-Based Education in Nursing and Factors Affecting It: A Qualitative Study.
Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2012; 12 (5):331-346. [Persian]
14- Talaei A, Hekmatpoo D. Exploration of Arak Medical Students’ Experiences on Effective Factors in Active Learning: A Qualitative Research. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.
2012; 12 (2):131-142. [Persian]
15- Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative Research in Nursing. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
16- Zaroj Hosseini R. Best Evidence Medical Education. The Educational Development Center of Shahrood University of Medical Sciences.
[Cited 2012]. Available from:
http://shmu.ac.ir/edc/edc/book/EBM.pdf.
[Persian]
17- Jafari Sani H, Keramati E. A Study of Faculty Members’ Attitude about the Relationship between their Research and Teaching Activities.
Quarterly journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. 2012; 18 (2):1-17. [Persian]
18- Ejtehadi, M. An Analysis about Weakness and Strengths at the Higher Education System in Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. 1998; Vol. 6, No.
17, pp. 33-57. [Persian]
19- Ivo, J. M. A. Course Level and the Relationship between Research Productivity and Teaching Effectiveness. Journal of Economic
20- Gillespie M. Student-teacher connection: A place of possibility. 22 (4): 96-107. J Adv Nurs 2005; 52 (2): 211-19.
21- Zani AV, Noqueira MS. Critical incidents in the teaching-learning process of a nursing course through the perception of students and faculty.
Revolation-Am Enfermagem. 2006; 14 (5): 742- 48.
22- Ursano AM, Kartheiser PH, Ursano RJ. The teacher alliance: A perspective on the good teacher and effective learning. Academic Psychiatry. 2007; 70 (3): 189-94.
23- Ramezani T, Dortaj Ravari E. Characteristics of Effective Teachers and Pertinent Effective Educational Factors according to the Teachers and Students’ Point of View in Schools of Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Strides in Development of Medical Education. 2009; 6(2):
139-148. [Persian]
24- Kebriae A, Rodbary M, Rakhshani M, Mir Lotfi PR. Evaluation of students about quality educational services to them in Zahedan University of medical sciences. Tabib Shargh.
2005; 2 (7): 139-46. [Persian]
25- Abedini Z, Akhondzade K, Ahmari Tehran H.
Nursing student experiences in modified problem based learning (MPBL): A qualitiative study.
Journal of Sabzevar Medical Science University.
2010; 17(3):180-8. [Persian]
26- Ahmadi-Abhari S, Soltani A, Hosseinpanah F.
Knowledge and attitudes of trainee physicians regarding evidence-based medicine: a
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
Pract. 2008; 14(5):775-9. [Persian]
27- Moattari M, Abedi H. Nursing Students' Experiences in Reflective Thinking: A Qualitative Study. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.
2008; 8(1):101-12. [Persian]
28- Sharif F, Armitage P. The effect of psychological and educational counselling in reducing anxiety in nursing students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004; 11(4):386-92. [Persian]
29- Ghanizadeh A, Imaniyeh MH, Kadivar MR.
Knowledge and attitude of medical students and lecturers toward evidence-based medicine:
Evidence from Shiraz. Journal of Medical Education. 2006; 9(2):65-9. [Persian]
30- Soltani arabshohi SK, Ghaderi A, Compiling effective teaching criterion: characteristics of effective teaching as viewed by Iran University of medical sciences & health services basic sciences centers students and staffs. Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences. 2001; 22(7): 279- 287. [Persian]
31- Mcilwrick J, Nair B, How am I doing? Many Problems but few solutions related to feedback delivery in undergraduate Psychiatry education.
Academic Psychiatry. 2006; 30(2):130-135.
32- Tayebi V, Tavakoli H, Aemat MR. Education at the Students & staff Members Viewpoints of in
North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2011; 3(1 (7)):69- 74. [Persian]
33- Clynes Mary P, Raftery s, Feedback: An essential element of student learning in clinical practice. Nurse Education in Practice. 2008; 8(6):
405-411.
34- Forrest JL. Treatment plan for integrating evidence-based decision making into dental education. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2006;
6(1):72-8.
35- Ismach RB. Teaching evidence-based medicine to medical students. Acad Emerg Med.
2004; 11(12): 6-10.
36- Glicken AD, Merenstein GB. Addressing the hidden curriculum: Understanding educator professionalism. Medical Teacher. 2007;
29(1):54-57.
37- Goldstein EA, Maestas RR, et al.
Professionalism in medical education: an institutional challenge. Academic Medicine. 2006;
81(10): 871-6.
38- Shayeste s, Rahimi M, Abedi H A, Bahrami M.Students Experience with the Hidden Curriculum in Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Pejouhesh. 2003; 27 (3):217-223. [Persian]
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
The Role of Faculty Members in Evidence-Based Education from Medical Students and Teachers' Viewpoints: A Qualitative Study
Adib Y1, Fathiazar E 2, Dehghani GHA 3
1 Dept. of Educational Sciences, School of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Dept. of Educational Sciences, School of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 School of Psychology & Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Corresponding Author: Dehghani GhA,Student and Cultural Affairs, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Email: [email protected]
Received: 27 Nov 2013 Accepted: 16 Apr 2014
Background & Objective: A move from medical education based on personal beliefs towards Best Evidence Medical Education seems to be essential. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspective and experiences of medical students and teachers on the role of faculty members in evidence-based education.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through content analysis method in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Five students and 13 faculty members were selected by purposive sampling and their experiences and viewpoints were surveyed until achieving data saturation. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data.
Results: Four main themes were identified: research in education, interpersonal relationships, mastery in teaching, and role models for students. Each theme included several subthemes.
Conclusion: Based on the experiences of participants, in evidence-based education, several roles could be conceded to faculty members; but the research in education influences other roles of faculty members.
Improving research in education can facilitate evidence-based education in Medicine.
Keywords: Faculty members, Medical student, Evidence-based education, Qualitative study, Content analysis
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 10:48 IRDT on Sunday May 28th 2017
