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References

1-De Nevers N. Air pollution control engineering. New York McGraw-Hill; 2000.

2-Wexler P. Encyclopedia of toxicology. 1^st ed.San Diego: Academic Press;1998.

6

G 4 < ' $ K -1 5 3 1 T E . )O P E < ' NNN

3-Yoshida T, Matsunaga I. A case study on identification of airborne organic compounds and time courses of their concentrations in the cabin of a new car for private use. Environment international 2006;32 (1):58-79.

4-Jo WK, Yu CH. Public Bus and Taxicab Drivers' Work-Time Exposure to Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds. Environmental research 2001; 86(1):66-72.

5-YOU K, GE Y, HU B, et al. Measurement of in-vehicle volatile organic compounds under static conditions. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007;19(1):1208-1213.

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Survey of the In-Cabin Benzene Concentration in Yazd Yavi- cabs Using Soli Phase Microextraction Technique

Barkhordari A* (Ph.D) Esmaeelyan S** (MSc) Mosadegh M *** (PhD) Falahzadeh M****(PhD) Tahmasebi N** (MSc) Zare A *****(M.Sc)

*Associate Professor of Occupational Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

**MSc in Occupational Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

***Assistant Professor of Toxicology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

**** Associate Professor of Statistics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

****MSc Statistics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Background: To establish a method for determination of in-cabin benzene and evaluate the occupational exposure, a cross-sectional study was conducted.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 30 taxi-cabs were selected and the concentrations of benzene was measured in stopping and driving conditions using solid phase microinstruction (SPME) method.

Results: The overall average concentration of benzene in all brands was 905 and 309 g/m³ under stopping and driving conditions, respectively. Under stopping condition, the highest and lowest average concentrations were 3200 and 122 g/m³ respectively. After 15 minutes of driving, the levels lowered to 1000 and 57 g/m³, respectively. The concentration of benzene decreased rapidly and significantly, after 15 minutes of driving with opened windows (p<0.05). In both stopping and driving conditions, the concentration of benzene in taxi-cabs with more than six months life time (1138 and 393 g/m³) was higher than those of less than six month life time (671 and 225 g/m³).

However, no significant variation was observed.

Conclusion: The concentration of benzene measured herein in this study, markedly exceeds the proposed indoor benzene NHMRC standard. The results indicate that opening the windows before driving reduces the exposure of drivers to benzene. The result of this study could also be useful for further monitoring program of in-vehicle air quality.

Key words: Benzene, SPME, Air pollution, Exposure evaluation, Taxi