TESDA BAYANIHAN TO BEAT COVID-19
1. Apprenticeship at a glance
[Republic of Korea] Apprenticeships in Korea:
An Innovative Approach to Youth Employment and Skills Development
0
PART8
161
Type Sub-type Target Group Duration & Set-up
Apprentices hip for New Workers
Management Body Company-led
Training center-led
Newly hired workers
Workers who have worked for less than a year
1–4 years (Only Qualification + Degree type is 4 years, the others are maximum 2 years)
On the Job Training (OJT) at work & Off the Job Training (Off-JT) at training center
Recognition of Results
Company-base d type
Industry-based type
(Qualification, Qualification + Degree)
P-Tech3) Graduates of apprenticeship high schools
1.5-year
OJT at work &
Off-JT at polytechnic (ISCED4)
Apprentices hip for Students
Apprenticeship
high school Specialized vocational high school students
2 years
OJT during 2nd and 3rd years of high school (ISCED 3)
Uni-Tech Specialized vocational high school students + college students
3.5 years
OJT for 2 years in high school (ISCED 3) + 1.5 years in college (ISCED 5)
College
Apprenticeship College students 1 year
OJT during last year of college (ISCED 5)
IPP5) University students
About 1.5 years
4–10 months of long-term work experience (3rd year) + 1-year apprenticeship (4th year) in university (ISCED 6)
Source: Park, Jong-Sung & Jeon, Seung-Hwan & Lee, Han-Byul. (2018). Apprenticeship in Korea 2018, p.6.
3) P-Tech: Pathways in Technical Education oriented Convergent High-Technology
4) ISCED: International Standard Classification of Education
5) IPP: Industry Professional Practice
[Republic of Korea] Apprenticeships in Korea:
An Innovative Approach to Youth Employment and Skills Development
0
PART8
163
ii. Governance
The Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) is responsible for overseeing the overall system, such as setting an institutional framework or approving and funding apprenticeships with public bodies and social partners. The Ministry of Education cooperates with the MOEL regarding apprenticeships for students. Meanwhile, Human Resources Development Service of Korea (HRD Korea) is in charge of the actual execution, such as planning and carrying out apprenticeship systems. The Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET) supports the performance management of apprenticeships by conducting R&D work. Industry Skills Councils (ISC) support the development, operation, and evaluation of companies that institute training programs.
Since the early days of the system, through public hearings and briefing sessions, efforts have been made to build a social consensus on enacting the “Act on Supporting the Industrial Site Work-Learning Dual System.” In July 2019, it passed the subcommittee of the Legislation- Judiciary Committee as well as the general meeting. Through this process, the Act passed the National Assembly’s plenary session and was promulgated on August 27, 2019, then enacted on August 28, 2020.
Enforcement of the law is expected to contribute greatly to the development of the study dual system and the stability of the system.
iii. Finance
The annual operation budget for apprenticeship is allocated as part of the project budget of the employment insurance fund for vocational competency development. The fund is established using the employment insurance that employers pay. Employers pay 0.25–0.85% depending on
The budget for Korean apprenticeships has risen dramatically in recent years due to the increase in the number of apprentices and participating companies, amounting to 407 million USD in 2017.
However, from 2018, when the system started to stabilize, the budget started to decrease somewhat, with records of 310 million USD in 2019.
It is allotted 308 million USD as of 2020.
The financial support for apprenticeship training is provided to training companies including training infrastructure support fees, OJT and Off-JT training fees, training fee subsidies to compensate for the loss of the labor force by the employer due to the apprenticeship training, accommodation costs, in-company trainers, and an HRD manager allowance.
iv. General procedure
Most apprenticeship programs take one to two years, but those designed for higher degrees could take up to four years; they are administered and monitored by HRD Korea. The procedure begins by recruiting and selecting companies to participate in the apprenticeship.
Once companies are selected, they recruit apprentices, have their in-company trainers and HRD managers educated by Korea Tech,7) and develop apprenticeship programs, which are then approved by HRD Korea. OJT and Off-JT take place at companies and dual training centers according to the approved programs, and apprentices are required to undergo internal and external assessments toward the end of the program. Those who pass the external assessment can obtain a nationally
6) Ministry of Employment and Labor Website: https://www.moel.go.kr/info/astmgmt/employ/
list.do
7) Korea Tech: Korea University of Technology and Education
[Republic of Korea] Apprenticeships in Korea:
An Innovative Approach to Youth Employment and Skills Development
0
PART8
165 recognized qualification. The overall procedure is briefly illustrated in Figure 8-1.
[Figure 8-1] General procedure of an apprenticeship program
Recruiting
& selecting companies, training centers
KoreaHRD
Recruiting apprentice
Company
Educating in-company
trainers &
HRD managers
Korea Tech
Development
& verification of training
program
Company &
HRD Korea
Operation of training program &
internal evaluation
Company &
Dual training center
External evaluation &
issuance of apprenticeship
qualification
HRD Korea (MOEL)
Transition into general worker
Company
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Source: Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) & Human Resource Development Service of Korea (HRD Korea) (2020). Operation Manual for Korean Apprenticeship, p. 18.