Chapter 3. Seawater battery module, application & poilot system
3.5 Summary
In this study, we fabricated a prototype seawater battery module using the developed large-area rectangular cells. The seawater battery module is designed to be operated by direct immersion in seawater without any special test fixture, and the cell-to-cell distance of about 6mm is designed for smooth seawater supply. In the short stack experiment, as the number of connected cells increased, the output power also increased proportionally, which means that the module is operating normally in the designed direction. In the constant current charge/discharge test, we confirmed that the voltage efficiency is improved in the 3, 5 cell module compared to the single unit cell. In addition, the designed seawater battery module succeeded in driving the light buoy in an actual marine environment for 9 days.
Lead-acid batteries, which are mainly used as power sources for marine equipment, are being considered for replacement of power storage devices due to frequent flooding and environmental pollution. As a result of this experiment, seawater batteries have proven sufficient value to replace lead- acid batteries used as marine power sources. It has also been proven that it can serve as a power storage device without any problems in the real ocean where various variables exist, not in the laboratory. We are not satisfied with the development of seawater batteries, but have designed automated cell manufacturing equipment to enhance the possibility of commercialization. As a result, an assembly process suitable for seawater batteries was developed and uniform cells were produced.
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Overall summary
In accordance with the increasing demand for energy storage devices, various electrochemical battery systems are being actively developed. Lithium-ion batteries, which are most actively used among battery systems, have great strength due to their high output and energy density, but there are great restrictions on development due to issues such as price, stability, and lithium reserves. In this study, we proposed a seawater battery as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries and supplemented the insufficient cell system. In addition, by developing a prototype seawater battery module and pilot system, it announced the starting point of a seawater battery system to be improved in the future.
In chapter 2, it deals with the development of a new seawater battery cell platform with improved energy density. A unique design was devised to expand the area of the seawater battery using solid electrolyte, which made it possible to increase the cell area regardless of the area of the solid electrolyte.
Improvements in the cell design as well as the cathode/anode electrodes were also made. The swelling phenomenon that would occur due to the carbon-based current collector in the anode part was solved by using SUS mesh. In addition, by introducing the anode free concept, it can be manufactured without injecting active material during cell manufacturing, thereby reducing cost and simplifying the process.
The seawater battery to which the anode free system is applied can be charged directly from seawater and maintained constant performance for 500 cycles without swelling for about 3 months after charging.
In the cathode part, the output power was improved through the assembly method using titanium and spot welding to reduce the contact resistance. In addition to performance, it is now possible to configure modules by easily connecting cells through a device for stacking.
In chapter 3, a prototype seawater battery module and a pilot system capable of manufacturing it are dealt with. The seawater battery module can be easily assembled through the hole in the cathode part.
In the short stack experiment, the power and energy efficiency improved as the number of cells increased. This confirmed that the design of the module was done in the right direction.
We tested normal operation by operating the seawater battery in the real ocean, not in the laboratory, and succeeded in operating the light buoy for 9 days. A pilot device to replace the complicated seawater battery manufacturing process was also successfully designed. This made it possible to manufacture uniform seawater battery unit cells. Starting with the realization of the seawater battery concept as a coin cell system in the previous study, this study took a step forward and proved its value as an energy storage device. However, the energy density and output power, which are still far below the theoretical values, need to be improved in the future.
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