선박 및 특허 정보에 대한 RDF 데이터 관리. RDFS 리소스 설명 프레임워크 스키마 SPARQL SPARQL 프로토콜 및 RDF 쿼리 언어 SQL 구조적 쿼리 언어. RIF 규칙 교환 형식 XML 확장 가능 마크업 언어 XHTML 확장 가능 하이퍼텍스트 마크업 언어 JSON JavaScript 개체 표기법.
KIPI Korea Patent Information Institute WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization PTAB Patent Trial and Appeal Board.
RDF Data Management for Vessel and Patent Information
Abstract
Introduction
- Background of Research
- Research Objectives
- Organization of Thesis
The Semantic Web is an extension of the Web in which data has meaning for humans and machines in a way that it can be searched, interpreted, shared, and reused across applications, organizations, and communities. In the framework of the Semantic Web, an important concept within the Semantic Web as linked data. The goal of Linked Data is to connect data using the RDF model to enable machines to browse the web [1].
The consistency of RDF comes at a price where the physical design of the RDF database is complex and there is no consistency on how to interpret the RDF data [3]. Therefore, it is preferable to publish in a highly stable and persistent environment, by choosing a stable namespace for the RDF schema such as W3C. This implies that the existing data does not need to be modified to take advantage of the benefits of the design pattern, especially the generation of label graph.
An overview of the entire research topic and the objectives of the thesis are presented in this chapter. Finally, in Chapter 5, conclusions and further work are discussed to ensure the growth of the Web of Data in the future.
Literature Review
- Linked Open Data
- RDF and RDF Schema
- SPARQL
- Apache Jena Fuseki as RDF Triplestore
Linked Open Data (LOD) is a robust combination of Linked Data and Open Data, where both are linked and open source. The following, Fig. 2.2 shows an illustration of Linked Data is DBpedia by converting Wikipedia content to RDF and linking the content to other databases such as GeoNames. The inventor of the World Wide Web and the creator and advocate of the Semantic Web and Linked Data, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, proposed a 5-star implementation system [11];
Linked data is one of the main elements of the semantic web, also known as the data grid. In short, Linked Data is a set of design concepts for sharing interconnected machine-readable data on the web. In 2006, for Linked Open Data, Sir Tim Berners-Lee laid out the four design principles for Linked Data [12];
In summary, linked data supports the extension of data models and allows for easy updating. Two W3C standards, RDF and RDF Schema (RDFS), are designed to enhance the Web with machine-processable semantic data. RDF is based on making statements in the form of subject, predicate, and object terms (ie, triples) about resources, which in this case are described as the web.
RDFS provides a means for classifying and relating related groups of resources shown in the main classes below. It is designed to enable Linked Data for the Semantic Web and to enrich data by linking it to other global semantic sources. SPARQL can also be used to access relational data, but is designed to merge disparate sources of data.
The results of SPARQL queries can be in the form of sets or RDF graphs, where the data is stored locally or viewed as RDF by middleware [19]. Relational data consisting of rows of data collected in tables, which are also called "relations" in formal relational literature. RDF Triplestore is a special database system for data handling in RDF, storing linked data and collecting new facts from the existing ones.
![Fig. 2.1 Semantic Web Stack (aka. Semantic Web Layer Cake) [7]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dokinfo/10551111.0/17.773.127.639.122.678/fig-semantic-web-stack-semantic-web-layer-cake.webp)
RDF Schema Design
- RDFS for Vessels
- Vessel Information Structure
- Vessel Information Structure based on Port-MIS
- RDF Sample Syntax of Port-MIS
- RDFS for Patent Data
- Patent Data Structure
- Patent Data Structure based on KIPRIS
- RDF Sample Syntax of KIPRIS
While the last two categories include general information such as the MMSI number, type of vessel, year it was built, name, owner and etc. While the last category is specifications, for example IMO number, port of registry, class, call sign and others are best described in the Fig. South Korea is known for the dominant hub function in the region of Northeast Asia's logistics hub [26].
Port-MIS is an information system that handles all administrative tasks such as movement, entry and exit of vessels, entry and transportation of cargo, and collection of taxes that occur in thirty-one commercial ports across the country. For example, its type, tonnage data, connected port, traffic flows and other information about the vessel. This property has its domain in ports, and its scope is in the input/output domain.
For example, in Table 3.1, the subject Vessel has a predicate hasTypes and an object ISA, then ISA is provided the subject with a predicate ShipType for the object Cargo and so on, it is translated into the form of triple format to make the information readable and understandable through the bond link graph. An example syntax of Port-MIS in Fig 3.8 is constructed to enable the association of the partition type and its loading information with each other and to easily search between the interconnected data. Once the patent owner is licensed, it will be the only individual or organization allowed to manufacture, use or sell, process or solve a technological problem developed and registered by it.
In the patent data industry, traditional keyword searches of patent data sets may not be sufficient to obtain all useful information, especially in the engineering field. In determining the semantic relation, the result of the result is also crucial to ensure that the information result is not overloaded. The concept of patent data structure is important because of the number of people trying to find solutions to a particular technical problem.
So the patent data structure has been collected from all over the Internet to ensure that the data is not missed. Finally, the last three categories can imply the important details in patent data, as shown in Figure. For this dissertation, the structures of the patent datasets were collected from the Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service (KIPRIS).
KIPRIS includes all IP information of the Korea Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) in Korea, managed by the Korea Patent Information Institute (KIPI) on behalf of KIPO. 3.15, the source of the agent is a subclass of the patent, which then has two more subclasses, the name of the organization and the no. agent, the domain, and the isUndertakenBy scope property that were linked between the patent and agent resources.
Implementations and Testing
- System Architecture
- Data Processing Structure
- SPARQL Queries
Port-MIS and KIPRIS show the purpose of two different sectors that are connected in terms of marine engineering in the development of a new generation of structured data through the Internet. 4.3, is the structural process of query management that occurs after the process of managing the raw data previously collected. In the query management process, to start all the constructions of queries, the server must run in the background.
Constructions of queries are needed to obtain data from RDF store and to populate the ontology and finally to display correct and reliable results semantically. A linked data RDF schema is designed from a specific open source site based on Port-MIS and KIPRIS with the aim of developing a new generation of queries as a whole. Retrieving the information from the RDF store takes place within the SPARQL server and triplestore.
The queries below show the values of the data collected at the locations, while Figure 4.7 shows the result of data sets stored in the RDF storage. Construct query CONSTRUCT define the tables, FROM define the file, WHERE define to bind each variable.
Conclusion and Further Work
URL https://5stardata.info/en/. URL https://www.ontotext.com/knowledgehub/fundamentals/linked-data-linked-open-data/. RDF Glossary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema. Proceedings of the Workshop on NLP and XML (NLPXML- 2004): RDF/RDFS and OWL in Language Technology in - NLPXML 04. Using Linked Data to Enhance Open Educational Resources for 2015 International Conference on Higher Education and Training Based on Information Technology (ITHET 2015), pp.1-6.
Acknowledgement
![Fig. 2.2 The Linked Open Data Cloud as of 2008 [8]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dokinfo/10551111.0/18.773.109.671.226.695/fig-2-2-linked-open-data-cloud-2008.webp)
![Fig. 2.3 An example of RDF Semantic link graph [17]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dokinfo/10551111.0/21.773.119.657.410.862/fig-2-example-rdf-semantic-link-graph-17.webp)
