동시에 중국 수출 기업은 미국과 유럽 기업으로부터 지속적으로 반덤핑 조사를 받고 있다. 중국산 제품에 대한 반덤핑 조사가 점차 늘어나면서 중국 수출업체들이 큰 피해를 입고 있다.
Background
Purpose and methods
Structure
The definition of dumping
The information gathered by production in the first period has value for both low-productivity firms (who should not produce in the second period) and high-productivity firms (who should). This leads to excess entry and sales below average cost (ie cost dumping) in the first period.
The definition of Anti-dumping
Antidumping tariffs give domestic firms the incentive to deliberately reduce productivity and use trends not caused by dumping as evidence to meet the criteria for injury from dumping. Anti-dumping is increasingly likely to be used for retaliation and as a strategy to reduce competition.
The U.S. Antidumping Process
If so, the DOC allows price data from an eligible third-party country to serve as a template for the missing price data of the exporting country. If so, DOC, under Article VI of the ADA, may obtain the information from a secondary source, usually the petition provided by the US.
- Introduction
- Philosophy Position
- Research strategy and research design
- Data collection methods
- Data analysis
- Data Evaluation
- Summary
The methods of positivism usually involve the assumption that there are true answers, and the task of the researcher is to start with a hypothesis about the nature of the world and then find data to confirm or disprove it, or the researcher makes several hypotheses and searches for data that will allow the choice of the right one. This phase, formulating a concrete question, is one of the most important and most difficult in the research process. Nevertheless, it is only a matter of probability that the collected views will provide an accurate indication of the underlying situation.
Positivist methods typically start from the assumption that there are real answers, and the researcher's job is to either start with a hypothesis about the nature of the world, and then seek data to confirm or refute it, or the researcher poses several hypotheses and searches for data that will allow selection of the correct one. Beyond the simple distinction between using measurement or description as the primary approach to data collection and analysis, there also appears to be an underlying epistemological difference between the two approaches. In the dissertation I want to sketch a picture of the economic effects of the anti-dumping theory and will mainly use secondary data.
It is the responsibility of the researcher that data is accurate; inaccuracies cannot be blamed on the secondary source. After the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of secondary, regarding the fact that the secondary in my thesis will be primarily used, it is important to consider the disadvantages and make good use of the advantages.
- A general overview of dumping and AD behaviors against China
- The close trade relation between the United States and China
- A general overview of US anti-dumping measures against China
- The case study based on TCL (the Creative Life) and KONKA Group
Looking at the table below, the United States has taken 59 anti-dumping measures against Chinese products from 2000 to 2007. In the first half of 2008, the United States of America already conducted 8 anti-dumping investigations. These very intensive anti-dumping measures have had a major impact on the development of the Chinese industry.
Most of the anti-dumping measures that the United States took against Chinese products ended up with extremely high extra tariffs. Because of the special status of the United States in international economic development and international trade, it often takes the lead in initiating anti-dumping investigations against Chinese exports. The Chinese CTV industry is one of the main industries targeted by the anti-dumping measures.
In August 2008, the United States issued the final anti-dumping and countervailing decision against Chinese CTV. Additionally, countries such as India, Argentina and Brazil initiated anti-dumping measures following the US safeguard case.
The reasons for the USA’s anti-dumping measures against China
There has been a clear increase in the frequency of anti-dumping initiations (and measures), with some decreasing following the global economic slowdown. The economic performance of the USA has encouraged protectionism and at the same time more anti-dumping measures are being used. The United States has topped the list of those filing anti-dumping cases against China for many years.
The situation in China is that most of the Chinese exporters were unaware of the anti-dumping process. Because of the lack of litigation funding, when they learned of the cost of anti-dumping litigation, they invariably withdrew. The lack of action against anti-dumping petitions may lead to foreign companies starting new petitions.
The basic economic assumptions of international trade anti-dumping laws are implemented in the 18th century. Countries such as the US have even provided incentives to anti-dumping users.
Impacts on Chinese exporting products from Anti-dumping measures
Anti-dumping actions tend to protect the "sunset industries" of importing countries while harming the industries of exporting countries. Usually these industries are imported to exporting countries and have comparative advantages in the world market. When their products are blocked in the export market and it is too difficult to transfer their products to another market, they have to return to their home market.
When the anti-dumping penalties are related to the investment in China, their confidence in Chinese investment will be questioned and they will be reluctant to place future investments in China. The optimum way to reduce the US trade deficit with China is to lose out on restricting technology exports rather than forcing China to change its currency policy. Anti-dumping action would easily block the way for China to get more trade surplus.
But after all, the companies are the main anti-dumping body, so the most important thing is to look at the company's performance in response to anti-dumping issues. Companies should pay attention to carry out the following two aspects of the work in response to anti-dumping abroad.
Countermeasures before AD Investigation
Export companies can adjust the investment strategy by selectively and timely setting up factories abroad to circumvent anti-dumping barriers. By focusing on exploring the international market in all directions, we must actively explore new markets overseas, especially to strengthen Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa and other market developments, in the consolidation of the US. This allows us to reduce the risks arising from overly concentrated markets. market and avoid anti-dumping investigations.
In anti-dumping cases, the initiative for the injury instructions is generally in the hands of the prosecution. The key to responding to anti-dumping cases for companies is to prove that the export price is not lower than. Such as the enamel burner anti-dumping case US to China in 1985. In that case, the U.S.
Without invoice information, the price can only be determined according to the other information provided to determine the price, which is a major cause of lost causes. So that in the event of anti-dumping lawsuits, companies will be able to prepare the necessary information in a short time.
Countermeasures after AD Investigation
The anti-dumping case of the brand 34;Chrysanthemum" from the United States to China in 1991, we finally found no dumping because of our war. For example, the Chinese canned mushrooms from anti-dumping complaints, the Food Import and Export Corporation and The embassy urged the US companies involved not only to respond actively, but also to register in a timely manner. WTO anti-dumping rules and US anti-dumping laws set a strict limit on deadlines and procedures to respond.
In the process that the United States International Trade Commission determines whether the damage has been established, companies must actively participate in the hearing and provide the evidence and information. If the preliminary ruling of the International Trade Commission is made or arbitration is negative, the investigation procedures against dumping ends. In the International Trade Commission hearing, members of the committee will appear in court to listen to the local industry parties and respondent's statements.
If Chinese companies participate in the trial, they provide evidence that the export activities did not cause material injury to the US. In the process that the US Department of Commerce determines whether the fair value of imports is less than the sales, we have to do a lot of work to select the right "alternative country". To be able to find the "alternative country".
My Suggestions to Chinese export enterprises
Firms will be less hurt if their market structures are diversifying in this case. Both face difficulties with a loss of their biggest export market. If they have a broader and more diversified international market structure, the lost market in the United States can be replaced by the other international market and a minimum loss will be achieved. Although many Chinese companies currently do not have the strength to make foreign direct investment (FDI) and set up subsidiaries abroad, the Multinational Corporation should be the long-term goal of most Chinese companies.
Summery on the analysis
Looking at the serious consequences of anti-dumping activities, the government, industry associations and enterprises are required to carry out counter-plots. In the special case study, based on the empirical study, I lay out some suggestions to TCL and KONKA Group to also deal with the international contingency measures.
Limitation of the study
Xu Kuihua and Li Jing, "Economic theory and dumping", International Trade, volume one, Xi'an Jiaotong University Press, 2, 2002, pp85-88. Yang Guojun and Qiu Gejia, "US anti-dumping strategies", International Trade, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 4,2004, pp.182-193. Xiong Sihao, "Anti-dumping Measures Against China Abroad", Case Study on Anti-dumping, Economic Times Press pp36-47.
Qiu Jinchao, “Assessing the Impact on China's Exports to the US Due to the US Anti-Dumping Measures on China,” Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 3, 2006, Serial No. 37. Wang Juhong, “Investigating the Reason of US Anti-Dumping Policy Against China and its Countermeasure,” Journal of Hebei Jingmao University, Serial No. 176. Wang Xiaoyan, “Research on the Issue of Non-market Economy Status in EU Anti-Dumping Law,” Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 06,2010.
Staiger, Robert en Frank Wolak, "The Effect of Domestic Antidumping Law in the Presence of Foreign Monopoly", Journal of International Economics, 1996, pp265-287.
