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United Nations Forum on Energy Efficiency and Energy Security for Sustainable Development:

Taking Collaborative Action on Mitigating Climate Change 17-18 December 2007, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Cooperation on Energy

Efficiency and Energy Security:

Perspectives from the Russian Federation

Andrey Shastitko, General Director,

Foundation “Bureau of Economic Analysis”

Moscow, Russian Federation

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Contents

1. Economic dynamics in the world

2. Forecasts on GDP, energy intensity and primary energy consumption

3. Russia in the world: energy perspective

4. Priorities of Russia on energy security provision

5. Russia and energy efficiency

6. Conclusions

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1. Economic dynamics in the world

► World growth with high oil prices (unlike previous cases of price shocks).

► Increasing role of countries with EME (esp.

BRIC).

► Increasing role of energy efficiency and security

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Contribution to world GDP growth, 1992-2008f (%)

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007о 2008п

percentage points

BRIC G-7 Rest

Source: IMF, IEF

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2. Forecasts on GDP, energy intensity, primary energy consumption and oil prices

► International Energy Agency (World Energy Outlook 2007)

► Department of Energy US (International Energy Outlook 2007 )

► Institute of Energy and Finance (2007)

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Base scenarios of world energy – annual average growth rates (%)

IEA (2007) US DE (2007) (base) IEF (2007)

2004-15 2015-30 2004-30 2004-15 2015-30 2004-30 2006-15 2015-30 2006-30

World 4,2 3,3 3,6 4,4 3,8 4,1 4,3 3,9 4,0

OECD 2,5 1,9 2,2 2,6 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,0 2,2

USA 2,6 2,2 2,3 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,3 2,6

Japan 1,6 1,3 1,4 1,7 0,7 1,1 1,7 1,3 1,5

EU 2,3 1,8 2,0 2,2 1,8 2,0

Developing

countries 6,1 4,4 5,1 6,1 4,7 5,3 6,2 5,3 5,7

Asia 6,9 4,8 5,6 6,9 5,1 5,8 6,4 4,1 5,1

China 7,7 4,9 6 7,9 5,4 6,5 7,5 6,3 6,8

India 7,2 5,8 6,3 6,5 5,0 5,7 6,4 5,2 5,7

Africa 4,5 3,6 3,9 5,1 4,6 4,9 4,4 3,6 3,9

Brasil 3,5 2,8 3,1 3,5 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,3 3,4

Russia 4,3 2,8 3,4 4,7 3,1 3,7 5,2 4,5 4,8

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Base scenarios of world energy – annual energy intensity changes (%)

IEA DE US IEF

2004-15 2015-30 2004-30 2004-15 2015-30 2004-30 2006-15 2015-30 2006-30

World -1,8 -1,8 -1,8 -1,2 -1,4 -1,3 -1,7 -1,5 -1,6

OECD -1,4 -1,2 -1,3 -1,3 -1,1 -1,2 -1,5 -1,4 -1,4

USA -1,4 -1,5 -1,4 -1,5 -1,8 -1,7 -1,6 -1,2 -1,3

Japan -0,5 -1,2 -0,9 0,0 0,8 0,4 -1,2 -1,1 -1,1

EU -1,7 -1,4 -1,6 -1,2 -1,2 -1,2

Developing

countries -2,2 -2,1 -2,2 -3,9 -3,1 -3,4 -2,6 -1,9 -2,2

Asia -2,4 -2,4 -2,4 -1,9 -2,1 -2,0 -2,8 -2,1 -2,4

China -2,5 -2,8 -2,7 -4,4 -2,7 -3,4 -3,1 -2,2 -2,5

India -3,3 -2,1 -2,5 -2,9 -2,6 -2,8 -3,0 -1,7 -2,2

Africa -2,6 -1,8 -2,0 -1,9 -2,7 -2,4 -2,0 -1,8 -1,8

Brasil n.a n.a n.a -0,4 -1,6 -1,1 -0,9 -1,2 -1,0

Russia -2,5 -1,9 -2,1 -2,6 -1,6 -2,0 -2,8 -2,1 -2,4

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Base scenarios of world energy –

annual primary energy consumption changes (%)

IEA DE US IEF

2004-15 2015-30 2004- 30 2004-15 2015-30 2004- 30 2006-15 2015-30 2006- 30

World 2,3 1,4 1,8 2,1 1,5 1,8 2,5 2,3 2,4

OECD 1,1 0,6 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,8 1,0 0,6 0,8

USA 1,2 0,7 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,3 1,1 1,2

Japan 1,1 0,1 0,5 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,2 0,4

EU 0,5 0,3 0,4 1,0 0,6 0,7

Developing

countries 3,8 2,2 2,8 3,3 2,1 2,6 3,4 3,3 3,4

Asia 4,3 2,2 3,1 4,1 2,6 3,2 3,4 1,9 2,5

China 5,0 2,0 3,2 4,5 2,7 3,5 4,2 4,0 4,1

India 3,7 3,5 3,6 3,2 2,6 2,8 3,2 3,4 3,3

Africa 1,8 1,8 1,8 3,1 1,7 2,3 2,3 1,8 2,0

Brazil n.a n.a. n.a 3,1 2,0 2,5 2,6 2,1 2,3

Russia 1,7 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,1 1,3 2,2 2,3 2,3

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Evolution of oil prices forecasts by IEA (in 2005 USD, calculated by IEF)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

$/barrel (prices of 2005)

WEO 2006 WEO 2005 WEO 2004 WEO 2002 WEO 2007

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3. Russia in the world: energy perspective

► GDP – 2,3% of the World

► Population – 2,3% of the World

► Primary Energy – 10,3% of the World

► Export of energy – 4,7%

► Internal consumption – 5,6% (including exported energy intensive goods, ex.

aluminium)

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Russia in the world: energy perspective (continuation)

Russia is country with mostly diversified export by energy sources

 Gas – more than 30% of production

 Oil – about 65% of production

 Coal – about 30% of production

+ energy intensive goods (see. page 10)

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4. Priorities of Russia on energy security provision

► Reliable contractor – sustainability of budget revenues flows and credibility of private

companies commitments

► Cooperation on B2B level – NC +TNC (using of competitive advantages)

► Exchange of assets – commitments credibility

► Combined co-opreation (oil-water, China)

► Internal problems: renovation of generation capacities 4,5 MWt for decade vs. 8 MWt

each year in soviet period, combined

generation and heating etc.

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5. Russia and energy efficiency

► Energy sector is one of major contributors to antropologically conditioned GHE

► Contribution to sustaining of climate as a global public good:

 Average GDP growth (for last five years) – around 6,7%

 Average rate of consumption growth – 2,5%

► Increase of energy efficiency corresponds to long-term conditions for economic development in Russia (lower demand in the long-run – compliance with WTO

requirement on energy sources prices - decrease of risks of resource curse )

► Strategic priorities for Russia: modernization of

economy “from energy dependence” but based on

resources from energy sector

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6. Conlusions

► Two senses of energy security: climate (energy intensity/efficiency) & sustainability of

supply/demand dynamic balance

► Important role of Russia in energy security

provision in both senses from the long-run

perspective

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