In addition, the definitive naming of the ongoing book has improved its visual affordability and accessibility for the users to grab the book and start reading. The right table compares week 1 and 2's total frequency of the book's collection time and the total time after the book was collected from Bookly.
BACKGROUND
In this regard, a previous study (Rouncefield, M., & Tolmie, P., 2011) revealed that the storage method and location at home is directly connected to its topology, that is, as messages that the reading state contained therein. A previous study (Rouncefield, M., & Tolmie, P., 2011) showed that the certain book's storage method and location at home are directly linked to its topology, in other words, they act as messages that inform the reading state .
DESIGN GOAL & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
Therefore, the technology must maintain a sufficiently high perceived value with the user so that the use of the technology is not interrupted. Through sporadic interaction in time, we wanted to create an immediate interaction response based on the user's reading action.
E NHANCING R EADING I NTEREST AND M OTIVATION THROUGH M ETHOD AND I NTERACTIVE D EVICE
FeelSeeve (Yannier, N. et al, 2015) is an interface that allows children to feel story events through their hands while using an e-book (Figure 8). They confirmed the potential that this haptic feedback could make the reading experience more memorable and improve their engagement while reading. The reading robot Minnie also supported the reader to motivate by reminding him to read.
This encouraged them to perceive reading with a robot and develop reading interest and ability.
M ATERIALITY OF P APER B OOKS
Like Magic Story Cube, Mixed Reality Book (Figure 11) and Flippin' (Figure 12), there are many studies suggesting an interactive reading device based on the topological message that physical books convey (Zhou et al., 2014; Grasset et al , 2007; Koichi et al., 2017). They combine the materiality of books and the functionality of digital to promote interest and engagement in reading.
DESDIGN FEATURES
Moreover, instead of indicating how many books or pages were read, we set the unit of data collection as time considering that people may spend and feel differently regardless of the number of pages read. In more detail, the only communicable part of the book on the bookshelf is the spine (Matsushita, K et al., 2011), which is close to passive to attract readers. Thus, while designing Bookly, one of the main considerations was to differentiate between a currently read book and others positionally.
The volumetric movement was performed over the ongoing book placement to connect the flow of user taking out the book and the following accumulation.
ITERATIVE DESIGN PROCESS
Bookly's header design gave the user the flow of time in a slightly different form and expressed it in a more abstract way. We wanted to show the passage of time in a natural way and avoid direct interactions of the watch at the same time. The 1-hour-per-turn indicator method remained, and the time-accumulation expression was newly defined as vertical expansion.
As mentioned above, instead of using objective indicators such as the number of books or the number of book pages, we used an abstract indicator of time to use a unit that can contain the meaning of each user.
IMPLEMENTATION
USE OF BOOKLY
When the needle on the outer disk touches the upper cooper line, it means the user is at the starting point. When the needle hits the bottom line, it means the target time has been reached and the user can see the maximum volume. When the user wants to pause reading after reading, he/she can place the book upside down on a mountain-shaped lower body (Figure 18d).
When the user has filled to the maximum volume (Figure 18e), the user can see the illuminated LED below the outer disc with the maximum volume (Figure 18e).
STUDY GOAL
METHODOLOGY
P4 and P6's Bookly was placed on a desk at home, while P2 (Figure 23b) placed her Bookly on a startup office desk. Pre-interview on day 1, mid-interview on day 7 and final interview on day 14 (Figure 24). Additionally, to analyze changes in reading volume or participant pattern, we collected log data to mark each time a book was picked up and returned to Bookly.
The position of the book you pick up and changes in reading time.
FROM VOLUME CHANGE TO READING HABIT
After seeing how their reading routines are in the first week, all users started to create independent time to read within their schedule or try to adopt different reading patterns to improve their recognized weaknesses during the last interview. So, I thought I would like to have more time to read longer, not fragmentary." In detail, P1 and P5 said at the beginning when the counting starts from minimum volume, they partially thought when and how to read until it reaches the goal Furthermore, three participants said that they set certain times in their day to read, such as "when there are few people in the office after work (P2)," "before they go to bed (P3)" and "morning before exercise (P6)." As we can know from the log data (Figure 25), P2 and P3's number of picking up their book decreased on the 2nd week, but they spent more time reading.
Moreover, users can be constantly motivated through this and encouraged to find a time to read in the existing schedule.
LOWERING THE WALL TOWARD READING ACTIVITY
All the participants who mentioned the book seem to be temporarily located after reading and very soon it will feel like it needs to be organized somewhere else. But with Bookly, they noticed that the book seemed to be arranged and settled in the right place. Through this, Bookly's presence allowed the book itself to deliver the message that this book is constantly in progress and naturally brings about its accessibility through the use of implied message that the paper book's storage form and location has (Hupfeld, A., & Rodden, T., 2014; Rouncefield, M., & Tolmie, P., 2011).
P4 called the accumulative time his “concentrated time.” Five participants indicated that Bookly's gentle but recognizable movement while reading allows them to concentrate more on reading while having the book at hand.
DISCUSSION & LIMITIATION
Thus, similar to previous studies (Consolvo, S et al., 2009; Locke, A. and Latham, P., 2002), the continuous indirect perception of the flow of time after setting an individual goal can induce self-efficacy and lead to the subsequent performance of the intended task ( Locke, A. and Latham, P., 2002). Exposing physicalized metadata (Odom, W & Duel, T., 2018) related to the desired work to be done through a tangible object in everyday life can act as a symbolization of the intended work (Willett, W. et al., 2017) . In addition, the physical referent's existence can be transformed into self-representation in public space or when someone visits their space and has the opportunity to initiate a conversation about their goal by publicly displaying a desire for the object (Hornecker, E., & Buur, J., 2006). ; Hupfeld, A. and Rodden, T., 2014; Jansen, Y. et al., 2015).
By giving a tangible existence to the metadata for the digitized readable content, the physicality that recalls the digital reading content will increase its active awareness and existence (Festinger, L., 1962; Hornecker, E., & Buur, J ., 2006).
DESIGN IMPLICATION
Such short-term plans, which are seriously considering implementation but have not committed to action, can be found in stage 2, the contemplation stage. By first choosing one plan to use with the device, a short-term plan stuck in the thinking phase can move into the preparation phase. Even after one short-term plan is completed, the presence of the device will soon connect users to consider the next short-term action, which will lead them to the second stage of thinking and go through it in a cycle.
This can be seen as a maintenance level to carry out one-time plans to another.
EVERYDAY DESIGN ARTIFACT FOR ACHIEVING SMALL GOALS
By expanding the reading activity to any kind of one-off plans that were difficult to carry out due to the poor motivation, we were able to apply the value in more various goals (Figure 27). To do this, we thought of the direction to seal the indication of a goal in any way and connect it to the object to be a button to set D-day. So using a small box that can contain a post-it to write down the goal with a pen, its use can naturally be linked to the input button of a link interaction when closed.
As such, the part that silently shows the progress at the same speed was inspired to put constant belt movement as one of the interactions.
FUTURE STUDY
SUMMARY AND CONTRIBUTIONS
시간 단위를 사용하게 된 이유는 사람마다 책을 읽으면서 생각하는 시간, 다른 책으로 바꾸기 전 무엇을 읽을지 고민하는 시간 등 사람마다 다를 수 있는 데이터를 활용해 사람들의 자립심을 돕기 위함이었다. . 이를 통해 장소가 주는 자신의 의지의 메시지를 강조하고 싶었다. 스승님의 삶이 발전으로 가득 차 있을 수 있었던 것은 제가 늘 벽이라고 생각하고 망설이던 상황을 선생님께서 함께 생각해 주셨기 때문입니다.
덕분에 나의 하루는 더욱 다양해졌고 석사과정도 잘 마무리할 수 있었다.
