This conference was co-organized by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy of the Republic of Korea (MKE), the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (MOE). Mikhailov, Director of the Energy Efficiency Department, INTER RAO, Russia, gave a presentation on “Energy Efficiency and Savings in the Industrial Sector”.
Issue & Focus
For China to secure a role for itself in the Arctic, measures were taken in 2007 to launch a national research program covering ten Arctic projects of geopolitical interest: The Arctic and Human Society. This energy interest puts it in potential confrontation with Russia, which has claimed much of the Arctic as its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the UN Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
China’s Newest Energy Frontier: the Arctic
Russia's dependence on energy is well known, and the US Geological Survey has reported that 25 percent of expected future undiscovered energy supplies are in the Arctic. The Russian section of the Arctic. In 2010, China, interested in stable energy supplies, was offered "mutually beneficial and constructive cooperation" in the exploration and exploitation of the regional natural resource base with Russia. 16.
China’s Entry into the Arctic
As a result, China has publicly declared its interests in the Arctic and demands that it be taken into account. Guo Peiqing said that the disputes in the Arctic are actually "Russia and some other states". Even if that claim is unsuccessful, some Chinese Arctic specialists have expressed concern that the commercial advantage of the Arctic routes would be significantly reduced than Russia.
There are no long-term relationships, outspoken adversaries or outspoken allies in the Arctic yet.
Production of Hydrogen Energy in the Far East
It is found in significant amounts in water and fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Both Russian and foreign experts have predicted that commercially viable supplies of essential fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas will rapidly run out in the next 20-30 years. The result of this reaction is pure water, making hydrogen the most environmentally friendly fuel, even more so than natural gas.
In fact, hydrogen obtained by this method becomes an artificially created energy source, unlike fossil fuels.
Construction of Hydrogen-Producing Plant in the Sakhalin Region)
Accordingly, three of the most suitable regions for the production of hydrogen using wind power were Patagonia (Argentina), the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA) and the Sakhalin region (Russia). Sergienko, Chairman of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (FEB RAS). On the basis of the feasibility study, a general plan for the realization of the project will be developed, for which the parties will.
The capacity of the power plant will be programmed for electricity produced by 10 wind generators of 1 MW each.
China’s Energy Situation
In search of energy security, China has sought to increase the number of oil and gas suppliers from various regions, near and far. In this context, neighboring Central Asia, with its significant oil and gas reserves, has become a natural supplier. All indicators point to the continuity and expansion of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia in the near future, and even beyond.
However, this cooperation will have a negative effect on the bilateral relations of China and Central Asia not only with Russia, but also with the United States and the European Union, as it will reduce the power and influence of Moscow, Washington and Brussels in this country. rich in energy. and strategically important region.
Central Asia Redirects its Oil and Gas Exports: The Regional and International Energy and Geopolitical Implications of
Oil and gas imports in 2008 and 2007, the most recent years for which statistics are available, amounted to 3.6 million barrels per day and 4 billion cubic meters respectively.6 As shown in
, the projections for the reference year 2030 are 12 million barrels per day. oil and 117 billion cubic meters of gas.7. It also recommends geographic diversification of suppliers to avoid over-reliance on one region whose instability could lead to a complete or partial cessation of oil and gas supplies. China now imports oil and gas from suppliers in virtually every energy-producing region, namely the Asia Pacific (Australia, Indonesia and Malaysia), the Persian Gulf (Iran, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia).
North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya and Sudan), Southern Africa (Angola, Congo and Nigeria), Eurasia, including Russia and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), and Latin America (Venezuela).8 These are now showing interest in the Southern Caucasus' only oil and gas exporter, Azerbaijan, and Latin America's other oil and gas exporters (eg Bolivia and Ecuador).
Central Asia’s Energy Situation
This has been reflected in its expanding relationship with many oil and gas exporting countries on unfriendly or hostile terms with the Western powers (US and EU) without regard to the latter's objections.
Sino- Central Asian Energy Ties
Setting the Stage
Sino- Central Asian Energy Cooperation
The KPP symbolically ended Turkmenistan's and, by default, Central Asia's exclusive dependence on Russia for gas exports. Russia's leading role in regional gas exports was also severely damaged in December 2009 when the first phase of the Central Asian Gas Pipeline became operational to provide annual gas exports from Turkmenistan (30 bcm) and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (10 bcm in total) ) when it reaches its maximum export capacity by 2014.23 Finally, the inauguration in January of the Dauletabad-Sarakhs-Khangiran (DSK) Gas Pipeline was a major development not only because of the pipeline's specifics, but especially because of its importance .24 Having initial and final capacities of 6 bcm and 12 bcm, respectively, the pipeline connects Turkmenistan's Dauletabad gas field (in which Iran has invested) to Iran's Shahid Hasheminejad gas refinery in Khangiran. The DSK will enable Turkmenistan to increase its gas exports to Iran from 8 bcm through KKP to 20 bcm when it reaches its maximum capacity.
The aforementioned projects have helped Central Asia significantly reduce its dependence on Russia for gas exports and to some extent for oil exports.
Impact on China’s Bilateral Relations with Powers Having Stakes in
China's growing influence in Central Asia and especially its growing energy relations with it are also a source of concern for the Western powers, the United States and the EU. Energy interests are the main reason why Western powers are entering Central Asia in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The declining role of Western countries in Central Asia's oil and gas exports will also significantly reduce their importance to the region.
Therefore, China's growing influence in Central Asia, which is partly reflected in its growing energy cooperation with the local energy suppliers, is certainly a source of concern for the Western powers and, of course, Russia.
Prospect of Sino-Central Asian Cooperation and Future Challenges
As a likely scenario, increased exports will further reduce the availability of supplies from Central Asia to Western markets for the foreseeable future, a clear source of concern and discontent in Western countries that rely on such supplies for a portion of their energy needs. Apart from India, which is a longer-term source of concern for Western powers, others are blacklisted by the latter for various reasons. Claiming a higher status, it penetrated other regions important to Western powers (the Middle East and Latin America).
In short, China's growing influence in Central Asia, as reflected in part by its growing energy cooperation with regional energy suppliers, is certainly a concern for Western powers and, of course, Russia.
Background Information
The Energy and Environment Situation
Mongolia’s Sustainable Energy Development Policy
This has contributed to serious air pollution and transport problems, as well as a sharp increase in energy demand, which is expected to grow further. In 2008, Mongolia's per capita emissions from fuel combustion were 4.33 tonnes/capita, which is 1.5 times the average for non-OECD countries. In terms of GHG emissions from fuel combustion in 2006 by source, the energy industry accounted for 64 percent, manufacturing and construction 3 percent, business and residential 12 percent, transportation 19 percent, and other 2 percent [Figure 2].
Furthermore, greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fuels in the industrial sector are expected to increase by a factor of 4.3 in 2020 and by a factor of 7.0 in 2030 compared to the base year 2006.
Policies and Measures for
Sustainable Energy Development
A special feature of Mongolia is that 90 percent of the total energy used is used to insulate buildings. The aim of the project is to improve the efficiency of energy use in Mongolian buildings. The purpose of the project is to connect Mongolia with neighboring countries and seaports in the shortest possible way.
Currently, renewable energy accounts for 4.34 percent of the country's installed national energy capacity
.
Improvement of Legal Environment for Sustainable Energy Development
An Air Pollution Charges Law: An Air Pollution Charges Law has been passed in Mongolia. The main concept of the law is that a person or an organization that causes air pollution must pay money, and this money must be used to reduce air pollution. The law on air pollution charges is not just a method to collect money, it must reduce air pollution and create benefits for companies to produce end products.
According to the law, cars running on electricity and gas (or new cars) are exempt from the fee.
CNNC Pays More Attention to the Independent Innovation leading the
The 12th five-year plan is the comprehensive construction of a prosperous society, but also the key period of China's nuclear engineering, especially the nuclear power industry, to speed up the development of an important period of opportunity. As the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNPC), China's main nuclear power generation enterprises, completed their respective "11th Five-Year" overall planning goals and main tasks, the core competencies of the two enterprises were. noticeably improved. In light of the new situation and new opportunities, as well as the five-year development plans and ten-year development strategies of CNNC and CGNPC, some new trends and new characteristics are evident.
The New Characteristics and Trends of China’s 1 Main Nuclear Power Companies’ Strategy
In the face of new conditions and new opportunities, as well as five-year development plans and ten-year plans.
Development
It will also take effective measures to increase the level of nuclear safety and ensure safety checks in the construction of nuclear power plants. Through these R&D activities, CNNC at the Generation III nuclear power technology level will occupy the initiative. Based on domestic Generation II+ enhanced and Generation III nuclear power engineering projects, CNNC will establish a.
During the twelfth five-year period, the CNNC will continue to build a specialized platform for objectives, gradually establishing and perfecting intensive, specialization of the operation pattern and standardization of nuclear power plant construction, the lean management system for nuclear power plant construction .
Makes Efforts to Establish
International First-class Clean Energy Enterprises
CGNPC signed a cooperation agreement with Tsinghua University of China for joint participation in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor Generation Ⅳ nuclear power technology development and construction. With China actively developing solar energy, CGNPC established CGNPC solar energy enterprises, speeding up the development and construction of solar energy projects. Water, electricity and other new forms of energy are important components of CGNPC's future business.
By the end of the decade, the CGNPC will have a hydropower rights capacity of, among others, 3,410 MW, with an installed capacity of 1,200 MW, less than 600 MW.
Several Enlightenment Notice Differential Operation
Slobodan, Peterson 2000, “India and Central Asia: Imperative for Regional Cooperation in Peace and Security in Central Asia”, Occasional Paper Series, New Delhi..
Development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Diplomacy of Japan Towards the Central Asia Introduction 3 Part I Historical Background of the SCO 4 1.1 Starting the
They mention the energy sector, building the Transpolar Sea Route, a revival of the Khasan-Rajin joint project in which Russia can participate, an electricity grid in North- east Asia
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Cebu Declaration on Cebu Declaration on ERIA’s ContributionERIA’s Contribution 9 Set individual goals and formulate action plans l il f i i ffi i East Asian Energy Security East
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