The features of the process and directions of industrial infrastructure development in the region // International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. The transformation of the economic-geographical region of Aran into the main electricity region of the republic has played a special role in the development of urban settlements. The urban population continues to grow and the share of the rural population is decreasing.
Most of the cities and settlements in the economic-geographical region were created mainly during the Soviet Union. Currently, the share of the urban population of the region in the country has decreased compared to 1999 (Table 1). There are 39 settlements in the urban settlement system of the Aran economic-geographical region.
The Laki settlement is an urban settlement with a relatively large population in the settlement system of the Aran economic-geographical region. Other urban settlements in the economic-geographical region are very small in terms of population. Natural growth (81%) was the main factor in the growth of the urban population in the economic-geographical region during the period 1999-2017.
About Zhang Qian's contribution to the development of the silk road // Economic Research Guide.
КАРТОГРАФИЯ ЖӘНЕ ГЕОИНФОРМАТИКА
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATICS
КАРТОГРАФИЯ И ГЕОИНФОРМАТИКА
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF PLANT COVER OF THE BEREZOVKA RIVERHEAD OF THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN REGION BASED ON NDVI. One of these small rivers is the Berezovka River in the Burlinsky District of the West Kazakhstan Oblast. The development of the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field has had a significant impact on the agricultural landscapes of this area.
The Berezovka River is located on the right bank of the Ural River in the northeastern part of the West Kazakhstan region (figure 1). The sharp dryness of the climate does not contribute to the development of a dense network of rivers in this area. The hydrographic network of the area is formed by the Berezovka River, which dries up in summer, and its tributaries.
The land cover of the watershed surfaces is mainly represented by dark chestnut brown normal soils. The duration of the vegetation period of vegetation cover in the Berezovka river basin; in the northern half 155-160 days, and the southern half 160-165 days. The landscapes of the Berezovka river basin are the landscapes of accumulative plains of the dry-steppe zone.
In this case, any influence on the formation of the ground cover leads to the processes of degradation and desertification of the territory. The spatial distribution of the vegetation index in the territory of the Berezovka basin in 2019 is shown in Figures 8-10. The development of the oil and gas complex is a strong source of negative impact on various components of natural systems.
The main environmental problems of the earth include heavy metal pollution, radionuclide emissions, etc. According to one version, the reason is the dynamics of the groundwater level caused by the increase in the water level in the reservoir on the Berezovka River. In general, there is a decrease in the vegetation index from south to north with a sharp increase in the floodplain of the Ilek River.
МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ГИДРОЛОГИЯ
METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY
МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ И ГИДРОЛОГИЯ
The study examined the low-water flow of the Ili River in the Kapshagai Gorge. As a result of the analysis of hydrographers, the dates of the beginning and end of the low water periods of the Ile River were clarified. The low water discharge characteristics are calculated for the low water periods in autumn and winter.
It was revealed that after the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir along the Ili River, there was a change in the low water flow. For these periods, the statistical parameters of the low water flow of autumn and winter low tides were calculated. It is shown that during the period of increased anthropogenic load on the Ili River, the coefficient of variation for the low-water flow series in the autumn low-water period increased more than twice, and for the winter period - significantly.
The values of 75-97% of the low water consumption confidence were determined for each period separately. It is shown that the low water flow in the Ili River has decreased significantly during the last period. All methods of forecasting snow avalanches used in the work of the snow avalanche service in Kazakhstan were developed in the 80s of the XX century.
In the laboratory for natural hazards at the Department of Geography and Water Safety, work is being done to study advanced scientific methods for assessing and predicting avalanche danger. During the winter period from December 2020 to April 2021, an experiment was conducted to assess the level of avalanche danger near the city of Almaty and to issue a weekly avalanche bulletin. The main objective of the project is to adapt the experience of the Swiss Institute for Snow and Avalanches (SLF) to the conditions in Kazakhstan.
This method is recommended to be used in the operational work of Kazhydromet and Kazselezashchita. Artificial intelligence: philosophy, methodology, innovations: materials of the Fifth All-Russian Conference, Moscow, MGTU and MIREA, in November. Estimation of intra-annual flow distribution of the Shu-Talas river basin during the last decade.
The intra-annual distribution of discharge over the past decades was estimated, and the results of the surveys were compared and analyzed with the results given in the “Surface Water Resources of the USSR” for the basin in question. Hydrological monitoring of the rivers of the Shu-Talas basin and its development.] Gıdrometeorologiya ı ekologia.
ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ
GEOECOLOGY
Significant degradation of the soil, which plays the important role in maintaining ecological balance, is the result of anthropogenic human activity, that is the waste of large factories that they build, the spread of gas-powered vehicles, the dumping of various types garbage, and the activities of life. As a result of human anthropogenic impact, the characteristics of the soil change, and its capacity for self-purification weakens. This can cause disturbances in soil metabolism, and as a result, deterioration of soil mineralization processes, and the increase in the concentration of heavy metal ions in the soil and groundwater used for drinking purposes, which can cause serious diseases in the population.
Therefore, soil contamination with heavy metals and diagnosing its condition is an urgent topic. This paper discusses the possibility of using earthworms for bioindication of land cover status in southern Kazakhstan. Bioindicators: a natural indicator of environmental pollution, Frontiers in Life Science, 2016, – Р. Fuleky G, Barna S Biotesting of heavy metal pollution in soil // Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 3. Biological indicators for detection of pollution in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, Bulletin of the National Research Center, 2020.
Тезисы докладов международной конференции «Биодиагностика в экологической оценке почвы и прилегающих сред». Для определения потери почвы использовали: эрозионный потенциал отложений, тип почвы, механический состав, крутизну склонов, растительность, типы распашки, модель прогноза эрозии, универсальное уравнение потери почвы и программу ArcGIS 10.4. В результате исследования для каждой свалки определен средний уровень смыва почвы в бассейне реки Нура.
Процентное соотношение коэффициента А бассейна реки Нуры показывает, что вариация составляет от 0,01 до 3,15 т/га/год. Для улучшения эрозионной ситуации в бассейне реки Нура необходимо снизить показатели таких коэффициентов, как К – коэффициент эрозии почвы и С – коэффициент вида сельскохозяйственной культуры = Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в качестве основы для разработки конкретных планов охраны земель содействовать устойчивому управлению земельными ресурсами. Индикаторы эрозии почвы были экспортированы в слои зон окружающей среды в программном обеспечении ArgGIS 10.4 на основе объединения таблиц и интерполяции с использованием метода естественного соседства в наборе инструментов Spatial Analyst.
Для создания территории бассейна реки Нура в программе ArcGIS 10.4 использовались спутниковые снимки цифровых моделей рельефа (ЦМР) с маркерами высот. После выполнения всех операций в программе ArcGIS 10.4 получился участок суши бассейна реки Нура с речной сетью (рис. 3). После операции интерполяции в ArcGis 10.4 был получен шейп-файл с использованием изолиний для Карагандинской области (рис. 5) и построена карта осадков бассейна.
