PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS
8.5 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PUBLICATIONS
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSSingapore Thailand Malaysia Australia Taiwan S.Korea China India Japan -- 0
500
192 182
111
401 515
1,242
1,517 1,539
2,766
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
Figure 8.6: Number of Papers in the field of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology between selected ASEAN Countries, Asia-Pacific countries and India
Source: Thomson ISI®National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Source: Thomson ISI®National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005) 0
1,000,000
5,826,486 1,303,098 1,274,328 1,204,674 930,649 760,495 554,817 413,001 411,148 382,411
2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000
USA JAPAN GERMANY ENGLAND FRANCE CANADA ITALY AUSTRALIA CHINA INDIA
Figure 8.7: The Top Ten countries in terms of Total Share of World Papers for the period 1981-2005
NumberofPapers
Countries
NumberofPapers
Countries
In Table 8.1, the Top 10 fields of research in the world for 2001-2005 shows that the Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/ Materials Science is still the leading field with Physics just behind. Figure 8.9 shows the trends of some ASEAN nations in the selected Top Ten Fields of Research in the world for the period 2001-2005. Except for the Physical Chemistry &
Chemical Physics, Malaysia lags behind Thailand in the fields of Physics, Biochemistry &
Biophysics, Material Science & Engineering and Organic Chemistry & Polymer Chemistry.
Malaysia’s contribution to the above fields suggests that tremendous efforts must be made in the next few years. In the field of Physics, Singapore contributed to 0.3% of the world output in the 2001-2005 whereas Malaysia had only produced 0.04%. An examination of the publishing trends of Taiwan, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Ireland and Japan as depicted in Figures 8.10 - 8.15, might provide a template for the focus areas that Malaysia need to develop in her quest to achieve a developed economic power in the next 15 years.
Malaysia’s share
of papers in Materials Science worldwide has decreased from about 9.28% share in 2002 to 6.48%.
Out of the 70 odd journals in the field of Physics listed in the NSIOD, Malaysia authors contributed only 13 out of the 42,532 papers in 2005. In 1981, there were 9 papers out of the 19,699 papers.
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSField % Contribution to
Total papers No. of Papers Applied Physics/Condensed
Matter/Mat Science 7.4 297,411
Physics 4.54 182,550
Physical Chemistry/Chemical
Phys 3.86 155,139
Neurosciences & Behavior 3.76 150,988
Biochemistry & Biophysics 3.51 141,113
Materials Science and
Engineering 3.42 137,580
Organic Chemistry/Polymer
Science 2.85 114,688
Medical Research, Organs &
Systems 2.8 112,367
Chemistry & Analysis 2.78 111,842
Earth Sciences 2.73 109,705
Table 8.1: Comparison of Top 10 fields relative to World Papers (2001-2005)
Source: Thomson ISI®National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Chemistry (7%)
Chemistry
& Analysis (8%)
Organic
Chemistry/Polymer Science (8%)
Medical Research, Organs & Systems (8%)
Physical Chemistry/
Chemical Physics (10%)
Neurosciences &
Behavior (10%)
Biochemistry &
Biophysics (11%) Physics (12%) Applied Physics/Condensed
Matter/ Mathematical Sciences (18%) Materials
Sciences and Engineering (8%)
Figure 8.8: Top Ten Fields of Research (1981-2005) by World Share of papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSFigure 8.9: Comparison of selected Top Research fields by Number of Papers for selected ASEAN countries (2001-2005)
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
SINGAPORE THAILAND MALAYSIA
0 200 400 600
Countries
NumberofPapers
Org.Chem & Poly.Chem Physics
0 200
400600 Mat. Sci & Eng 2500
500750
10001250 Phys.Chem & Chem.Phys 5000
10001500
20002500 BioChem & BioPhys 2000
400 600
Figure 8.10: Taiwan's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
3744 3789 3943
5246 5760
5845 6246
8459 10164
17726 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences Materials Sciences and Engineering Electric & Electronic
Engineering Organic Chemistry/
Polymer Science Mechanical Engineering Physical Chemistry/
Chemical Physics Physics Pharmacology &
Toxicology ArtificiaI Intelligence, Robotics & Auto Control Medical Research, Organs & System
Fields
Number of Papers
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSFigure 8.11: Republic of Korea's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Fields
Number of Papers
5132 6210
6323 7923
8051 8097 8356
12398 14229
26854
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
Pharmacology & Toxicology Mechanical Engineering Biochemistry & Biophysics Chemistry Electric & Electronic Engineering Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics Organic Chemistry/Polymer Science Physics Materials Sciences and Engineering Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences
Figure 8.12: Singapore's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Fields
Number of Papers
6214 4110
3583 2116
1965 1921 1610 1422 1280 1164
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Optics & Acoustics
Mathematics Organic Chemistry/Polymer Science Civil Engineering Artificial lnteligence, Robotic & Auto Control Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics Mechanical Engineering Electric & Electronic Engineering Materials Sciences and Engineering Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSFigure 8.13: Australia's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Fields
Number of Papers
11566 11668 11697
12971 13863
13928 14809
15234
15316
18368
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 Animal Science
General & Internal Medicine Psychology Medical Research, Organs &
System Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences Neurosciences & Behaviour Plant Sciences Medical Research, General Environment/Ecology Earth Sciences
Figure 8.14: Ireland's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Fields
Number of Papers
3370 2397
1805 1684 1669 1660 1605 1440 1340 1326
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Medical Research, Diagnosis & Treatment
Biochemistry & Biophysics Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics Microbiology Food Science/Nutrition Neurosciences & Behaviour Medical Research, Organs & System Physics Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences General & Internal Medical
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONSFigure 8.15: Japan's Top Ten Fields of Research by Number of Papers
Source: Thomson ISI® National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Fields
Number of Papers 44457
45825 53984
55352 58393
59752 59868 64426
81544
166302 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 Pharmacology & Toxicology
Neurosciences & Behaviour Chemistry Materials Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry & Analysis Physics Physical Chemistry/
Chemical Physics Organic Chemistry/Polymer Science Biochemistry & Biophysics Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/
Mathematical Sciences
In Figure 8.16, the contribution by USA, UK, EU, Japan and Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) shows that in the last 5 years, there has been a visible growth of papers from the Asia-Pacific region and EU. The USA’s share of world papers dropped from 37.54% in 2001 to 36.71% in 2005 whereas in the Asia-Pacific increased from 9.15% to 10.62%. This increase is possibly due to the fast growth in China’s contribution from 1.98% to 2.59%. Malaysia’s share of world papers has actually stagnated at 0.08-0.09% during the same period. During the same period, the Thai’s contribution showed a slow growth from 0.1% to 0.13% and Singapore grew from 0.23% to 0.31%. There has been rising concerns in US, about the decreasing share of its world dominance in S&T publications as detailed in the NSB 2006 S&E Indicators.
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
USA EU UK Japan Asia - Pacific
(exclude Japan)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Journal No. of Papers (2001 -2005)
1981 -2000 NATURE
(Impact
factor: 32.18) 2 5
SC IENCE (Impact
factor:31.85) 6 4
LANCET (Impact
Factor:21.71) 14 38
Table 8.2: Quantity of papers published by Malaysian scientists/authors in High impact Journals such as Nature, Science and Lancet
Source: Thomson ISI®National Citation Report for Malaysia
Source: Thomson ISI®National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Figure 8.16: Percentage of World Share of Papers for 2001-2005 for selected Countries and Regions
%ofWorldShareofPapers
Countries
37.54 37.33 37.12 36.93 36.71 35.42 35.61 35.77 35.89 35.99 8.98 8.98 8.97 8.97 8.95 8.11 8.04 8.18 8.20 8.21 9.15 9.46 9.81 10.18 10.62
Malaysia’s academic organizations are the continuing drivers of the nation’s S&T output as measured using the NCR-Malaysia. In Figure 8.17, the top Malaysian organizations in terms of papers & citation output are depicted for 2001-2005. Universiti Malaya continues to be the leading player with 1,665 papers and followed closely by Universiti Sains Malaysia at 1,395 papers. Universiti Putra Malaysia and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia follow next.
The present study also analysed the papers published by Malaysian scientists/authors in some of the top journals by the 2004 impact factors (IF). Table 8.2 shows the journals and the quantity of papers for the period 2001-2005. There are some significant points to be noted. In 2005, there were 4 papers published in Science originating from the National Museum, UKM and UPM (2 papers). The two 2005 papers in Nature were from the Dept of Survey & Mapping- UTM and the Sabah Park. The papers in the top medical journal, Lancet, were mainly from Universiti Malaya.
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PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
1,665
1,395
1,072
799
NumberofPapers
UM USM UPM UKM
Public Higher Education Institutions
Source: Thomson ISI®National Citation Report for Malaysia
0 100 200 300 400 500
Number of Papers Ng, SW
Fun, HK Chantrapromma, S
Usman, A Razak, IA Yamin, BM Ahmad, H Ismail, H Gao, S Huo, LH
Authors
Figure 8.18: Top 10 individual Scientists by Number of Publications (2001-2005)
Source: Thomson ISI®National Citation Report for Malaysia
Figure 8.17: Publication output in Malaysia by academic organizations (2001-2005)
Among the GRI’s, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board and the Institute of Medical Research are among the top 3 institutions but the ISI publications of these GRI’s are still lagging behind the older academic organizations in Malaysia.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
USA EU UK Japan Asia - Pacific
(exclude Japan)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Journal No. of Papers (2001 -2005)
1981 -2000 NATURE
(Impact
factor: 32.18) 2 5
SC IENCE (Impact
factor:31.85) 6 4
LANCET (Impact
Factor:21.71) 14 38
Table 8.2: Quantity of papers published by Malaysian scientists/authors in High impact Journals such as Nature, Science and Lancet
Source: Thomson ISI®National Citation Report for Malaysia
Source: Thomson ISI®National Science Indicators Deluxe 2006 edition (1982-2005)
Figure 8.16: Percentage of World Share of Papers for 2001-2005 for selected Countries and Regions
%ofWorldShareofPapers
Countries
37.54 37.33 37.12 36.93 36.71 35.42 35.61 35.77 35.89 35.99 8.98 8.98 8.97 8.97 8.95 8.11 8.04 8.18 8.20 8.21 9.15 9.46 9.81 10.18 10.62