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A sample is a subset of the population that has been chosen to represent the entire population (Acharya et al., 2013). Because the entire population can be studied, researchers must take a sample. For this study, the researcher will be using the non- probability sampling. There are numerous non-probability sampling methods. The convenience sampling method is used for this study because it is the most often used by researchers. Convenience sampling has the benefits of being less expensive and not requiring a list of every component of the population. (Acharya et al., 2013).
Sekaran and Bougie (2013) and Zikmund et al. (2013) discussed that the unit of analysis needs to be stated to find a solution to the research challenge. The unit of analysis will be used in the measurement of variables (Neuman, 1997; Sekaran &
Bougie, 2013). It can take the form of a in individual group, business and organizational units. For this research, the unit of analysis for the data collection are employees from the oil and gas workers attached to Floating, Storage and Offloading (FSO) operations department. This individual consists of managers, executives, engineers, safety and health officers, supervisors, technicians and general workers.
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Table 3 Five (5) Point Likert Scale
Judgement Scale
Strongly disagree 1
Disagree 2
Agree nor disagree 3
Agree 4
Strongly Agree 5
The questionnaires instrument will be divided into three (3) parts which are Demographic Information, Behavioural Approaches and Safety Management Practices as described in 3.5.1.
3.4.1 Behavioural Approaches and Safety Management Practices:
Questionnaire Development
The questionnaire development was derived and adapted from previous studies as follows:
The behavioural approaches questionnaire was adapted from a study by Cox et al., (2004) which covers 4 dimensions. The dimensions are as follows:
1. Impact and Use of Feedback
Code Statement
MGT1 Management knows how to handle with consequence of observations.
MGT2 Safety problems are quickly resolved.
MGT3 Behavioural approaches improved positive opinion.
MGT4 Behavioural approaches increase employee interaction with the supervisors.
MGT5 Behavioural approaches increase awareness.
MGT6 Behavioural approaches have improved employee skills.
27 2. Maintenance and Sustainability
3. Movement and Trust
4. Management Influence
MGT7 Behavioural approaches improved communication.
MGT8 Behavioural approaches do motivate employees.
MGT9 Behavioural approaches help in the changing of employee attitudes.
MGT10 Behavioural approaches are beneficial because it allows employees to share their knowledge and experience.
Code Statement
MS1 When changes occur within the organisation, behavioural approaches are maintained.
MS2 Behavioural approaches have improved employee driven solution
MS3 Behavioural approaches have provided opportunities for all workers to participate.
MS4 Behavioural approaches have increased the role of safety.
MS5 Behavioural approaches are helpful in maintaining site safety.
Code Statement
MT1 Behavioural approaches must be built on a relationship of trust.
MT2 Behavioural approaches are important in improving safety.
MT3 Behavioural approaches are helpful in maintaining site safety.
Code Statement
MIT1 Management presence is essential for behavioural approaches to succeed.
MIT2 Effective leadership is important in improving safety.
MIT3 Behavioural approaches are helpful in maintaining site safety.
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While safety management practices consisted of two (2) dimensions adapted from instruments of study by VinodKumar and Bhasi (2010), the dimension is as follows:
1. Safety Knowledge
2. Safety Compliance and Participation
Code Statement
SK1 I know how to perform my job safely.
SK2 I know how to use safety equipment such as PPE.
SK3 I understand safety procedures at work.
SK4 I received adequate safety training such as hazard identification.
SK5 I know how to reduce accidents risks at work.
SK6 I know what to do and whom to report if a potential hazard is noticed in my workplace.
SK7 I know how to keep or improve workplace health and safety.
SK8 I know that workplace safety is top priority at work.
SK9 I know that reporting unsafe act or unsafe condition can prevent workplace accident.
Code Statement
SCP1 I will report unsafe act or unsafe condition that could cause accident in the workplace.
SCP2 I will stop work if I feel unsafe doing the job or if I see unsafe condition.
SCP3 If my co-workers behave in unsafe manner, I will intervene.
SCP4 If there is any safety-related issue in my workplace, I immediately report to management.
SCP5 When I do my job, I follow safety rules and procedures.
SCP6 I always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) correctly at work.
SCP7 I encourage my co-workers to do their job safely.
SCP8 I help my co-workers when they are working under risky or hazardous conditions.
SCP9 My supervisor encourages safe behaviours at work.
SCP10 My supervisor discusses safety issues with other workers.
29 3.5 Data Collection Procedure
The approach for gathering data used two different methods. By distributing questionnaires, the initial data was collected. This method of data collecting was chosen since it is practical and affordable compared to other options (Salkind, 2012).
Convenience sampling will be used to distribute the questionnaires directly to the selected employees. The staff members have two (2) weeks to complete the questionnaire. The staff will receive a modest memento to appreciate their willingness to participate in this study. The second technique involved gathering information from Safety Performance Records for the first and second quarters to comprehend accident trends and any safety issues brought up inside the company.