CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5.4 Recommendation for Future Research
Future researchers should collect larger quantity of samples for the study to ensure that the results are more accurate and reliable to be concluded. This is because samples that were collected in this research is only 227, and this number does not represent the whole population of female in Malaysia. Besides, the quantitative method is to export data collected from a small number of respondents out of the population for the purpose of generalisation. Despite the fact that randomization provides credibility to the final result, there are times when the data is useless. Furthermore, it is recommended for the future researches to conduct a qualitative method of collecting data or having both at the same time. This is might be necessary to obtain accurate and trustable data as quantitative research may sometimes have minor errors in understanding the questions or picking on the wrong options and the results may be misleading.
40
REFERENCES
Adil, M., & Chakranarayan, D. V. (2021, June 30). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of female undergraduate students. IARCorsortium. Retrieved March 30,
2022, from
https://www.iarconsortium.org/articles/920_Factors_Affecting_Entrepreneurial_In tention_of_Female_Undergraduate_Students
Afza, T., Mohd Osman, M. H. B., & Rashid, M. A. (2010). Enterprising Behavior of Enterprise-less Rural Women Entrepreneurs of Khyber Pukhtan Khawa of Pakistan.
European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1). Retrieved from http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/37543/2/252-8589041942630557058.pdf.
Agarwal, S., Lenka, U., Singh, K., Agrawal, V., & Agrawal, A. M. (2020, June 28). Hub:
A qualitative approach towards crucial factors for sustainable development of Women Social Entrepreneurship: Indian cases: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123135.
Journal of Cleaner Production. Retrieved March 30, 2022, from https://sci- hub.mksa.top/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123135
Ahmad, R. A., Bakri, N., & Baharun, R. (2016). Motivational Factors of Women Entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 28(2), 1849–1858. Retrieved from http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/636327822066339432.pdf.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683 Al-Jubari, Ibrahim; Hassan, Arif; Liñán, Francisco (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among University students in Malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, (), –. doi:10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0
Al-Mamary, Yaser Hasan Salem; Abdulrab, Mohammed; Alwaheeb, Mohammed A.;
Alshammari, Naif Ghazi M. (2020). Factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Saudi Arabia: testing an integrated model of TPB and EO. Education + Training, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), –. doi:10.1108/ET-04- 2020-0096
Almobaireek, W. N., & Manolova, T. S. (2012). Who wants to be an entrepreneur?
entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi University Students. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11), 4029–4040. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.1521 Amanamah, R. B., Acheampong, A., & Owusu, E. K. (2018). An Exploratory Study Of
Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students In Ghana. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(1). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emmanuel-Owusu-
24/publication/326380788_An_Exploratory_Study_Of_Entrepreneurial_Inte ntion_Among_University_Students_In_Ghana/links/5b48f4ebaca272c6093f6b 66/An-Exploratory-Study-Of-Entrepreneurial-Intention-Among-University- Students-In-Ghana.pdf.
Arshad, A. S., Arshad, A. A., Mokhtar, M., & Rashid, A. A. (2019). Women entrepreneurs in Malaysia: What drives them venturing into business. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(5C), 108–111.
https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e1015.0585c19
41
Bagheri, Afsaneh; Lope Pihie, Zaidatol Akmaliah (2014). The moderating role of gender in shaping entrepreneurial intentions: Implications for vocational guidance.
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(3), 255–273.
doi:10.1007/s10775-014-9269-z
Belas, J., Gavurova, B., Schonfeld, J., Zvarikova, K., Kacerauskas, T. (2017), “Social and Economic Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students”, Transformations in Business & Economics, Vol. 16, No 3 (42), pp.220-239.
Bhuyan, M., & Pathak, D. P. (2017). Understanding entrepreneurial intention of university students in Uttarakhand: an empirical study. Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, VIII(2), 93–100.
https://doi.org/10.18843/ijcms/v8i2/13
Chao C. Chen; Patricia Gene Greene; Ann Crick (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?, 13(4), 0–316. doi:10.1016/s0883- 9026(97)00029-3
Chipfunde, D., Yahaya, S. N., & Othman, N. A. (2021). The determinants influencing the performance of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia: A conceptual framework.
Studies of Applied Economics, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4577 Davidsson, P. (1995, November 23). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. Retrieved
March 26, 2022, from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/2076/1/RENT_IX.pdf
Dayton, D. (2020, August 21). Careers that are male dominated. Chron. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://work.chron.com/careers-male-dominated-10935.html Fetais, Abdulla Hamad M.A.; Ulruhman, Waleed R.U.; Thawadi, Othman Mohammed O.
Al (2019). Assessing the entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate students in a rapidly changing economy. J. for Global Business Advancement, 12(4), 564–.
doi:10.1504/jgba.2019.103315
Fragoso, Rui; Rocha-Junior, Weimar; Xavier, António (2019). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, (), 1–25.
doi:10.1080/08276331.2018.1551459
Gitlin, B. J. (2019, July). (thesis). Investigating Factors Affecting Venture Growth Intention
for Women Entrepreneurs. Retrieved from
https://repository.lib.fit.edu/bitstream/handle/11141/2854/GITLIN- DISSERTATION-2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Henry, Collette; Sweida, Gloria L.; Reichard, Rebecca J. (2013). Gender stereotyping effects on entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and high‐growth entrepreneurial intention.
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(2), 296 – 313.
doi:10.1108/14626001311326743
Huston, S. A. (2018). Factors Associated with Entrepreneurial Intentions in Doctor of Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(9).
Ibrahim, Najafi Auwalu; Mas’ud, Abdulsalam (2016). Moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurial skills, environmental factors and entrepreneurial intention: A PLS approach. Management Science Letters, (), 225–236. doi:10.5267/j.msl.2016.1.005
Ismail, N. N., Nasir, M. K., & Rahman, R. S. (2021). Factors that influence women to be involved in entrepreneurship: A case study in Malaysia. Creative Education, 12(04), 837–847. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.124060
Kadir, S. A., & Rahim Merican, R. M. B. A. (2017). FACTORS INFLUENCING
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG MALAYSIAN YOUTH.
International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business, 2(5), 33–48.
42
Kautonen, Teemu; van Gelderen, Marco; Fink, Matthias (2015). Robustness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), 655–674. doi:10.1111/etap.12056 Khan, M. A. (2019). Dynamics encouraging women towards embracing entrepreneurship.
International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 379–389.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ijge-01-2019-0017
Kusumawardania, K. A., Widyantoe, H. A., & Iswara Deva, I. P. L. (2020). Understanding the entrepreneurial intention of female entrepreneurs in the Balinese tourism industry: Superman is Dead. International Journal of Research in Business and
Social Science, 9(1), 63–79. Retrieved from
http://ssbfnet.com/ojs/index.php/ijrbs/article/view/611/507.
Mahajar, A. J. B., & Mohd YUnus, J. B. (2012). Factors That Encourage Women Involvement in SMEs in Pahang, Malaysia. The Journal of Human Resource and
Adult Learning, 8(2). Retrieved from
http://www.hraljournal.com/Page/5%20abdul%20jumat.pdf.
Mamun, Abdullah Al; Nawi, Noorshella Binti Che; Mohiuddin, Muhammad; Shamsudin, Siti Farhah Fazira Binti; Fazal, Syed Ali (2017). Entrepreneurial intention and startup preparation: A study among business students in Malaysia. Journal of Education for Business, 92(6), 296–314. doi:10.1080/08832323.2017.1365682 Maribel Guerrero; Josep Rialp; David Urbano (2008). The impact of desirability and
feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. , 4(1), 35–50.
doi:10.1007/s11365-006-0032-x
McLAUGHLIN, ERIN B. (2010). THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND
SELF-EFFICACY IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL CAREER
INTENTIONS. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2010(1), 1–5.
doi:10.5465/ambpp.2010.54500673
Mehtap, S., Pellegrini, M. M., Caputo, A., & Welsh, D. H. B. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of young women in the arab world. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(6), 880–902.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2017-0214
Mei, Hu; Zhan, Zehui; Fong, Patrick S. W.; Liang, Ting; Ma, Zicheng (2015). Planned behaviour of tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions in China. Applied Economics, (), 1–15. doi:10.1080/00036846.2015.1096006
Miranda, F. J., Chamorro-Mera, A., & Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention.
European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 113–122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.01.001
Mohd Noor, N. H. A. @, Wan Ahmad, W. I., Ismail, R., & Sa'at, N. H. (2020, March).
Factors Influencing Women’s Involvement in Entrepreneurship in Malaysia.
Journal of Business and Social Development. Retrieved March 30, 2022, from https://jbsd.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/53/2018/04/2Artikel-2- 8.1.pdf
Mohd, Norhatta; Maat, Siti Mistima; Mat, Salwah Che (2014). [ACM Press the 8th International Conference - Siem Reap, Cambodia (2014.01.09-2014.01.11)]
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication - ICUIMC '14 - Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among engineering technology students. 1–6.
doi:10.1145/2557977.2558013
43
Mukundan, Rajeev; Thomas, Sam (2016). Discriminating entrepreneurship intentions:
empirical study of young Indian IT professionals. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 20(3/4), 147–.
doi:10.1504/IJEIM.2016.077958
Musa, Z., & Mansori, S. (2017). Factors that can Influence Young Women's Intention to become Entrepreneur. BERJAYA Journal of Services & Management, 7, 3–20.
Nabi, G., & Liñán, F. (2013). Considering business start-up in recession time.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(6), 633–655.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2012-0107
Naktiyok, A., Nur Karabey, C., & Caglar Gulluce, A. (2009). Entrepreneurial self- efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: The Turkish case. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(4), 419–435.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0123-6
Ngoc Khuong, M., & Huu An, N. (2016). The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Vietnam National University— A Mediation Analysis of Perception toward Entrepreneurship. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2016.v4.375
Nguyen, C. (2021). A review of literature in entrepreneurial intention Research: Global perspectives and Vietnamese perspectives. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, XVII(1).
Ozaralli, Nurdan; Rivenburgh, Nancy K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the U.S.A. and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 3–. doi:10.1186/s40497-016-0047-x
Prasad, V. Kanti; Naidu, G. M.; Kinnera Murthy, B.; Winkel, Doan E.; Ehrhardt, Kyle (2013). Women entrepreneurs and business venture growth: an examination of the influence of human and social capital resources in an Indian context. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 26(4), 341–364.
doi:10.1080/08276331.2013.821758
Programme, I. A. P. (2008, October 21). Promoting women's entrepreneurship development and gender equality, phase III. Promoting Women's Entrepreneurship Development and Gender Equality, Phase III. Retrieved March 26, 2022, from https://www.ilo.org/asia/projects/WCMS_099683/lang--en/index.htm
Ratten, Vanessa; Miragaia, Dina (2019). Entrepreneurial passion amongst female athletes.
Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, (), 1–19.
doi:10.1080/08276331.2018.1551460
Rohit Trivedi, (2016),"Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 23 Iss 3 pp. –
Ruizalba Robledo, José Luis; Vallespín Arán, María; Martin Sanchez, Victor; Rodríguez Molina, Miguel Ángel (2015). The moderating role of gender on entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB perspective. Intangible Capital, 11(1), doi:10.3926/ic.557 S M Kabir, Ahasanul Haque, Abdullah Sarwar. Factors Affecting the Intention to Become
an Entrepreneur: A Study from Bangladeshi Business Graduates Perspective.
International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems, 2017, 1 (6), pp.10- 19. ffhal-01580857
Saeed, Saadat; Yousafzai, Shumaila Y.; Yani-De-Soriano, Mirella; Muffatto, Moreno (2014). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students' Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, (), n/a–
n/a. doi:10.1111/jsbm.12090
44
Santos, Francisco J.; Roomi, Muhammad Azam; Liñán, Francisco (2014). About Gender Differences and the Social Environment in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, (), n/a–n/a.
doi:10.1111/jsbm.12129
Sarkis, Joseph; Naser, Kamal; Rashid Mohammed, Wojoud; Nuseibeh, Rana (2009).
Factors that affect women entrepreneurs: evidence from an emerging economy.
International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 17(3), 225–247.
doi:10.1108/19348830910974932
Schlaegel, Christopher; Koenig, Michael (2014). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent:
A Meta-Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291–332. doi:10.1111/etap.12087
Singh Sandhu, Manjit; Fahmi Sidique, Shaufique; Riaz, Shoaib (2011). Entrepreneurship barriers and entrepreneurial inclination among Malaysian postgraduate students.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(4), 428–449.
doi:10.1108/13552551111139656
Soomro, R. B., Memeon, S. G., & Mirani, I. A. (2018). Assessing the Impact of Social and Demographic Factors on Female Entrepreneurial Intention in Pakistan: GEM Data Evidence, 16(1).
Stephanie. (2021, May 5). Factor analysis: Easy definition. Statistics How To. Retrieved March 25, 2022, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/factor-analysis/
T20, M40 and B40 income classifications in Malaysia. CompareHero. (2022, March 24).
Retrieved April 13, 2022, from https://www.comparehero.my/budgets- tax/articles/t20-m40-b40-malaysia
Trivedi, R. (2016). Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(3), 790–811. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2015- 0149
Uzzal Hossain, M., Al Asheq, A., & M. Arifuzzaman, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Bangladeshi students: Impact of individual and contextual factors.
Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 493–503.
https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.40
Xavier, Siri Roland; Ahmad, Syed Zamberi; Nor, Leilanie Mohd; Yusof, Mohar (2012). Women Entrepreneurs: Making A Change from Employment to Small and Medium Business Ownership. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4(), 321–
334. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00347-4
Yurtkoru, E. Serra; Kuşcu, Zeynep Kabadayı; Doğanay, Ahmet (2014). Exploring the Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention on Turkish University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150(), 841–850.
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.093
Zeb, N., Sajid, M. A., & Iqbal, Z. (2019). Impact of Individual Factors on Women Entrepreneurial Intentions: With Mediating Role of Innovation and Interactive Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 56(2). Retrieved from http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF- FILES/8_56_2_19.pdf.
Zollo, Lamberto; Laudano, Maria Carmen; Ciappei, Cristiano; Zampi, Vincenzo (2017).
Factors affecting universities’ ability to foster students’ entrepreneurial behaviour.
Journal of Management Development, 36(2), 268–285. doi:10.1108/JMD-06-2016- 0093
45
APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1: The SME’s Statistics Report of Malaysia in 2019
Figure 1.1 The SME’s Statistics Report of Malaysia in 2019
Source: SME Corporation Malaysia 2019
46 Appendix 2.2: Proposed/Conceptual Framework
Figure 2.2 Proposed/Conceptual Framework
Source: Developed from the Research Project
Women’s Entrepreneurial
Intention H1
H2
H3 H4
H5 Environmental
Influences Family Support
Women’s Self Independence Entrepreneurial
Self-efficacy Entrepreneurial
Attitude
47 Appendix 3.1: Responding Rate
Table 3.1 Responding Rate
Targeted Population
Questionnaires
Responding Rate (%) Distributed Received Invalid Valid
200 - 250 230 227 6 221 97.36%
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
48 Appendix 3.2: Origin of Construct Measurement
Table 3.2 Origin of Construct Measurement
Variables Sourced from
Family Support Adil & Chakranarayan, (2021); Agarwal et al., (2020); Mamun et al., (2017)
Environmental Influences Ngoc Khuong & Huu An, (2016); Miranda et al., (2017)
Women’s Self Independence Saeed et al., (2014); Amanamah et al., (2018) Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Shi et al., (2019)
Entrepreneurial Attitude Miranda et al., (2017); Trivedi, (2016) Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention Kabir et al., (2017)
Source: Developed from the Research Project
49 Appendix 4.0: Demographic Profile
Table 4.1 Demographic Profile (N = 227)
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Gender
Male 6 2.6 0 0
Female 221 97.4 97.4 97.4
Total 227 100.0 97.4
Age
Under 18 21 9.3 9.3 9.3
18 – 34 103 45.4 42.7 52
35 – 54 80 35.2 35.2 87.2
55 and over 23 10.1 10.1 97.3
Total 227 100.0 97.3
Marital Status
Single 101 44.5 41.9 41.9
Married 94 41.4 41.4 83.3
Divorced 24 10.6 10.6 93.9
Widow 8 3.5 3.5 97.4
Total 227 100.0 97.4
Employment Status
Student 45 19.8 18.1 18.1
Self-employed 45 19.8 19.8 37.9
Part-time employed 53 23.3 23.3 61.2
Full-time employed 65 28.6 27.8 89
Unemployed 19 8.4 8.4 97.4
Total 227 100.0 97.4
50 Monthly Household Income
Less than RM2500 29 12.8 10.6 10.6
RM2500 – RM4849 27 11.9 11.5 22.1
RM4850 – RM7099 41 18.1 18.1 40.2
RM7100 – RM10959 62 27.3 27.3 67.5
RM10960 – RM15039 35 15.4 15.4 82.9
RM15040 or more 33 14.5 14.5 97.4
Total 227 100.0 97.4
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
51 Appendix 4.1: Gender
Figure 4.1 Gender
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
52 Appendix 4.2: Age
Figure 4.2 Age
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
53 Appendix 4.3: Marital Status
Figure 4.3 Marital Status
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
54 Appendix 4.4: Employment Status
Figure 4.4 Employment Status
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
55 Appendix 4.5: Monthly Household Income
Figure 4.5 Monthly Household Income
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
12.80%
11.90%
18.10%
27.30%
15.40%
14.50%
Monthly Household Income
Less than RM2500 RM2500 - RM 4849 RM4850 - RM7099 RM7100 - RM10959 RM10960 - RM15039 RM15040 or more
56 Appendix 4.6: Summary of Reliability Test
Table 4.2 Summary of Reliability Test
Construct Cronbach’s Alpha N of Items
Family Support
.765 4
Environmental Influences
.874 6
Women’s Self Independence
.846 4
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy
.846 4
Entrepreneurial Attitude
.926 5
Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention
.921 6
Total Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.935 KMO = 0.920
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
57 Appendix 4.7: KMO and Barlett’s Test
Table 4.3: KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy .920
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 4077.451
df 406
Sig. .000
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
58
Appendix 4.8: Rotated Component Matrixa for Aggregate Respondents
Table 4.4 Rotated Component Matrixa for Aggregate Respondents Component
1 2 3 4 5
FS1 .702
FS2 .695
FS3 .754
FS4 .707
EI1 .786
EI2 .858
EI3 .798
EI4 .796
EI5 .531
EI6 .639
WS1 .774
WS2 .810
WS3 .665
WS4 .715
ES1 .718
ES2 .718
ES3 .664
ES4 .706
EA1 .565
EA2 .642
EA3 .620
EA4 .650
EA5 .743
DV1 .699
DV2 .831
DV3 .800
59
DV4 .807
DV5 .822
DV6 .821
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 7 iterations.
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
60 Appendix 4.9: Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Table 4.5 Pearson Correlation Coefficient
FS WS EI ES EA DV
FS 1
WS .518** 1
EI .297** .160** 1
ES .431** .372** .530** 1
EA .452** .618** .203** .515** 1
DV .297** .460** .304** .509** .724** 1
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
*FS = Family Support, WS = Women’s Self Independence, EI = Environmental Influences, ES = Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, EA = Entrepreneurial Attitude, DV = Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
61
Appendix 4.10: Model Summary of Aggregate Respondents
Table 4.6: Model Summary of Aggregate Respondents
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .753a .567 .557 .57824
a. Predictors: (Constant), Entrepreneurial Attitude, Environmental Influences, Family Support, Women’s Self Independence, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
62
Appendix 4.11: ANOVAa of Aggregate Respondents
Table 4.7: ANOVAa of Aggregate Respondents
Model Sum of
Squares df Mean
Square F Sig.
Regression 93.782 5 18.756 56.097 <.001b
Residual 71.553 214 .334
Total 165.335 219
a. Dependent Variable: Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention
b. Predictors: (Constant), Family Support, Environmental Influences, Women’s Self Independence, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, Entrepreneurial Attitude
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
63
Appendix 4.12: Coefficients of Aggregate Respondents
Table 4.8 Coefficients of Aggregate Respondents
Model
Standardized
Coefficients t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
Beta Tolerance VIF
(Constant) 1.540 .125
Family Support -.119 -2.130 .034* .649 1.541
Environmental Influences .124 2.305 .022* .701 1.427 Women’s Self Independence .047 .774 .440 .546 1.833 Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy .143 2.313 .022* .531 1.884 Entrepreneurial Attitude .650 10.369 <.001** .515 1.943
**. Significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
*. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) Source: Questionnaire’s Result
64 Appendix 5.1: Summary of Hypothesis Testing
Table 5.1: Summary of Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis P-Value Significance
H1: Family support has an impact on women’s
entrepreneurial intentions. 0.034* Accepted
H2: Environmental influences have a relationship with
women's entrepreneurial intentions. 0.022* Accepted
H3: There is a significant relationship between women’s self-independence and women’s entrepreneurial intentions.
0.440 Rejected
H4: Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can stimulate women’s
entrepreneurial intentions. 0.022* Accepted
H5: Entrepreneurial attitude will have a positive impact
on women’s entrepreneurial intentions. <.001** Accepted
Source: Questionnaire’s Result
65 Appendix 6.1 Survey Questionnaire
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73