Due to lack of time, a comprehensive research on the kinetics model of ISA reactor cannot be carried out. Thus, a complete research focusing on the kinetics modelling should be design with longer period of research and varies organic loading. This is to ensure a more accurate and comprehensive result is obtain.
Moreover, the reactor can be further improved with the addition of a clarifier. This is to prevent biomass washout from the aerobic zone. Due to the flow from bottom to top at the anoxic part, sometimes the bacteria been wash out together with the effluent thus compromising the result of the research.
In addition, the design of influent and internal recycle inlet to the bottom of the anoxic part can be further improve. A small tube covering large area of the anoxic zone may result in more complete mix in comparison to now which only one (Reactor B) or two (Reactor A) big inlet at the middle of the anoxic zone. This may provide more effective mixing in the zone.
This study has great benefit to society and the environment. The integrated sequential anoxic-aerobic (ISA) reactor may be an effective solution in integrating two treatment methods of different environments (aerobic and anoxic) into a single entity. From the overall result, this reactor proves to be efficient in removing organic matter and nutrients. However, since this study was carried out using low and medium strength of wastewater, further studies could be conducted using high strength of wastewater to determine whether it is achievable to produce an effluent within the D.O.E Malaysia Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009 discharge standards.
32
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36 APPENDIX
37
APPENDIX
Appendix A: Influent/Effluent Characteristics Appendix B: Analysis of Data
38 Appendix A: Influent/Effluent Characteristics
COD
NO DATE
Influent COD, mg/L
Effluent COD , mg/L (Reactor A)
Effluent COD , mg/L (Reactor B)
1 20-05-14 118 38 28
2 21-05-14 218 102 84
3 22-05-14 236 104 81
4 23-05-14 225 69 77
5 26-05-14 229 12 41
6 27-05-14 280 21 18
7 28-05-14 296 4 4
8 29-05-14 283 13 12
9 30-05-14 230 12 16
10 02-06-14 287 4 6
11 03-06-14 268 5 2
12 04-06-14 280 2 1
13 05-06-14 245 6 4
14 06-06-14 262 6 6
15 09-06-14 246 12 9
16 10-06-14 220 9 14
17 11-06-14 277 7 7
18 12-06-14 294 10 15
19 13-06-14 307 12 14
20 16-06-14 242 13 14
21 17-06-14 237 12 12
22 18-06-14 284 14 11
23 19-06-14 244 21 16
24 20-06-14 237 24 14
25 23-06-14 241 19 18
26 24-06-14 278 23 15
27 25-06-14 291 21 15
28 26-06-14 247 19 9
29 01-07-14 271 22 17
30 02-07-14 269 24 14
31 03-07-14 248 22 15
32 04-07-14 269 25 14
33 07-07-14 459 105 96
34 08-07-14 507 108 87
39
35 09-07-14 523 94 77
36 10-07-14 496 86 81
37 11-07-14 550 73 74
38 14-07-14 513 54 49
39 15-07-14 510 65 43
40 16-07-14 493 56 46
41 17-07-14 518 48 50
42 18-07-14 488 42 41
43 21-07-14 488 40 50
44 22-07-14 513 40 43
45 23-07-14 495 41 47
46 24-07-14 536 40 33
47 25-07-14 462 35 30
48 28-07-14 541 34 35
49 29-07-14 512 34 35
50 30-07-14 530 30 34
51 31-07-14 468 37 35
52 01-08-14 530 40 30
53 04-08-14 479 36 39
54 05-08-14 497 40 39
55 06-08-14 546 37 39
56 07-08-14 516 30 32
57 08-08-14 549 33 39.00
NH3-N
No Date
Influent NH3-N, mg/L
Effluent NH3-N, mg/L (Reactor A)
Effluent NH3- N, mg/L (Reactor B)
1 20-05-14 31.25 5.4 6.1
2 21-05-14 25.4 6.5 8
3 22-05-14 20 7 10
4 23-05-14 18 7 10.25
5 26-05-14 14.5 6.25 10.5
6 27-05-14 23.5 6 8.25
7 28-05-14 11.75 7 9.3
8 29-05-14 19.5 6.25 9.25
9 30-05-14 23 6.75 9.25
10 02-06-14 23.75 8.5 10
40
11 03-06-14 21.25 9 10.75
12 04-06-14 26.5 8 10.5
13 05-06-14 24 8.5 10.25
14 06-06-14 29.54 8.5 10
15 09-06-14 21.5 7.25 8
16 10-06-14 26 7.5 8.5
17 11-06-14 28.5 7.75 8.5
18 12-06-14 25.25 7.25 8.5
19 13-06-14 26 7.75 7.25
20 16-06-14 12.25 6.75 7.25
21 17-06-14 15.5 7 7.75
22 18-06-14 10.75 6.5 7.5
23 19-06-14 8.25 6.5 7.75
24 20-06-14 7.25 6.5 7.25
25 23-06-14 9 6.75 6.75
26 24-06-14 8.5 5.5 5.5
27 25-06-14 9.25 6.5 6.5
28 26-06-14 7.75 6 6
29 01-07-14 9 8.5 7.75
30 02-07-14 8.25 7.5 7
31 03-07-14 9 6 6
32 04-07-14 8.25 6.25 6.25
33 07-07-14 22.5 9.5 9.50
34 08-07-14 25.25 8.25 8.25
35 09-07-14 22.75 8.75 8.75
36 10-07-14 21.75 9.75 8.75
37 11-07-14 21 8 8.5
38 14-07-14 27.5 8.25 7.5
39 15-07-14 23.5 8.25 8
40 16-07-14 25.25 7.75 8
41 17-07-14 24 8 8.75
42 18-07-14 25 9 7.25
43 21-07-14 22.75 8.5 7.5
44 22-07-14 24 8.25 9
45 23-07-14 24.5 9.25 8
46 24-07-14 26.75 8.5 8.25
47 25-07-14 23.25 7.75 9
48 28-07-14 24 8 7
49 29-07-14 26.25 7.75 8
50 30-07-14 25 9 8.25
51 31-07-14 23 9 9
41
52 01-08-14 22.5 9 8
53 04-08-14 25 9.75 9.5
54 05-08-14 24 7.25 8.25
55 06-08-14 27 7.5 9
56 07-08-14 25.75 9.5 8
57 08-08-14 25.25 9.25 9
NO3-N
No Date
Influent Nitrate, mg/L
Effluent Nitrate, mg/L (Reactor A)
Effluent Nitrate, mg/L (Reactor B)
1 20-05-14 0.4 12.6 9.6
2 21-05-14 0.2 12.8 9.7
3 22-05-14 0.5 10.3 5.8
4 23-05-14 0.1 11.3 6.2
5 26-05-14 1.8 6.6 6
6 27-05-14 0.6 5.3 7.2
7 28-05-14 0.2 6.8 5
8 29-05-14 0.4 5.7 4.2
9 30-05-14 0.2 6.3 4.1
10 02-06-14 0.1 5.4 5
11 03-06-14 0.39 4.6 4.4
12 04-06-14 0.89 4.7 4.5
13 05-06-14 0.2 4.4 4.2
14 06-06-14 0.4 3.9 3.8
15 09-06-14 0.64 3.1 2.4
16 10-06-14 0.4 3.3 2.2
17 11-06-14 0.5 3.1 2.7
18 12-06-14 0.3 1.2 2.4
19 13-06-14 0.6 1 2.6
20 16-06-14 1.2 1 2.8
21 17-06-14 0.2 1.3 2.4
22 18-06-14 0.1 1.3 2
23 19-06-14 0.7 1.1 2.4
24 20-06-14 0.7 1.2 2.9
25 23-06-14 0.4 1.4 2.7
26 24-06-14 0.7 1.1 2.7
27 25-06-14 0.6 1.3 2.3
28 26-06-14 0.9 1 2.8
42
29 01-07-14 0.6 2.5 2.4
30 02-07-14 0.2 2.9 2.3
31 03-07-14 0.01 1.2 2.2
32 04-07-14 0.6 1.1 2.8
33 07-07-14 0.0 8.9 8.5
34 08-07-14 0.76 9.0 8.7
35 09-07-14 0.46 8.2 8.2
36 10-07-14 0.4 7.7 8.1
37 11-07-14 0.15 8.0 7.3
38 14-07-14 0.97 8.0 7.4
39 15-07-14 0.4 8.7 7.6
40 16-07-14 0.1 7.4 7.3
41 17-07-14 0.50 6.1 6.4
42 18-07-14 0.57 4.5 6.6
43 21-07-14 0.3 5.6 4.7
44 22-07-14 0.92 4.4 5.5
45 23-07-14 0.8 5.5 5.0
46 24-07-14 0.57 4.4 3.7
47 25-07-14 0.72 4.0 3.4
48 28-07-14 0.86 2.4 3.9
49 29-07-14 0.96 3.0 3.1
50 30-07-14 0.8 3.1 3.6
51 31-07-14 0.42 2.4 3.7
52 01-08-14 0.7 2.3 3.9
53 04-08-14 0.17 3.8 2.8
54 05-08-14 0.4 3.0 3.6
55 06-08-14 0.10 3.6 2.7
56 07-08-14 0.75 3.8 3.1
57 08-08-14 0.8 3.7 2.8
PHOSPHORUS
No Date
Influent Phosphorus,
mg/L
Effluent Phosphorus , mg/L (Reactor A)
Effluent Phosphorus , mg/L (Reactor B)
1 20-05-14
2 21-05-14
3 22-05-14 36 25.25 30.25
4 23-05-14
5 26-05-14
43
6 27-05-14
7 28-05-14
8 29-05-14 28 16 21
9 30-05-14
10 02-06-14
11 03-06-14
12 04-06-14
13 05-06-14 24 17 17
14 06-06-14
15 09-06-14
16 10-06-14
17 11-06-14
18 12-06-14 29.84 19.64 21
19 13-06-14
20 16-06-14
21 17-06-14
22 18-06-14
23 19-06-14 26.5 17 19
24 20-06-14
25 23-06-14
26 24-06-14
27 25-06-14
28 26-06-14 32 23 24
29 01-07-14
30 02-07-14
31 03-07-14
32 04-07-14 27.5 18.25 20.25
33 07-07-14
34 08-07-14
35 09-07-14
36 10-07-14
37 11-07-14 39 30.25 32
38 14-07-14
39 15-07-14
40 16-07-14
41 17-07-14
42 18-07-14 34.5 28.5 30
43 21-07-14
44 22-07-14
45 23-07-14
46 24-07-14
44
47 25-07-14 38 26.5 26
48 28-07-14
49 29-07-14
50 30-07-14
51 31-07-14
52 01-08-14 37 22 25.5
53 04-08-14
54 05-08-14
55 06-08-14
56 07-08-14
57 08-08-14 39 25.25 27
45 Appendix B: Analysis of Data
COD Removal Efficiency
No Date
Reactor A Removal Efficiency
Reactor B Removal Efficiency 1 20-05-14 67.79661 76.27119 2 21-05-14 53.21101 61.46789 3 22-05-14 55.9322 65.67797 4 23-05-14 69.33333 65.77778 5 26-05-14 94.75983 82.09607
6 27-05-14 92.5 93.57143
7 28-05-14 98.64865 98.64865 8 29-05-14 95.40636 95.75972 9 30-05-14 94.78261 93.04348 10 02-06-14 98.60627 97.90941 11 03-06-14 98.13433 99.25373 12 04-06-14 99.28571 99.64286 13 05-06-14 97.55102 98.36735 14 06-06-14 97.70992 97.70992 15 09-06-14 95.12195 96.34146 16 10-06-14 95.90909 93.63636 17 11-06-14 97.47292 97.47292 18 12-06-14 96.59864 94.89796 19 13-06-14 96.09121 95.43974 20 16-06-14 94.6281 94.21488 21 17-06-14 94.93671 94.93671 22 18-06-14 95.07042 96.12676 23 19-06-14 91.39344 93.44262 24 20-06-14 89.87342 94.09283 25 23-06-14 92.11618 92.53112 26 24-06-14 91.72662 94.60432 27 25-06-14 92.78351 94.84536 28 26-06-14 92.30769 96.35628 29 01-07-14 91.88192 93.72694 30 02-07-14 91.07807 94.79554 31 03-07-14 91.12903 93.95161 32 04-07-14 90.70632 94.79554 33 07-07-14 77.12418 79.08497 34 08-07-14 78.69822 82.84024
46
35 09-07-14 82.02677 85.27725 36 10-07-14 82.66129 83.66935 37 11-07-14 86.72727 86.54545 38 14-07-14 89.47368 90.44834 39 15-07-14 87.2549 91.56863 40 16-07-14 88.64097 90.66937 41 17-07-14 90.73359 90.34749 42 18-07-14 91.39344 91.59836 43 21-07-14 91.80328 89.7541 44 22-07-14 92.20273 91.61793 45 23-07-14 91.71717 90.50505 46 24-07-14 92.53731 93.84328 47 25-07-14 92.42424 93.50649 48 28-07-14 93.71534 93.5305 49 29-07-14 93.35938 93.16406 50 30-07-14 94.33962 93.58491 51 31-07-14 92.09402 92.52137 52 01-08-14 92.45283 94.33962 53 04-08-14 92.48434 91.85804 54 05-08-14 91.95171 92.15292 55 06-08-14 93.22344 92.85714 56 07-08-14 94.18605 93.79845 57 08-08-14 93.98907 92.89617
17 COD REMOVAL KINETICS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Reactor No
Influent Average Concentration COD,
So (mg/L)
Effluent Average Concentration COD, Se
(mg/L)
MLVSS, Xv,a
(mg/L) Qo (L/h)
Residence time, hrt
(h)
So - Se
(mg/L)
Xv,a hrt (mgh/L)
(So - Se)/ Xv,a hrt
(h-1)
F/M= So
/ Xv,a hrt (mg COD/mg
MLVSS day)
A 1 508.76 36.47 1122.54 5 1 472.29 1122.54 0.420733 10.87733
2 262.28 14.28 742.857 5 1 248 742.857 0.333846 8.473663
B 1 508.76 36.43 1206.57 5 1 472.33 1206.57 0.391465 10.11979
2 262.28 11.6 703.24 5 1 250.68 703.24 0.356464 8.951027
A 1 508.76 36.47 2842.246 5 1 472.29 2842.246 0.166168 4.295983
2 262.28 14.28 2449.625 5 1 248 2449.625 0.10124 2.569667
B 1 508.76 36.43 2134.85 5 1 472.33 2134.85 0.221247 5.719484
2 262.28 11.6 1873.85 5 1 250.68 1873.85 0.133778 3.359244
(So - Se)/ Xv,a hrt (h-1) Se
Aerobic Reactor A 0.420733 36.47
0.333846 14.28
Reactor B (Aerobic) 0.391465 36.43
0.356464 11.6
Anoxic Reactor A 0.166168 36.47
0.10124 14.28
Reactor B (Anoxic) 0.221247 36.43
0.133778 11.6
NITRIFICATION KINETICS NH3-N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Reactor No
Influent Average Concentration
NH3-N, So
(mg/L)
Effluent Average Concentration
COD, Se
(mg/L)
MLVSS, Xv,a
(mg/L) Qo (L/h)
Residence time, hrt
(h)
So - Se
(mg/L)
Xv,a hrt (mgh/L)
(So - Se)/
Xv,a hrt (h-1)
F/M= So
/ Xv,a hrt (mg NH3- N /mg MLVSS day)
A 1 24.775 8.6 1122.54 5 1 16.175 1122.54 0.014409 0.529692
2 8.45 6.6 742.857 5 1 1.85 742.857 0.00249 0.273
B 1 24.775 8.6 1206.57 5 1 16.175 1206.57 0.013406 0.492802
2 8.45 6.675 703.24 5 1 1.775 703.24 0.002524 0.28838