Potential Use of Open Source (Google Earth) Geospatial Data for Accurate Mapping - UTP Campus Case Study. Case Study of UTP Campus' is basically a research on fixing the coordinate of UTP campus by taking references at selected control points. Open source defined as Google Earth software and geospatial data defined as coordinate data.
The research is based on the online mapping of the UTP campus map from Google Earth. The selected control points must be the same control point on the Google Earth map and on the field area. This instrument is at the same checkpoints and the data reading process is complete.
A statistical search will be made between the survey coordinates with the Google Earth coordinates if there are differences in the coordinate comparison. The data collection of this study was collected on the UTP campus at randomly distributed checkpoint locations.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
In Google Earth, all maps, including the UTP map, are available on the Google Earth Search tab. To correct and improve Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) campus map coordinates from Google Earth using GPS data. To quantify differences between Google Earth coordinates and coordinates obtained in the field using GPS.
Geospatial data is the coordinate elements of the UTP map that are obtained from Google Earth, while open source is the Google Earth software. The scope of this project is to fix and improve the coordinate of UTP at the selected control point based on online mapping of UTP campus from Google Earth. The project must compare the data coordinates collected from GPS instruments with the coordinate indicated in Google Earth at the same control point.
The study will be able to distinguish the incorrect coordinates set by Google Earth with the actual coordinates. At the end of the project, the current coordinates and coordinates from Google Earth will be presented as comparison data.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3
Info search and review on GI'S technology and online maps (Google Earth) .. I: )ata collection based on checkpoint. The project begins by searching for and reviewing information about GPS technology and online maps from Google Earth. The next stage is divided into two, which is the study of the captured UTP campus map and the setting of checkpoints on the captured map.
For the study of the captured campus map of UTP, the purpose is to provide a clear picture, understanding and information about the purpose of the study. The next stage is the data collection process which can be divided into two parts which are; collecting coordinates of selected control points through Google Earth coordinates and collecting coordinates on the same selected control points through fieldwork studies. Extracting features that are coordinates from Google Earth of the same control point follows the phase after the map study.
This stage is done simultaneously with the stage of data collection at the field area based on the selected control points determined. The data collection process at field area consists of using the GPS instruments and tools to collect the data. Once the data collection process is done for both classifications, the next step is to compare the data.
For the fieldwork data, the acquired data will be transferred from the receiver to the computer. The computer will come up with a set of coordinates captured based on the established control points. If there are differences between the two class coordinates, a statistical study will be conducted in the completion of the analysis data process.
When there are no discrepancies with the data obtained from the field, the final product is reached. As a conclusion, this study will come out with the exact coordinate of UTP campus map level by taking comparison between the selected control points with the coordinates of Google Earth for the same control points. The map of the UTP campus obtained from the Google Earth with A to J on X-axis and 1-7 on Y-axis.
AIROMMEMPH
- Control Points
- Data Collection
Checkpoints, also referred to as reference points, act as fixed points for data to be obtained from time to time. 34; The location of checkpoints should be evenly distributed across the UTP campus area with researcher access. 34; The location of control points should be easy to recognize from the Google Earth software image for data purposes.
Once the control points or reference points are selected and determined (for this research study - 20 control points are selected), the following processes it to collect the data which is the coordinates of the determined control point. Data collection at the field area is based on the readings of the GPS instruments at the selected control points. One control point is chosen as the base control point and as a reference for the remaining control points.
As mentioned before, for each control point a nail is used as a representative of the control points. The balance of GPS receivers are set up at different checkpoints and will be moved out to other checkpoints with a time interval of 15 minutes for each of the checkpoints. These steps are repeated until the receiver collects data for all the determined control points.
The latitude and longitude of the reading is taken from the software when the cursor points to the selected control points. The Google Earth software will give the reading in the north and fixed reading in the lower left corner of the layout. This step is repeated for all the checkpoints, provided the cursor is placed exactly at the exact location of the checkpoints.
GCP editing is where the user enters the coordinates of the control points in the wizard. The software will come up with coordinate X and Y on the screen for each of the ground control points. A statistical study of the data will be performed to discuss several attributes between the actual coordinate obtained and the coordinate from Google Earth.
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sample Study
The Study
The purpose of the survey is to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates for each selected control point. As shown, there are 20 checkpoints, with checkpoint #1 being the base checkpoint. At the same point, the coordinates at the same checkpoints are taken from the Google Earth software for comparison and rectification purposes.
There are differences between the coordinates of the exact location obtained through field work and the coordinates of the same point published by Google Earth. The yellow dot is where the base GPS (check point 1) is located in the field area, when the actual coordinates obtained by GPS instruments are at the check point. The RMS is developed by the software from the easting and northing coordinates entered with cell X and cell Y, which is the control point coordinate in the software.
It is noted that there is shrinkage on the left side, top left and bottom left of the map (Figure 4.3). This correction (shrinkage) is done by the ER Mapper Software based on the developed RMS. For all 20 control points as shown in the table above, there are slight differences between the geospatial data that are the coordinates obtained from the field work and the coordinates from Google Earth.
In the result, it is found that before the correction the image is stretched to the east, since most of the control points have deviations to the east. From Table 4.6 and Figure 4.5, this determines that control point 9 contains the largest offset among other control points, which is 12.57 m, while control point 12 contains the smallest offset, which is 0.77 m. The RMS of each control point developed from the software, the average, minimum and maximum RMS are listed below.
From Table 4.7 and Figure 4.6 it defines that Control Point 6 contains the maximum RMS among other control points which is 0.74 in while Control Point 9 contains the minimum RMS which is 0.25 in. From the Figure 4.7, Checkpoint no 9 shows the highest deviations and values of deviation which is 12.57 meters from its actual point, followed by Checkpoint no 13 which is 11.11 meters and Checkpoint no 14 which is 10.82 metres. When user pins the cursor on the control point in the Google Earth map, it has the possibility that it is not accurate at the point of the control point.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
34; More control points will be placed randomly distributed as more control points will produce higher accuracy results. 34; The cursor fixation point in Google Earth software and ER Mapper software is done several times and the reading is averaged to prevent and reduce parallax error. 34; For all control points, ensure that the instruments placed are level and exactly at the point selected.
Jayanta Kumar Ghosh, et al. Establishment of Local Control Points for Mapping Using GPS", India. 16] Sullivan and Brown High Accuracy Autonomous Image Georeferencing Using GPS/Inertially Assisted Digital Imaging System", California. 17] Zandbergen Positional Accuracy of Spatial Data: Non-Normal Distributions and a Critique of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy", New Mexico.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE TEST STUDY
APPENDIX D
TUDY MAP OF UTP CAMPUS WITH LOCATIONS OF ALL CONTROL
POINTS
STUDY MAP OF UTP CAMPUS WITH LOCATIONS OF ALL CONTROL
APPENDIX E
SATELLITE NETWORK LAYOUT OF CONTROL POINTS
APPENDIX F
RECTIFIED MAP
