palm oil pressing Aisar Amiree Bin Abdul Aziz 22

Palm oil mill system is one of the essential production processes for producing crude palm oil. Therefore, this research aims to develop, test and verify the relationship between the electricity consumption of the palm oil screw press machine and its maintainability as well as the environmental impact due to the condition of the machine. In terms of maintenance, the reliability of the palm oil screw press machine is calculated by using Weibull distribution and maximum likelihood estimation method.

Analysis of the model will provide evidence that as the reliability of the palm oil screw press machine decreases, its energy consumption increases. Moreover, the energy consumption is then directly proportional to the CO2 emission, it will also be concluded that the CO2 emission by the palm oil screw press machine will decrease as the energy consumption decreases. The result indicated that the energy consumption of the palm oil press machine dominates the machine's effectiveness and CO2 emissions to the environment.

Further research is required to identify other factors that can strengthen the energy consumption estimation method of the oil palm screw press. The role of the palm oil industry is extremely important for the economic growth of countries. One of the most energy intensive subsystems found in the palm oil mill is the screw press.

Therefore, this research aims to create a palm oil screw press machine framework to evaluate energy consumption and its relationship with machine maintenance, as well as the impact of energy use on the environment.

Figure 1.1 : Current usage of palm oil waste [3]

OBJECTIVE

SCOPE OF STUDY

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW
PALM OIL – MILL
PALM OIL SCREW PRESS
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
MAINTAINABILITY
OUTCOME OF LITERATURE REVIEW
SUMMARY

The processing of palm oil begins with the sterilization of the fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The digester is usually mounted on top of the press so that the digested fruit can be fed directly to the press. The overall process of the palm oil mill can be mapped based on Figure 2.1.

There are a number of different propeller configurations in terms of its pitch, position and the direction of the aircraft's rotation. This entire configuration of the screw press varies depending on the application and production capacity. The typical material used to manufacture the screw shaft of the palm oil press machine is cast carbon steel and mild steel [9,10].

The barrel of the screw press is perforated and is commonly called the press cage. A research on energy use in the machine manufacturing industry shows that the machine itself provided a large part of the energy consumed [12]. Theoretically, as the propeller shaft speed increases in order to increase the throughput, the power consumption of the motor must also increase to accommodate this demand.

However, in a study conducted [16], the result shows that the speed of the screw shaft is inversely proportional to the specific energy consumption of the motor. However, in another study [17,18], the obtained result contradicts the result of the previously mentioned experiment [16], where it shows an opposite trend of the specific energy consumption of the motor being lower with increasing speed of the screw. When the throttle size is reduced, the amount of pressure in the compression chamber increases to overcome the restriction.

To measure the impact of machine tools on the environment, the Climate Registry has introduced a standard. In any case, incorporating maintenance functions into the design leads to a reduction in total life cycle costs. However, as the life cycle of the machine continues, the machine has started to deteriorate and its reliability will decrease.

From the literature review study, the parameter obtained to change the energy consumption of the palm oil screw press machine is the screw speed, the amount of throughput, the choke area of the screw press and also the screw geometry. Next, to relate the energy consumption to the maintenance part, machine vibration, life cycle and reliability will be observed to obtain the energy consumption pattern of the screw press machine.

Figure 2.1: Overall palm oil processing flow [3]

METHODOLOGY

RELIABILITY MODELLING
MOTOR ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION MODELLING
CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENT
EMISSION FACTOR ASSESSMENT
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION ASSESSMENT
CARBON EMISSION ASSESSMENT

Considering the time as the lifetime of the machine or component, the general formula that uses Weibull distribution to estimate the reliability is given by. For the assessment of the electrical consumption of the screw press machine, the energy consumption generally increases as the machine condition worsens, which directly shows that the reliability of the machine decreases. Considering the complexity, in this research, without the help of any sensors to monitor the energy consumption of the pressing process, a general formula for power requirement to drive the screw press is adapted to simulate the electricity consumption of machine and the power required is converted into electrical energy consumption with respect to time (3).

In this research, for the purpose of simplicity, when the power consumption of the electric motor has reached its maximum value, the reliability of the screw press machine is set to be zero, and when it is at the lowest value, the reliability is 100 percent in performance. . After calculating the power consumption of the motor to drive the screw press over time, an evaluation was made on the effect of the screw press speed on the theoretical capacity of the screw press machine as in equation (4). Where 𝐸𝐶𝑂2 are the emission of 𝐶𝑂2, 𝐹𝐶𝑂2 are emission factors of 𝐶𝑂2 and 𝐸𝐶 is the power use of the machine tool.

Therefore, once the failure time data of the screw press machine is obtained, it can be used to evaluate the reliability of the machine by using the Weibull distribution and the maximum likelihood estimation method. Finally, the environmental impact of the car was evaluated as a function of the engine's energy consumption. Furthermore, since the car's electrical energy data is only estimated through the formula, there is only one set of data to illustrate the use of the model and verify whether the actual simulation approach is feasible.

By fitting the machine tool error data to the Weibull distribution, the reliability of the machine tool is calculated. By applying 2 parameter Weibull distribution method with estimation of the parameter using Maximum Likelihood Estimation, the reliability of the press machine can be monitored as shown in Figure 4.3 using Reliasoft Weibull++ software. With the plotting of the system reliability using the Weibull distribution method, the probability of failure for the equipment to fail the graph can be plotted as in Figure 4.4.

Since the graph in figure 4.5 does not actually reflect the actual energy consumption pattern of the screw press machine, but theoretically it is able to show that as previously assumed, since the energy consumption is at its maximum value at the maximum observation time of 1000 hours, the reliability of the machine is considered to be zero. This is because the reliability of the car is low and it will continue to degrade over time. In addition, to make better use of the screw press speed to obtain optimal energy utilization and further justify the relationship between energy consumption and machine maintenance, the model throughput is changed as shown in Figure 4.6; to identify which point is suitable for optimal energy consumption according to screw press speed.

As it is proportional to the electricity consumption, the motor energy consumption is factored by the carbon emission for Malaysia and the result is shown in Figure 4.9 and Figure 4.10. In addition, the power consumption of the machine tool increases, as shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.5, and the reliability of the machine tool decreases compared to the other way around.

CONCLUSION

Available: https://www.ijser.org/paper/Development-of-a-Screw-Press-for-Palm-Oil-Extraction.html. Coates, “The effect of materials, process settings and screw geometry on energy consumption and melt temperature in single-screw extrusion,” Applied Energy, vol.