Radio Production 1 Radio: History &
Characteristics
Dr Intan Soliha Ibrahim Ms. Salmie Jemon
Faculty of Social Science &
Humanities
Table of Conten
t
• Topic Learning Outcome
• Introduction: Ice- Breaking
• Definition of Radio
• History of Radio
• Radio in Malaysia
• Roles & Functions
• The Characteristics of Radio
• Types of Radio
• Summary
• Class Activity
• Reflections
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to;
• Explain the development of radio
• Explain the role & function of radio
• Differentiate types of radio
• Differentiate analogue, digital and online radio
INTRODUCTION: ICE BREAKING
You can find ice-breaking activity by clicking Mentimeter at
https://www.menti.com/gtscq7g776
DEFINITION OF RADIO
WHAT IS RADIO?
DEFINITION OF RADIO
• Radio is a blind medium but one which can stimulate the imagination so that as soon as the voice comes out from the loudspeaker, the listener attempts to visualise what he or she heard. (McLeish, 2005)
• Radio as a second medium. (Tacchi, 2000)
• Radio is a fairy-tale story like a Cinderella. (Starkey, 2008)
• Radio is dying. (Anderson, 2012)
• Radio is a versatile medium. (Ibrahim, 2020)
CONT …DEFINITION OF RADIO
HISTORY OF RADIO
1 8 6 4
James Clerk
Maxwell - Electroma
gnetic Theory
1 8 7 9
Heinrich Hertz proved
the
existence of
Electroma gnetic Theory
1 9 0 1
Guglielm o Marconi
- worked on radio
signal - Signal Hill Newfound
land
1 9 0 6
Reginald Fessende
n-
weather report
thru morse
code
HISTORY OF RADIO
• You can find more information about radio history at Golden Age of Radio in the US by Brady (2014)
• You can find more information about radio at Hart.
• You can find more information about radio in Malaysia at Ibrahim & A. Wahab (2021)
RADIO IN MALAYSIA
1
3
4
6
1 9 6 3
Post-Formation of Malaysia Era
To Inform To Educate To Propagate
To Entertain AM/SW
1 9 2 0
Early Era
Interest &
storytelling amatuer radio
AM/SW
1 9 4 2
War Era
To propagate To educate
To inform
The importance of radio
AM/SW
1 9 5 7
Independent Era
To Inform To Educate To Propagate
AM/SW
1 9 9 6
Early Digital Era
Globalisation Convergence Digitalisation
FM/Online/Satellit e
2 0 2 2
Radio survive until today?
2
5
RADIO IN MALAYSIA
RADIO IN MALAYSIA:
FACTORS
01
Politic
02 Social
Economy 03
04 Technologies
05
Lifestyles
Factors • You can find more
information about radio in the digital age at
SEARCH Journal (Malaysia)
RADIO TECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA
TECHNOLOGY
ANALOG
Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation
DIGITAL
Terrestrial Satellite
ONLINE
Internet Radio
RADIO: ROLES &
FUNCTIONS
To
inform To
educate To
propagate To
entertain
Find more information at;
• Article 1 (In Malay Language)
• Article 2 (In English)
• Article 3 (In Malay Language)
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO
• Radio makes pictures: voice carries emotional content. Find text about Orson Welles at Article in Malay or Audio in English
• Radio speaks to million: Radio penetrations - Term Broad & Cast.
Find more information at SEARCH
• Radio is mobiles
• Radio is cheap/ low cost
• Radio teaches
• Radio has music
• Radio for the disadvantaged
(McLeish, 2005; Ibrahim 2020)
TYPES OF RADIO
GOVERNMENT-
OWNED STATION Funded largely by commercial
advertising,operating
under a government- appointed board
RTM
PUBLIC
SERVICE Funded by a licence fee
& run by a national
corporation. SALAM FM
PUBLIC
SERVICE Funded by government funds or grant-in-aid, run by a publicly accountable board, independent of government
iM4U
(Ibrahim, 2020)
CONT…TYPES OF RADIO
(Ibrahim, 2020)
Run and paid for by the organization for the benefit of its students,employees, etc
UMS FM, PUTRA FM, U FM
INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP
On low power and have a limited life
span to meet a particular need one-month licence
RESTRICTED SERVICE
LICENCE
a radio communications service (covering both terrestrial land satellite)in which a station is used for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by authorized persons who are interested in radio techniques solely with a personal aim and without any pecuniary interest
AMATEUR/
HAMS
CONT …TYPES OF RADIO
(Ibrahim, 2020)
BFM; BEST 014
COMMERCIAL
STATION Financed by national and local spot advertising
or sponsorship and run as a public company with
shareholders.
ASTRO, MEDIA PRIMA, THE STAR
PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP Funded by the personal income of all kinds, e.g commercial advertising,subscriptions,
donations
IKIM FM Run for specific religious or
charitable purposes
RADIO ORGANIZATION
SUMMA RY
• Changing from analogue to digital signals will mean better pictures and sound.
• DBS systems started slowly but have become more widespread in the last two or three years.
• Radio is moving slowly into the digital age in Malaysia.
• Satellite radio and internet radio are two digital services that will compete with traditional radio.
SUMMARY: THE ONTOLOGY OF OLD AND NEW RADIO
THE ONTOLOGY OF OLD AND NEW RADIO (Ibrahim, 2018)
