Report submitted in fulfillment of the Course - EPrints USM

(1)

A

THE ALLOCATION OF LOW-COS 2 HOUSING UNITS AND THE CHANGES ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE

OF THE RESIDENTS

Report submitted in fulfillment of the Course

A

Academic Exercise HGX

U12:

Lim Chye Gaix Student.:

Poh Kwee

Ad

visors: Mr.Tan

Dr.wong

Poh

Kam School of

Humanities

Universiti

Sains Malaysia

(2)

CONTENTS Ads trak A.

Abstract Preface

Acknowledgement List of Tables List at

Figures List

of Maps

1 2

1. 1.2

Housing

Situation in Penang 9

1.2:

11

Background

of Study

16

1.4:

and Significance

of Study 19

1.5: Purpose

Objectives of

Study 21

1.6:

Choice of Study

Area 22

1.7:

Limitations and Scope of

Study

23 1.8:

Research

Methodology

25 1. 9:

1.9.5:

1.9.1:

1.9.2:

25

26 30

31

37

1.3:

Review of Related Literature

and Case

Studies

Overview

of the

Method Delineation

of Study Area

1.9.3:

Design of Questionnaire 1.9.4: Sampling

_

Data Analysis

1 1.1.1: Government Schemes and

National

Policies

_

5

: The Concept

of Low

Cost

Housing 8 Chapter 1.0: Introduction

1.1: Housing

Situation in

Malaysia ---

(3)

1

PART ONE

Background to Study Area 4 ? Chapter 2.0:

Location and Topography 3 2. 1:

Development of Bayan Baru at 2. 2:

Evaluation of Main Findings 43 Chapter 3.0:

3. 1:

48

3.2: 50

6 3 4.0: Characteristics of Survey Households

Cha pter

4.1: Demographic Characteristics r 3

4.2: Origins and Migrations 6 7

Occupational and Income Structure 70 4. 3:

Housing and Standards of Living 4. 4:

7'4 4.4.2:

4.4.3:

v

Total Household Income

Age _

Ethnic Status Marital Status

Home Ownership ____________

Migrant Status

Last Place of Residence

6 3 64

70 7 3

76 7 9 S3 5 5 57 5«

59

4. 2. 1 : 4. 2. 2:

3.2.1:

3.2.2:

3.2.3:

3.2.4:

3. 2.5:

6. 7

f. b

Set-up and Aims of the Penang Development Corporation’s Housing Scheme

Conditions for the Allocation of the

: PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAYAN BAKU

4.4.1: Home Ownership

Possession of Household Durables _____

Educational Status 4.1.1: Ethnicity by zones 4.1.2: Religious Affiliations

Low Cost Housing units

4.3.1: Nature and Place of Occupation 4.3.2: Income Structure

(4)

Analysis on the Residents Viewpoint 8 1 Chapter 5.0:

Socio-economic Characteristics « 1 5. 1:

Satisfaction with Living Conditions 1C0 5. 2:

5.2.1:

10 b 5. 3:

109

114 Economic Activity Pattern 116

5.4: Impact on

5.4.1: Occupation 1 16

5.4.2:

food, shopping

127 v

5. 2. 3:

5.2.4:

5.2.5:

5. 2.6:

Satisfaction with the environmental disposition

Home Ownership

Total Household Income Household Expenditure Occupational Status Household Possessions

a) b)

1 C 9 1 1 1 112

8 4.

8t 8 9 9 5

190 1Cu

1()U

105 10 5

116 1 20

122 5.1.1:

5.1.2:

5.1.3:

5.1.4:

5. 1.5:

5.3. 1:

5. 3.2:

5. 3. 3:

5. 3. 4:

Cleanliness of the neighbourhood Garbage disposal/collection

Public security of the area Accessibility and availability of transport network

Activities associated with marketing,

and health

Distance to work place Time of travel

c) Mode of travel

PART TWO : IMPACT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE RESIDENTS

Index Number: A General Indication of Satisfaction with Dwelling Items

5.2.2: Physical Size Size of Bedrooms Number of Rooms Ventilation

Adequacy of Electrical

outlets __

(5)

1 2.7 Availability and Accessibility

a)

Prices 12?

b)

130 Impact on social activity pattern

5.5:

5.5.1 : 5.5.2:

a) 1 3 2

b) c)

1 ?b Chapter 6.0:

Question of Home Ownership 1 3C 6. 1:

1 uc

Location of Bayan Baru 6. 2:

14 1 6.3: Transportation

6.4: Consumption Activities 1-2

Recommendations 145 6.5:

127 123 1 2 3 1 29

147 143 - marketing

- shopping - health - food

Leisure pattern and recreational activities Social Interaction

1 45 146 1 u 6 147 1 ?P 13^

1 4 3 14 3 1 4 4 144

6.5.1:

6. 5.2:

a) Market ing b) Shopping

v

Summary of Findings, Identification of Problems and Recommendations

Home-ownership

Location of Bayan Baru 6.5.3: Transportation

6.5.4: Consumption Activities Neighbourly interaction in Bayan Baru ___________________

Neighbourly interaction by ethnicity

Interaction with friends and relatives outside Bayan Baru

6.4.1: Marketing 6.4.2: Shopping 6.4.3: Health Care 6.4.4: Recreation

(6)

6.6:

Conclusions

150

15 2 Further

Research

___

6.7:

Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C

Bibliography

f

v

1U9 c)

Health

Care 1u9

d) Recreation

(7)

Tables:

;..lGt or

1 on

Ta b le

Total Family Income Table 2

Age of Sara pie Population Table 3 :

Marital Status of Sample Population Table U

Tenurial Status of Sample Population Table 5 :

Ethnicity of Sample Population t t

Table 6 : Table 7 :

< r t7 Migrant Status of Sample Population

Table 8

7 1 Status of Occupied Persons

Occu pat ion a1 Table 9

Household Income by Zones Table 10:

II o m e - ow n e r s h i p 7 5 T a b le 1 1 :

Ownership of Household Durables 77 Table Iza:

Ownership ot vehicles 7F 12b:

T a b le

Educational Status of Sample Population TO Tab le 13:

Tenurial Status in Previous Residence Table lua:

Present Residence ^{b 3} Tenurial Status in

Table 1Ub:

Level of Satisfaction with Ow n House Tab le 15:

Table 16:

t e 9 0 Increase in Expenditure

Taole 17:

Changes in Expenditure 9 2 Table 18:

iiouseh o 1 d Durables

Increase in Ownership of ^a

T a b le 19:

Ownership of Vehicles Table 20: Increase in

Dwelling Item s a nd Opinion

21 :

Tab le ^o^t

Religious Affiliations ot Sample Population P o p u1a tion____________________________________

5t

Household Income by Ethnicity in Previous and Present Residence

Bayari Bam Sampled units Based Stratified Random Sampling by Low Cost Housing Types

(8)

* i;

Indices Ot Satisfaction T a b le 2 2:

Table 23:

1 1 0

Satisfaction with Garbage Table 24:

1 1 1 Table 25:

1 1 » i 1 7 Changes in Length of work Trips

Table 26:

s

1 ■’ a

Previous Residence

1 1 9 1 2 ? Ilode of Transport used By Family Head

Table 28:

Changes in Mode of Travel u Table 29:

Table 30:

Level of Interaction with the Neighbours Table 31:

Table 32:

1 3 7

V

Level of Satisfaction with Dwelling Conditions

Level of Satisfaction with Public Security of the Area

Family Head’s Residence Level of

Disposal

to Present

Frequency of Visits to Relatives and Friends outside Bayan Baru

Level of Satisfaction wi*h Cleanliness ot the Environment

Table 27b: Trip Length in Relation Monthly Income in

Visits to the Cinema Since Moving Into Bayan Baru

Table 27a: Trip Length in Relation to Family Head’

Monthly Income in Previous Residence

(9)

:

Total Family Income su

» Total Age Group So

Figure

2

: Ethnic Status

5A Figure 3

:

Marital Status 60 Figure

4

60 2 Tenurial Status

Figure 5

:

Ethnicity by

Zones t 6 Figure

6

:

Religious

Affiliations by

Zones Figure

7

: Migrant Status

b7

Figure

8

Household

Income : Total

Figure 9

Tenurial

Status by Zones 75

Figure 10 :

11

:

Educational

Status

8 0 Fig

ure

Change in

Tenurial

Status

85 12

:

Fig

ure

: Ownership

of Household Durables

97

Figure

13

Figure 14 :

Ownership

of

Vehicles 99

10 3 Figure

15 :

Indices of

Satisfaction

: Time of Travel

121 Fig

ure

16

Mode

of Travel used by

Family Head___

126

Figure 17

:

Level

of

Interaction

with

the Neighbours 135 Fig

ure

138

v Figure 18

:

19 : Freguency

of Visits

to

Friends

and

Relatives

outside

Bayan

Baru

LIST OF

FIGJJRES : Fig ure 1 i ~

(10)

1

: Delineation of Existing Study Areas •8 : Dayan Baru Future New Township 2P-

Map 1.2

Sampled Units 3 u Map 1-3 : Zone 1

: Zone 2 Sampled units 3 5 Map 1.4

: Zone 3 Sampled units 36 Map 1.5

Bayan Baru New Town uu Map 2. 1a :

Hap 2.1b: Bayan Baru in Regional Context u5 Place of Residence (• 9

Map 4.1 Last

: Place of work of Occupied Persons 7 2 Map 4.2

y LIST OF MAPS :

Hap 1.1

(11)

Abstrak

kriteria-kriteria

kepada

ini

memandang

Kajian

dalam peruntukan

unit-unit

rumah murah bagi

mengkaji

dipenuhi

itu teiah

tepat kriteria-kriteria b etapa

Rumah di dalam

pend uduk-penduduk Rancangan

oleh

disamping Maka,

di

Ban dar Bayan Baru.

M urah

bahagian

kedua

dalam

•’memandang ke dalam dari luar",

ke luar dari dalam”

kajian ini juga Cuba ’’memandang

sosio-ekonomi

keadaan

mengkaji

dengan

k hasnya

wujud

sejak

pemindahan

penduduk-penduduk yang

teiah

di Bandar

murah Bayan

ke unit-unit rumah oerekd

Baru.

a dalah

sebuah Bayan

Memandangkan

bahawa Baru

peringkat

perkembangan yang bandar

yang masih dalam

maka kajian atas

bandar

itu

merupakan

satu kes

a

wal.

sebanyak

125

Satu

sampel

amat sesuai.

kajian yang

dipilih

dari 825 buah rumah dalam buah

rumah

teiah

.

rancangan rumah murah

itu. Basil daripada

kajian

ini

menunjukkan bahawa krj-teria-kriteria

peruntukan bagi

tetapi

banyak dipenuhi

teiah rumah murah

pemohon

masih

juga terdapat ramai"

penyewa-pen yewa

di Bandar

• Bayan

Baru.

Pada amnya, penduduk-penduduk

di unit rumah murah menikmati

se^u status

itu

teiah

sosio-ekonomi

yang

(12)

penduduk bilangan

iaitu

baik yang

lebih

memiliki kendaraan

dan tinggi and

berpendapatan

se

jak

bertambah

t

elah

perkakas-perkakas r unah

terdapat juga

walaapun

ke

Bayan Baru pemindahan

seper t i aspek

beberapa dalatn

di ketidakpuasan

plug me muaskan dan

kura

ng udara

peredaran

yang

hasil daripada

Satu

ringkasan

kurang.

letrik

yang

dikemukaKan telah

cadangan-cadangan k ajian

dan

ke

pada

mem

beri

faedah

dapat kajian

supaya

Baru

dalam perkembangan

Bayan

polisi

perancangan

pada

masa depan.

(13)

Abstract

for

the criteria

into

the

looks

study This

housing

units to see

how allocation

of the low

cost

ground

correspond

to the

criteria

the

closely

Besides

’’looking in from

the in Bayan Baru New

Town.

study also

of this

second part

outside

”,

the

namely

by

the inside".

attempts to

the

socio-economic life of since brought

about

have been residents

that

t he

in the new low- cost

housing

scheme

moving

into the t

ownship.

is

a

Bayan

Baru

fact that

Recognising the

^new

development, it

stages of

its

initial

township

in

study there. A out the

to carry

seems opportune

households have

been

selected

out of

sample

of 125

t

he

sche

me. From

in

households 8

25

the criteria survey

it

was

housing

unit

have for the allocation

to

a

considerable has also

been met

been quite a high

degree of tenancy

in

the

region.

v examining

the changes in

the

housing

found that

the

although

situation

in the

case

of

the

low cost housing

scheme

"look

out

from

of

a

low

cost

extent,

there

(14)

an

improveraen4-

residents

have shown

in their

socio-economic status

such

as

higher income

household

number

of

possession of

g reater

and

a

vehicles since

moving into Bayan

Baru

durables

and

namely

poor

although

some

outlets have inadequate electrical

ventilation and

summary

of t

he

study.

A

in

this

brought up

been

put forward

recommendations have

been

findings

and

in

the hope

that

the

study will

be of

some relevance in the formulation

of

policy

guidelines to

shape

^the

future development

of

the new township.

M

areas of

dissatisfaction

Generally, the