The maximum average grain yield of 7.15 t/ha was achieved in the dry season with the use of 120 kg N ha-1 (fixed N application time). In the study of fertilization based on organic fertilizers, the use of sources of pure organic fertilizers gave a significantly lower average grain yield (4.65 t/ . ha) than the use of pure inorganic fertilizers and the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers regardless of amounts (Figure 1). In a long-term soil fertility experiment, the average native nutrient supply capacity (INS) of the experimental site (Block III, Block 1a).
Overall, the average INS of the experimental fields used in the three studies was 60.31 kg N ha-1. Average grain yield and AEN of rice varieties tested as affected by different fertilizer treatments in the long-term organic fertilizer study. The highest average grain yields of the tested rice varieties were obtained in the treatment with complete applications of N, P and K;.
During the dry period, the average grain yields in the +NPK and +NP treatments (without K) were comparable to each other; The percentage of filled grains varied during the season; significant differences were observed in the dry season but not in the wet season;
Development of Soil, Water, Nutrient, and Crop Yield Diagnostic Techniques for Irrigated Lowland Rice
By calibrating the model, a set of genetic coefficients is obtained for the rice varieties. Using the GLUE program from the CERES-Rice model, the genetic coefficients for PSB Rc82, NSIC Rc160 and Mestiso 20 were generated in 2014 DS and WS for eight crop development stages (Table 11). Previous calibration of the rice model for the 2012 dry and wet seasons showed different genetic coefficients for PSB Rc82 and NSIC Rc160 (Cruz et al.
Note: P1- basic vegetative phase of the plant (GDD); P2R: degree to which the phase development leading to panic initiation is postponed (GDD); P5- onset of grain filling to physiological maturity (GDD); P2O critical photoperiod or longest day length during which maximum development occurs (hours); G1- potential spikelet number coefficient; G2- weight of one grain (g); G3 slope coefficient (scaler value); G4 temperature tolerance coefficient. Some of the NDTs developed were (1) the PalayCheck integrated crop management system that used the Leaf Color Chart (PalayCheck-LCC) for 'real-time'. In WS, NM had a grain yield of 5.2 tons/ha and had the lowest grain yield among the nutrient diagnostic techniques, but the yields of the NDTs were not significantly different.
Assessment and Evaluation of Crop Intensification and Resource Use Efficiency in Rice Production
There were no significant differences in ratoon crop yields between LCC-based application and fixed-time N application by transplanting method. In the wet direct seeding method, ratoon yields ranged from 7 to 25.6% of the main crop for baseline LCC and 2.3 to 23.2% for timed N application. In the wet season (WS), ratoon crop yields in transplanted rice were higher than wet direct seeded rice as all 8 genotypes produced ratoon in the transplant method.
The dynamics of soil moisture in the raised bed showed that the soils above the sand-gravel layer (embedded 30 cm below the soil layer) were consistently higher than those under the sand-gravel layer, indicating the blocking of capillary growth of water down (Figure 19). Fertilizer treatments in the ratoon crop were (1) application of LCC-based N fertilizer where 35 kg N/ha was applied when the LCC reading was below 4 for transplanted rice and below 3 for wet-seeded rice directly in DS and ( 2) timed N application where 90 kg N/ha was applied immediately after harvesting the main crop in DS and WS. These transplanted rice ratoon yields based on fixed time N application were 11.7 to 29.9% of the main crop yields.
These direct wet-seeded rice LCC-based ratoon yields were 16.2 to 25.6% of main crop yields. These direct wet-seeded rice. Fixed-term ratoon yields were 12.5 to 23.2% of the main crop yield. These transplanted rice Fast-time N application-based ratoon yields were 4.2 to 28.7% of the main crop yield.
These time-based direct yields of wet-seeded rice ranged from 2.7 to 15.7% of the yield of the main crops. However, ratoon yields in transplanted rice were higher than that of direct wet-seeded rice, as all 8 rice genotypes produced ratoon yields in the transplant method. The total nitrogen rates applied in the two N fertilizer treatments were 180 kg N ha-1 in fixed time and nitrogen application rate (FTR-N) and 150 kg N ha-1 in LCC-based or fixed time adjustable (FTAR- N) during DS.
Grain yield for PSB Rc82 and NSIC Rc222 did not differ significantly with water management, planting density and weed management treatments in the WS. For PSB Rc82 and NSIC Rc222, no significant difference in yield components was observed in the water and weed management treatments. AEN at the fixed N application of 150 kg/ha and the LCC-based N application did not differ significantly with DS.
ASPPD Research and Analytical Laboratory Systems and Maintenance
Permit to Purchase” and “Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals” to supply the Property Office for the procurement and use of chemical supplies in our research activities controlled by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). Received the Certificate of Recognition (ASPPD Laboratory) for demonstrating Outstanding Laboratory Maintenance and Health & Safety Practice during the first inspection period 2014 conducted by ISSO. Short-term and long-term assessment of heavy metals in rice soils of Regions 1.
The recent issue regarding the breach of the mine's tailings dam in Benguet has created so much concern and publicity that needs to be studied and resolved. To date, there is no data or written report that reflects the effect of the incident especially in the rice growing areas. The biggest concern now is the build-up of sediments in the San Roque dam, which in turn is used as a supplier of water to the main irrigation system. Likewise, concerns about the risks of contamination and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the areas served by the San Roque dam.
In addition to the immediate effects of the incident on the pollution in the rice areas, the long-term effects of the rice and the grain itself on the environment must also be considered. Therefore, this project was designed to determine the extent, level, accumulation and long-term effects of heavy metal contamination in paddy and rice grain soils, particularly in the areas served by the Agno River. In the upper reaches of the SRD main channel, seven banks were staked; five in the middle of the SRD main channel; five in the lower reaches of the SRD main channel; four in riverbanks, including the Agna River; and 2 locations along the irrigation channel that are not served by an irrigation system connected to the main stream of the SRD.
Several farmers along these impounded areas were interviewed for background information and their perceptions on the extent of the mine tailings effect. Initial chemical analysis of the sediment sample adjacent to the San Roque Dam reservoir however revealed copper levels (243.7 ppm) higher than the intervention value (190 mg kg-1) (Table 34). SRD-San Roque Dam /= done LARIS-Lower Agno River Irrigation System x= yet to be done.
Initial characterization of the different selected sites according to their land use or cropping sequences and farm input levels.
Assessment and Evaluation of Variety, Water, Nutrient and Pest Interactions
Specifically, the objective of this study was to determine the improvement of rice yield heterosis as affected by different timing and level of nitrogen and potassium application; recommends timely application of nitrogen and potassium in hybrid rice; and determining how much N and K fertilizer is needed to optimize seed yield and yield. Given the country's current goal of achieving rice self-sufficiency, rice farmers should use varieties with high yield potential. The increase in yield will increase the production and income of the station as organic rice is sold commercially at Php 60/cl.
The initial result of the study shows that there is no significant interaction between fertilizer treatments, water management and seedling age (Tables 42 and 43). Correlation coefficients (r) between grain yield, total fertilizer N applied, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use (AEN) and grain quality characteristics in dry season grain yield rice varieties 2013. Some growth parameters of shoots and physiology of rice genotypes IR64 and DRS111 under N treatments and grown under continuously waterlogged (CWL) and drained (DR) soil conditions.
Root dry weight, number and length of nodular roots and linear frequency of lateral roots of rice genotypes IR64 and DRS111 under N treatments and grown under continuously waterlogged (CWL) and dry (DR) soil conditions. Shoot dry weight, transpiration and total root length of the different genotypes grown under transient waterlogging for 14 days followed by progressive drying maintained at 10%. Grain yield and total biomass of seven genotypes with different N fertilizer treatment grown under CWL and DR conditions in 2013DS.
Plant dry weight and shoot dry weight of the different genotypes under the raised bed and normal treatment. Average grain yield and AEN of the rice varieties tested as affected by the different fertilizer treatments in the long-term organic fertilization study (ASD-002-002). The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency expressed in kg of grain produced per kg of N applied of the rice varieties tested (average of 3 varieties) in the treatments with N application during the 2014 dry and wet seasons of cultivation.
Grain yield (t/ha) of water varieties of lowland rice in response to fixed-time N fertilizer application (1A) and LCC-based N application. Shoot dry weight of different genotypes under N treatments and grown under waterlogged (A) and disturbed (B) soil conditions. Grain yields of rice test varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments (FTR-N: fixed time application and N rate; FTAR-N: time adjustable fixed rate based on N LCC application).
