The importance of genetic resources in crop improvement has been recognized in recent years. As part of the division's expanding scope, the division has begun to care for other crops and important biota that are equally important in the rice environment, such as Azolla spp. One of the limitations to the use of germplasm by breeders, researchers and farmers is access.
The Division is also engaged in discussions and formal agreements with provincial and local governments in strengthening the use of these traditional varieties, especially those with strong ties to certain geographical origins. Microplasm conservation plays a key role in integrating technological developments in the field of molecular genetics, genomics, cryopreservation and geographic information system to further facilitate the conservation and use of genetic reserves. The data obtained will serve as a basis for the regeneration of rice germplasm in the next plant season to achieve a sufficient harvest.
The data obtained were uploaded in the Genebank Documentation System (GEDS) to be available to researchers to support breeding programs in PhilRice and genetic diversity analysis. Materials are processed and stored in the seed processing and seed storage facility at the branch. The Traditional and Indigenous Varieties (TRV) are cultivated and popular in the market, consumers and farmers in Mindanao.
The utilization of the traditional and indigenous varieties is of great help in the variety development, deployment and promotion as these traditional and indigenous varieties are already adopted and accepted by the local farmers.
Evaluation of PhilRice Germplasm Collection for Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and Grain Quality
Evaluation of the PhilRice Germplasm Collection for Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and Grain Quality. Also, generation of grain quality descriptions of the PhilRice germplasm collection and efficient delivery of quality data through a computerized database system. As a result of feeding at the bottom of the tillers, the plants turn yellowish and dry up quickly.
Two hundred PhilRice germplasm samples were evaluated for resistance to blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, rice tungro virus, green leaf spot, brown spot and columnar leaf spot. In Table 12, of the 200 accessions evaluated, 84 entries were blast resistant and 39 entries had intermediate resistance. Most of the specimens proved to be moderately resistant in the dry season and susceptible in the wet season to GLH and BPH.
Summary table of responses of PhilRice germplasm accessions to major pests and diseases in 2014. PhilRice Genebank, considered one of the international repositories of rice genetic resources, currently has about 12,000 accessions. This ongoing project aims to generate grain quality data from the PhilRice germplasm collection and efficiently deliver grain quality data through a computerized database system managed by the Genetic Resources Division.
Range and mean values of grain quality attributes of PhilRice germplasm stocks collected from GRD regeneration plots, dry season 2014. This study aimed to evaluate and screen PhilRice germplasm collections under different intensities of drought stress using line source sprinkler system. Soil moisture sensors were placed on both sides of the seedbed at different distances from the line sprinkler (10cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm), respectively (Figure 10).
The most important abiotic factors are low solar radiation, flooding and lack of zinc in the soil. At the early stage of the crop, almost all test entries showed the following symptoms: rust, stunted growth, poor turning and most of the plants eventually died. During the late vegetative and early reproductive stages, some test entries without the application of zinc sulfate were observed to recover very quickly and signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency disappeared and showed normal growth comparable to the control varieties treated with zinc sulfate.
Genetic Resources Research
Interspecific crosses (crosses of improved wild rice and modern variety) will be carried out in the next season. Philippine traditional rice varieties currently stored in PhilRice Genebank have enormous genetic diversity and potential new genes for rice genetic improvement. With the advent of intellectual property rights and ownership of rice, especially germplasm under development, there is a need to discover local sources of genes or traits for breeding and genetic improvement of rice varieties for pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress resistance and good grain quality. .
The discovery of genes and a potential source of germplasm in local and indigenous traditional rice varieties will provide opportunities for the commercialization of the advancement of rice science in the Philippines. The whole genome sequencing of the varieties was obtained from the Genomic Institute of Asia (GINA) in a fastq format (Tables 18 and 19). Initiated collaborative efforts with the Philippine Genome Center's Core Facility for Bioinformatics for the intensive bioinformatics analysis and processing of rice whole genome sequence data.
Initial whole genome sequence results of three (3) Philippine traditional rice varieties obtained from GINA. Investigating the bound form of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in Philippine aromatic rice in the PhilRice Genebank. Aromatic rice with superior eating quality commands higher prices in the market and is increasingly demanded by niche markets abroad.
This study aimed to identify and characterize Philippine aromatic traditional varieties with high amounts of bound 2-AP and novel alleles of the odor gene. On the other hand, only 27 of the 53 accessions from the PhilRice gene bank tagged as fragrant rice were aromatic by the KOH method. This study aims to collect and preserve traditional rice varieties and gather information from local communities on their use of rice in folk medicine.
Seventeen (17) traditional rice varieties possessing ethno-medicinal properties have been documented, sixteen of which are now preserved at the PhilRice Genebank. One of the main causes of low rice yield is cracking or splitting of the grain due to pre- and post-harvest stresses. The three best crack-resistant varieties were recommended for further genetic research as part of a related study at the Crops Biotechnology Center.
Optimization of Germplasm Conservation Procedures
Cross block 2014DS samples (n = 225) were also analyzed and 13 cultivars were crack resistant by the stressed wetting method for brown rice. Additional screening for eating quality indicators will be considered prior to selection of the final pool of crack resistant samples for prebreeding and genetic studies. The accurate identification of germplasm materials in a genebank is essential for efficient germplasm characterization, where without such information breeders have no way of selecting suitable materials for inclusion in breeding programs.
Systematic ecotype classification leads to a more efficient use of germplasm collection in rice breeding programs. This information can also help breeders to select suitable parents to improve varieties and broaden the genetic base of rice, thus the efficiency of germplasm utilization can be greatly improved. The cross between japonica and indica faced several challenges, such as high sterility, poor plant type and linkage resistance.
Identification of indica and japonica rice is important for breeders as these are currently the focus of plant breeders for crossing and developing new plant types. Accurate classification of rice germplasm into the two subspecies can provide essential information for selecting parents in the development of intersubspecific hybrid rice. Among the physiological and morphological characteristics, grain shape and phenolic response of grains are widely used as conventional tools for classifying rice varieties into Japonica and Indica types.
A total of 5143 accessions were tested using a 2% phenol solution, the result showed that 3876 accessions had a positive reaction to the phenol solution and thus belonged to the Indica group, while 1185 were intermediate (Table 21). On the other hand, 82 accessions showed a negative reaction to the phenol solution and thus belong to the Japonica group. Four round, 56 hemispherical, 510 spindle, 441 semi-spindle and 700 long spindle were recorded.
Conservation of Genetic Resources in the Rice Environment
Eleven accessions from IRRI Azolla Germplasm Collections were searched and conserved at PhilRice Los Baños. In addition to the 11 indigenous Azolla species in the Philippines, another 53 Azolla species were retrieved from the IRRI Azolla Germplasm Collection and are currently being stored at PhilRice Los Baños. List of native Azolla species/strains requested from the IRRI Azolla Germplasm Collections and now stored at PhilRice Los Baños.
Eleven virulent strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and nine isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae were preserved in potato dextrose agar coated with mineral oil or as powdered spores. With increasing awareness of the undesirable human and environmental impacts of the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, PhilRice through its R&D programs had long recognized that beneficial microbes provide an alternative strategy to combat the limiting soil nutrients and destructive effects of weeds and pests to combat. on crops. Preservation techniques for Trichoderma sp. a) Colony growth typical of a one-week-old culture of Trichoderma sp strains 1 and 2. Strain 2 grows rapidly compared to strain 1 and developed more spores 1 week after sowing the mycelia-colonized agar block. B).
Six genotypes showed high shoot growth in response to different intensities of progressive drought stress in 2014. Distribution of infection of germplasm materials in days after transplanting (DAT) of rice tungro disease in 2014.
