Discussion and Conclusion
The expressed need of small-scale fishers to find non-compulsory employment shows not only the seasonality of fish stocks, but also the need to adapt to changes in their fishing gear, fish handling and value addition. Small-scale coastal fishers mostly operate in coastal fishing grounds, which usually take them a shorter journey and use less energy.
Country paper presented during the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Regional Technical Consultation on Small-Scale Fisheries in Southeast Asia. Philippines Enforcing rights, defining responsibilities Views of small-scale fishing communities on coastal and fisheries management in the Philippines.
About the Authors
Known as SEAFDEC-Sida Project Phase II, this phase of the collaboration is expected to benefit the poor coastal and inland communities of Southeast Asia, which continue to face increased exposure to natural hazards, climate variability, competition and conflict over the use of natural resources. Through regional consultation processes, capacity building will be enhanced to promote the establishment of broader fisheries and habitat management mechanisms, address issues of climate change vulnerability, and improve the social welfare of fishing households in Southeast Asia. Improving fisheries and habitat management, climate change adaptation and social well-being in Southeast Asia:.
Improving Fisheries and Habitat Management, Climate Change Adaptation and Social Well-being in Southeast Asia
Hopes are rising for millions of fishing households whose livelihoods continue to be threatened by environmental degradation, overcapacity and climate change. Thanks to the new phase of cooperation between SEAFDEC and Sida, which aims to support the regional momentum for the development of policies and mechanisms towards formal ASEAN fisheries management arrangements, previously under the first phase of the collaboration has started. The second phase of the cooperation, which will run from 2013 to 2017, will focus on four sub-regions, namely: the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea and the Mekong River Basin, in addition to the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, which were also the targeted sub-regions . during the first phase.
Improved fisheries policies and sub-regional plans would be designed to ensure sustainable livelihoods in coastal and inland waters.
SEAFDEC-Sida Collaborative Arrangements: Past and Present
22 July 2010 On-site training/workshop on integration of fisheries and habitat management and management of fishing capacity. 5 March 2011 On-site training/workshop on integration of fisheries and habitat management .. and management of fishing capacity Myeik, Myanmar. 25 March 2011 On-site training/workshop on integration of fisheries and habitat management and management of fishing capacity.
SEAFDEC-Sida Collaborative Project
To exchange ideas and experiences that would clarify and address the challenges facing the region, the project organized a series of technical meetings. These forums provided the platform for discussing, exploring and agreeing on the strategies for developing common approaches to address the identified challenges. Thus, the SEAFDEC-Sida collaboration has grown into a regional momentum for developing new policies and mechanisms, and establishing fisheries management arrangements to address key issues hindering the sustainable development of fisheries in the Southeast Asian region.
Looking at the Future and the Way Forward
This second phase of the project will build on the results of the previous SEAFDEC-Sida collaboration. Livelihoods in coastal and inland fishing communities and work opportunities for fishermen and migrant workforce in the fisheries sector (including post-harvest and processing) are among the main focuses of the project. This is another important piece of the puzzle that can maximize impacts to extend across borders in areas of the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, as well as in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea and the Mekong River Basin.
Therefore, linking the project with other organizations and ongoing projects is another factor to ensure adequate support for greater project capacity and sustainability. The Fisheries Administration of the Kingdom of Cambodia has compiled a handbook to assist stakeholders at the academic, scientific and administrative levels in obtaining an overview of instruments relevant to the conservation and management of fisheries resources. For ease of use, the manual also lists the relevant web addresses of the relevant instruments and agreements.
Relevant International and Regional Instruments
Despite the large number of instruments, it has remained very difficult to obtain relevant information on the instruments signed and ratified by individual countries, such as Cambodia. Thus, the said handbook also aims to provide important details such as Cambodia's membership and details of ratification, accession and other relevant information.
Significance to Cambodia
The convention called for the creation of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to regulate commercial whaling. The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or Bonn Convention was adopted in 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1983. Cambodia became a party to the Convention in 1995, where the implementation of the Biodiversity Enabling Activity resulted in the publication of a status report of biodiversity (Smith, 2001).
International Instruments and Global Conventions
First drafted in 1962, the Treaty was not adopted until February 1971 and entered into force in December 1975. The Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from the Dumping of Waste and Other Substances, or the so-called London Convention, was adopted and entered into force in 1972. came into effect in 1975. The treaty entered into force on May 17, 2004 and Cambodia signed the treaty on May 23, 2001, but has not yet ratified it.
Other Instruments
Meanwhile, overexploitation of marine living resources is covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar), the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), which established the International Whaling Commission (IWC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and parts of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which date back to before the Rio summit in 1992. While habitat destruction is covered by the World Heritage Convention (WHC), the Ramsar Convention and UNCLOS, introduction of alien aquatic species is the concern of the CBD and the Ballast Water Convention, where climate change is under a specific convention, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). An overview of the status of Cambodia's ratification and/or accession to various international conventions relating to the protection of the marine environment and conservation of marine biodiversity is given in Table 1.
International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs)
Furthermore, Agenda 21, adopted at the Rio Summit in 1992, is a global action program for sustainable development. Agenda 21, an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations and individual governments, must be implemented at local, national, regional and global levels.
Regional Instruments
The WorldFish Center started in 1977 as the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) based in the Philippines. The WorldFish Center is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization working in the developing world. In 2009, eleven member countries signed the Manila Declaration to implement the Integrated Coastal Management for Sustainable Development and Adaptation to Climate Change in the East Asia region's oceans.
Conclusion and Way Forward
PEMSEA is now working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals of countries in the region. In recent times, the country's marine fisheries have expanded significantly, especially in terms of the number of fishermen and fishing vessels resulting in increased pressure on fishery resources. In addition, the uncontrolled destruction of mangrove areas for firewood and aquaculture, as well as siltation and pollution from agriculture and industrialization activities worsen the already declining status of the country's marine fisheries resources.
Managing Overcapacity of Small-scale Fisheries in Vietnam
393/TTg: The decision promulgated in July 1997 supports the government's construction of fishing vessels, which are sold to fishermen at subsidized (reduced) prices. Fisheries in Vietnam are mostly classified as small-scale fisheries, where fishing activities are mostly carried out in coastal waters. Specifically, marine fisheries in Vietnam have reached a state of overexploitation, and fishing resources are already declining.
Fisheries Sector of Vietnam
However, 2 does not include small fishing vessels with engine capacity of less than 20 Hp, as they are not managed by provincial offices in accordance with Article 16.1 of the Fisheries Law of Vietnam. 298 which led to the registration of the established capacity of an estimated number of 30,000 fishing vessels (DANIDA, 2010). During the decade from 1990 to 2000, the number of small fishing vessels (with engines less than 45 Hp) operating in the country's coastal waters also increased by an average of 2,300 vessels per year.
Case Study
Furthermore, Pomeroy (2010) cited that approximately 82% of Vietnam's total catch comes from waters less than 50 meters deep, implying that such catch must come from coastal fishing activities. It should be noted that the policies of the Government of Vietnam are defined in terms of laws, decrees, decisions, ordinances, circulars and regulations, with the latter being enforced at the provincial level. Before the Implementation of the Vietnam Fisheries Law In the mid-1990s, most of the Vietnamese government's proclamations fully recognized the overcapacity in the country's small-scale fisheries.
Challenges in Small-scale Fisheries of Vietnam
Small-scale fishers have been considered the poorest of the poor because of the endogenous and exogenous origins of poverty in fishing. Therefore, given the current state of fishery resources, small-scale fishermen found that their "bread and butter". The results of the case study have also established that overcapacity in small-scale fisheries in Vietnam is closely related to the absence of a monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) system in the country.
Reducing Rural Poverty and Improving Lives through Sustainable Aquaculture: AQD’s 40-year Saga of Mustering Strength
Two years later, at its second meeting in Singapore in March 1969, the SEAFDEC Council agreed in principle to establish a new SEAFDEC department to carry out aquaculture research and development, and organized a study group to identify the suitable location for aquaculture. department, as well as drawing up an action plan and work program. During the fourth meeting of the SEAFDEC Council in Manila, Philippines on January 18-22, 1971, then Philippine Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources Arturo R. As a result, aquaculture today is no longer dependent on wild seed supplies as technologies for all aspects of full cycle aquaculture have been developed by AQD for most economically important raw materials.
Remembering the Past 40 Years of AQD
The significant progress AQD has made over the past forty years is summarized in Box 1. Following such an approach, AQD has developed technologies that increase stock release for abalone, giant clams, seahorses, and sandfish. This was also intended to direct the direction of AQD towards the promotion of aquaculture for rural development as called for in the 2001 Food Security Resolution and Action Plan for the ASEAN Region (SEAFDEC, 2001).
Looking at the Present to Orchestrate Aquaculture Development
This requires the development of programs that can address the social and economic challenges associated with the promotion of rural or small scale aquaculture (Salayo, 2012). Resolution and Action Plan on Sustainable Fisheries for Food Security for the ASEAN Region. Resolution and Action Plan on Sustainable Fisheries for Food Security for the ASEAN Region towards 2020, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Bangkok, Thailand; 23 p.
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
To develop and manage the fisheries potential of the region through the rational utilization of the resources for providing food security and safety to the people and alleviating poverty through the transfer of new technologies, research and information dissemination activities Objectives. To improve the capacity of the fisheries sector to address emerging international issues and for greater access to international trade. To enhance the contribution of fisheries to food security and Asia's livelihood in the region.
