The Southeast Asia Fisheries Profile was prepared by the Secretariat of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC). The document is distributed to meeting participants, SEAFDEC member countries, SEAFDEC departments and concerned institutions.
INTRODUCTION
SMALL SCALE FISHERIES OF CAMBODIA
Protected fishing area where the fishing area is not mentioned in any group-specific fishing area criteria to which general rules apply. Fishing in the protected fishing zone can be allowed both small-scale and medium-scale fishing.
PROBLEMS, CONSTRAINS RELATED TO SMALL SCALE MANAGEMENT
Small-scale fisheries suffer many problems covering the degradation of fish habitat and the increase in the number of fishermen leading to increased pressure on water resources, fish habitat and decline in fish catch and causing competition between users of natural resources, especially to people who lived by fishing in the community. . On the other hand, the operational problems of small scale fisheries management were well known on fishing, human resources, illegal fishing, legislation, conflict between users in the country and who from the area of that fishing area;.
CONCLUSTION
The large number of local fishermen often used this gear because these materials are cheap and available in the local market. A number of community fisheries were established, only the coastal zone alone, there are 40 community fisheries established up to mid-2007.
The Philippines is an archipelagic country consisting of more than 7,100 islands that lie north of the equator and on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. The Philippines was ranked 8th in 2005 among the world's largest fish producing countries with its total production of 4.16 million metric tons of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants (including seaweed).
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK-FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
68 provides for the development of fisheries and aquatic resources in municipal waters and bays by the fishermen and their organizations residing within the geographical jurisdiction of the barangays, municipalities or cities with the local government units concerned. The establishment of a FARMC will institutionalize the important participation of fishermen and other resource users in the planning and formulation of policies and programs for the management, conservation, protection and sustainable development of fisheries and aquatic resources.
PROFILE OF THE SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
The number of municipal fisheries exceeds the number of fishermen as a whole, followed by the total number of fish farmers and commercial fisheries. Small-scale fishermen also use bamboo rafts to transport their small fishing gear in shallow coastal waters where boats cannot operate.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
Maintain Thailand's status as one of the leading fish producing and exporting countries. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand BE2550 (as the core legislation relating to decentralization and public participation).
PROFILE OF SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
The number of fishing boats from small-scale fisheries (SSF) that are <10 GT and large-scale fisheries (LSF) that are >10 GT from the Marine Fisheries Intercensal Survey of the period 1985 and 2000 (Office for National Statistics, 2001) is shown in Table 3 . Shrimp was the third dominant species for small-scale fisheries with banana shrimp the highest prevalence. During the past two decades, DOF of Thailand has realized that the living standards of the fishermen, especially small-scale fishermen, are quite low and that the coastal resources are in a declining trend due to overexploitation.
Small Scale Fisheries Development Project (SSFDP): implemented under the 6th and 7th National Social and Economic Development Plan and 1992-1996.
MARINE FISHING
Socially: Support for small-scale fishermen to gain new employment would help reduce pressure on coastal fish stocks. Popular fishing” in the sense that it is private, small-scale and owned by hundreds of thousands of individual households owning small and often artisanal boats. The increased production reflects an increase in the number of fishing boats and total engine power rather than an increase in fish stocks.
Small fishermen would be forced out of their playing fields, simply because they would not be able to cover all the expenses associated with the investment of sailing the high seas with heavily equipped fishing vessels.
INLAND FISHING
CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
FISHING PROBLEMS
Low level of education, which results in many negative phenomena such as high consumption of birds, use of drugs and very difficult to be transferred to a new job in the coastal rural areas. Until now, coastal fishing is still considered as an exit to create more employment and income for coastal people where there is rapid population growth.
NEEDS FOR ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT
8550 “Fisheries Code of the Philippines” also known as the Fisheries Code of 1998, “an act providing for the development, management and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources, consolidating all laws relating thereto and for other purposes.” Department of agriculture is mandated through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and serves as a guide in the implementation of its main fisheries resource management tasks. Fishermen engaged in commercial fishing indicate that there are 16,497 fishermen, which is only 1% of the industry. The flagship boats usually associated with commercial fishing are "pamariles" - water boats for distant waters or called "pump boats" (or mother boats).
Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the SSF and LSF in Thailand are classified according to type of fishing gear, length of boat and effort (Aosomboon, 2006) which DOF Thailand defined SSF in participation with small-scale fishermen as "the fisheries within family, no fishing boat or with a small size fishing boat of less than 10 gross tons, fishing activities are for sufficient".
Large Scale Fisheries
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
This led to the formulation of the Fisheries Act of 1963, which provided a more comprehensive legal framework for the management of fisheries in Malaysian waters. The Fisheries Act 1985 is the current legislation and is implemented to manage, develop, conserve and control marine fisheries and marine fish stocks in the Malaysian fisheries. The Fisheries Act 1985 contains provisions for the monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) of fishing vessels in the EEZ.
The Fisheries Act 1985 was revised in 1993 to ensure equitable and efficient use of resources, conservation and protection of marine resources and the environment in line with current needs.
PROFILE OF LARGE SCALE FISHERIES
Zone B beyond 5 nautical miles, where owner-operated commercial fishing vessels of less than 40 GRT using trawls and purse seine nets are permitted to operate. Zone C2 beyond 30 nautical miles, where deep-sea fishing vessels of 70 GRT and over are allowed to operate. In 2005, a total of 90,702 fishermen (excluding aquaculturists) worked on licensed fishing vessels, compared to 89,453 in 2004.
In 2005, there were 35,180 fishing vessels authorized to exploit coastal areas, compared to only 836 deep-sea fishing units, an increase of 3 units from 833 units in 2004.
CHARACTERISTERIZATION OF LARGE SCALE FISHERIES
Fish makes up 60-70% of the national animal protein intake with a consumption per caput of 47.8 kg per year. The demand for fish and fish products is expected to increase due to population growth, increase in income per capita. population and growing awareness of the health benefits of fish products. These areas may be published as closed fishing areas or areas designated for specific fishing gear based on the tonnage of the fishing vessels.
Increasing income through efficient and optimal use of natural resources and revitalization of the fishing sector and contributing to the economic development of the country.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LARGE SCALE FISHERIES
The fishing industry is important to the country's economy contributing 2.1% (116 billion pesos) to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and accounting for 15% of the Gross Value Added (GVA) in the Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Group . Chinese, Malaysian, Taiwanese, Japanese and other fishermen from neighboring countries are using Philippine waters free of charge. Being part of the Sunda continental shelf in the South China Sea, the Bay is quite shallow with an average depth of about 45 m.
The length of the coastline on the Andaman side of peninsular Thailand is 740 km.
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK– FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
To maintain Thailand's status as one of the important fish producing and exporting countries. Activities that are important and beneficial to the country's economic and social development and security activities that involve production for export. Activities that utilize agricultural products or natural resources as raw materials, provided that, in the opinion of the board, they are non-existent in the kingdom, or exist but insufficient, or use obsolete production processes.
The activities that are eligible for investment promotion by the Council are those that are important and beneficial for the economic and social development, and security of the country, activities that involve production for export, activities that have a high content of capital, labor or service or activities that use agricultural products or natural resources as raw materials, provided that, in the opinion of the Council, they do not exist in the Kingdom, or exist but are insufficient, or use outdated production processes.
PROFILE OF THE LARGE SCALE FISHERIES (LSF)
Promoting community-based fisheries management by establishing a demarcated area for small-scale fisheries and preventing trawling activities in the designated area. For fisheries operating in the waters outside the Gulf of Thailand are the areas in the South China Sea which were categorized into 2 areas viz. Number of registered small-scale fishing (SSF) vessels <10 GT and large-scale fishing (LSF). ) of size >10 GT from the 2003-2005 Thai fishing vessel statistical survey (Fisheries Information Technology Center are shown in Table 2.
This reduced the fishing grounds in the Gulf of Thailand and in the Andaman Sea available to Thai fishermen, thus increasing the intensity of fishing off the coast of Thailand.
![Table 2. Marine municipal fisheries production by main fishing grounds, 1995 Fishing ground Total [tonnes] % of total](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/filepdforg/10918524.0/18.892.98.557.376.729/table-marine-municipal-fisheries-production-fishing-grounds-fishing.webp)
