Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department
SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository http://repository.seafdec.org.ph
Institutional Reports Quarterly Research Reports
1980
Growth and survival rates of
hatchery-produced and wild milkfish fry grown to fingerling size in earthen
nursery ponds
Baliao, D. D.
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Baliao, D. D., Rodriguez, E. M., & Gerochi, D. D. (1980). Growth and survival rates of hatchery-produced and wild milkfish fry grown to fingerling size in earthen nursery ponds.
SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Quarterly Research Report, 4(4), 11–14.
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2379
Downloaded from http://repository.seafdec.org.ph, SEAFDEC/AQD's Institutional Repository
G ro w th and survival rates o f h a tc h e ry -p ro d u c e d and w ild m ilk fis h fr y g ro w n to fin g e rlin g size in e a rth e n n u rse ry ponds
D .D . B a lia o , E .M . R o d rig u e z an d D .D . G ero chi
G ro w th and survival rates o f h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d and w ild m ilk fis h f r y g ro w n to fin g e rlin g size w ere co m p a re d. G ro w th and survival rates are presented in T able 1. D ata shows n o s ig n i
fic a n t d iffe re n c e (P > 0 .0 5 ) betw een h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d and w ild m ilk fis h f r y . F inal mean w e ig h t and percentage survival fo r th e h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d fr y was 2.11 g and 61.5% , w h ile fo r th e w ild fr y it was 1.88 g and 62.9% , re spectively. Mean to ta l le n g th was 5 8 .9 5 m m fo r th e h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d and 5 6 .4 6 m m fo r th e w ild . T he relative w e ig h t and le n g th in c re m e n t fr o m b o th tre a tm e n ts gave an average o f 0 .0 3 2 g /d a y /fis h and 0 .7 1 0 m m /d a y /fjs h , re sp e ctive ly. S im ila r results w ere o b ta in e d fr o m th e studies co n d u cte d b y Rabanal (1 9 7 5 ) IFP T R 7 (1 9 7 5 ) and B aliao (1 9 7 8 ), a d o p tin g a sto c k in g d e n s ity o f 3 0 to 50 m ilk fis h f r y / m 2 , reared to fin g e rlin g size fr o m 4 5 to 6 0 days in earthen nursery ponds. In term s o f percentage survival th e above result is an im p ro v e m e n t over 50% w h ic h is n o rm a lly expected in m ilk fis h nursery ponds in th e P h ilip p in e s (M a y, 1976).
P h ysico -ch e m ica l param eters o b ta in e d d u rin g th e c u ltu re p e rio d are show n in T a b le 2.
No m arked d iffe re n c e was observed betw een tre a tm e n ts. H ow ever, th e re was a sudden d ro p in s a lin ity (48 to 6 p p t) and pH (8 .1 5 to 5 .2 0 ) fr o m th e 2 8 th t o 3 3 rd d a y o f rearing du e t o heavy rains. Sign o f stress d u rin g th e above pe rio d was e vid e n t as some fish w e re seen s w im m in g le th a r
g ic a lly in all co m p a rtm e n ts . Fish k ills due to s a lin ity and pH stress fo llo w in g rains in m ilk fis h ponds are n o t u n c o m m o n (IF P T R 1 9 7 2 ; R anoenichadjo and Padlan, 1 9 7 6 ). H igh m o rta litie s in p o n d N o. 4 (43.9% ) and pond N o . 5 (21.7% ) m ay had o ccu rre d d u rin g th is p e rio d o f adverse c o n d itio n s . This ca n n o t be c o n firm e d , how ever, because th e re is no re lia b le m e th o d o f e s tim a tin g th e dead fis h in each e xp e rim e n ta l ponds. Dissolved oxygen and w a te r te m p e ra tu re w ere w it h in to le ra n ce lim its ; values ranged fro m 3.2 9 to 10.7 p p m and 24.1 to 3 2 .2 ° C (T re a tm e n t I ) and 2 .8 4 to 10.51 p p m and 2 3 .9 to 3 2 .3 ° C (T re a tm e n t II) , re sp e ctive ly.
Based on su bjective o b se rva tio n , g ro w th o f lab-lab in all co m p a rtm e n ts d u rin g th e c u ltu re ranged f rom m oderate to a b u n d a n t — a c rite rio n resorted to in th e absence o f q u a lita tiv e and q u a n tita tiv e analysis. T he fin g e rlin g s appeared h e a lth y as in d ica te d b y th e ir re la tiv e ly n o rm a l b o d y shape.
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T a b le 1 . G ro w th and survival rates o f h a tc h e ry -p ro d u c e d and w ild m ilk fis h fro m 2 June — 2 A u g u s t 1 9 8 0 .
T r e a tm e n t P o n d N o .
S t o c k / 5 0 m 2 H a rv e s t/5 0 m 2 R e la tiv e G r o w t h In c re m e n t
P e rce ntag e S u rv iv a l N o . A v e .
le n g th (m m )
A v e . w e ig h t
(g m )
N o . A v e .
le n g th (m m )
A ve . w e ig h t
(g m )
L e n g th ( m m /d a y /fis h )
W e ig h t ( g /d a y /fis h )
I
( H a tc h e r y - p r o d u c e d ) (3 0 f r y / m 2 )
M H P -1 M H P -2 M H P -5
1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0
1 3 .7 9 1 3 .7 9 1 3 .7 9
.0 0 6 6 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 6 6
1 2 8 7 1 1 5 7 5 2 6
5 1 .6 0 5 4 .5 7 7 0 .7 0
1 .3 2 1 .3 8 3 .6 3
0 .6 3 0 0 .6 7 9 0 .9 4 8
0 .0 2 1 0 .0 2 2 0 .0 6 0
8 5 .8 77 .1 2 1 .7
M e a n 1 / 1 5 0 0 1 3 .7 9 .0 0 6 6 9 2 3 5 8 .9 5 2.1 1 0 .7 5 2 0 .0 3 4 6 1 .5
II ( W ild ) ( 3 0 f r y / m 2 )
M H P -3 M H P -4 M H P -6
1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0
1 3 .8 0 1 3 .8 0 1 3 .8 0
.0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 5
1 1 6 7 6 5 9 1 0 0 8
5 4 .9 3 6 3 .9 0 5 0 .5 5
1 .5 8 2 .8 6 1 .2 2
0 .6 8 5 0 .8 3 5 0 .6 1 2
0 .0 2 6 0 .0 4 7 0 .0 2 0
7 7 .8 4 3 .9 6 7 .2
M e a n 1 / 1 5 0 0 1 3 .8 0 .0 0 6 5 9 4 4 5 6 .4 6 1 .8 8 0 .7 1 0 0 .0 3 1 6 2 .9
1 /
T reatm ent means n o t s ig n ifica n tly d iffe re n t (P > 0.05).
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T a b le 2 . P h ysico-chem ical param eters observed in h a tc h e ry -p ro d u c e d and w ild m ilk fis h f r y n ursery ponds fro m 2 June — 2 A u g ust 1 9 8 0 .
T re a tm e n t
S a lin ity (p p t) W ater pH W ater T e m p (°C ) Dissolved O 2 (p p m )
Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range
I
MHP-1 M H P-2 M H P-5
2 5 .8 8 2 8 .1 7 2 8 .1 4
1 0 - 4 3 . 0 1 4 - 4 8 . 0 14.7 - 4 7 . 0
6.71 7 .04 6 .9 4
5.8 5 - 7 .9 0 5 . 2 0 - 7 . 9 5 5 . 9 0 - 8 . 1 0
2 8 .1 7 2 8 .4 2 28.31
2 4 .2 - 3 2 .2 2 4 . 3 - 3 2 . 1 24.1 - 3 1 .8
2 .3 4 7 .0 5 6 .8 8
4 .0 9 - 10.71 4.11 - 10.01 3 . 2 9 - 1 0 . 5 5
Mean 2 7 .3 9 1 0 - 4 8 6.8 9 5 . 2 0 - 8 . 1 0 2 8 .3 0 24.1 - 3 2 .2 7 .0 9 3 . 2 9 - 1 0 . 7 1
II M H P-3 M HP-4 M H P-6
2 7 .5 8 28.41 25.41
1 2 - 1 4 1 4 - 4 6 8 . - 4 0
7 .3 3 7 .3 8 6.9 5
5 . 9 9 - 8 . 1 0 5 . 8 0 - 8 . 1 5 5 . 7 0 - 8 . 1 0
28.71 28.61 2 8 .2 5
2 4 .2 - 3 2 .3 2 3 .9 - 32.1 2 4 . 3 - 3 2 . 1
6 .4 5 7 .7 6 7 .4 5
2 . 9 5 - 10.39 2 . 8 4 - 10.51 3 . 3 8 - 1 3 . 8 8
Mean 2 7 .1 3 8 - 4 6 7 .22 5 . 7 0 - 8 . 1 5 2 8 .5 2 2 3 .9 - 3 2 .3 6 .8 8 2 . 8 4 - 10.51
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C loser o b se rva tio n o f h a tc h e ry-p ro d u ce d fin g e rlin g s revealed 5 to 10 pieces per c o m p a rt
m e n t having d e fo rm e d m o u th s and exposed gills. In Japan, S uem itsu (personal c o m m u n ic a tio n ) observed th a t h a tc h e ry -p ro d u c e d y e llo w ta il S eriola q u in q u ira d ia ta have s im ila r d e fo rm itie s , e.g., d e fo rm e d m o u th , exposed gills and tw is te d b o d y . These d e fo rm itie s m ay be due to a b norm al e n v iro n m e n ta l c o n d itio n s , e.g., s a lin ity and w a te r te m p e ra tu re (M ay 1975) and n u tr itio n a l d e ficie n cie s (H a lve r, 1972) d u rin g in c u b a tio n and larval stages. The above a b n o rm a litie s c o u ld n o t have been th e p rim a ry cause o f m o r ta lity am ong h a tch e ry-b re d fish since length and w e ig h t gain and survival w ere n o t c o n s id e ra b ly d iffe r e n t fr o m th a t o f no rm a l ones and w ild fish .
Based o n th e results o f th is s tu d y , th e fo llo w in g reco m m e n d a tio n s are made:
(1) A t recom m ended sto c k in g d e n s ity o f 3 0 fr y /m 2 , h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d m ilk fis h fr y co u ld a tta in fin g e rlin g size o f a lm o s t 2 g w ith a percentage survival o f 68%.
(2) T h is s tu d y in dicates th a t h a tch e ry-p ro d u ce d fry /fin g e rlin g s can equal th e c u ltu re p e r
fo rm a n c e o f th e w ild f r y , h ow ever, fu r th e r re p lic a tio n s are needed to m ake th e result conclusive.
(3) C o m p a ra tive p e rfo rm a n ce o f h a tch e ry-b re d and w ild fr y should encourage in te n s ifie d research on m ilk fis h b ro o d s to c k d e v e lo p m e n t and re fin e m e n t o f induced spaw ning m ethods.
Literatured cited:
B a lia o , D .D . 1978. E v a lu a tio n o f a c o m b in a tio n o f in d o o r-o u td o o r nursery system fo r g ro w in g m ilk fis h f r y to fin g e rlin g s. Thesis s u b m itte d t o th e College o f Fisheries, U n iv e rs ity o f th e P h ilip p in e s , 6 2 pp.
H a lve r, J. E. 1 972. Fish N u tr itio n A ca d e m ic Press, N ew X I I I , 7 1 3 pp.
In la n d Fisheries P ro je ct (IF P ) 1 9 7 2 . T e chnical R e p o rt. U n iv e rs ity o f th e P h ilip p in e s System . C ollege o f Fisheries, D ilim a n , Q uezon C ity . 6 5 pp.
In la n d Fisheries P ro je ct (IF P ) 1 975. Technical R e p o rt N o. 7 , U n iv e rs ity o f th e P h ilip p in e s, C ollege o f Fisheries, D ilim a n , Q uezon C ity , 113 pp.
M ay, R.C. 1975. E ffe cts o f te m p e ra tu re and s a lin ity on fe r tiliz a tio n , e m b ry o n ic d e ve lop m e n t and h a tc h in g in B a ird ie lla ie istia (Pisces. Sciaenidae) and th e e ffe c t o f parental s a lin ity a c c lim a tio n on e m b ry o n ic and larval s a lin ity to le ra n ce . F ishery B u lle tin V o l . 7 3 , N o. 1
M a y, R.C. 1 976. Egg in c u b a tio n and larval rearing. In te rn a tio n a l M ilk fis h W o rkshop-C onference, T ig b a u a n , Ilo ilo , P h ilip p in e s.
R a noenchacdjo, B.S. and Padlan, P. 1976. Intensive b ra ckish w a te r fa rm in g . Paper presented to th e T w e lfth A n n u a l C o n v e n tio n o f th e P h ilip p in e s Fish F arm Producers, Ilo ilo C ity , 6 p.
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